{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.02.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-09", "title": "Does Tree Species Composition Control Soil Organic Carbon Pools In Mediterranean Mountain Forests?", "description": "We compared soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and stability under two widely distributed tree species in the Mediterranean region Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) at their ecotone. We hypothesised that soils under Scots pine store more SOC and that tree species composition controls the amount and biochemical composition of organic matter inputs, but does not influence physico-chemical stabilization of SOC. At three locations in Central Spain, we assessed SOC stocks in the forest floor and down to 50cm in the mineral in pure and mixed stands of Pyrenean oak and Scots pine, as well as litterfall inputs over approximately 3 years at two sites. The relative SOC stability in the topsoil (0-10cm) was determined through size-fractionation (53\u03bcm) into mineral-associated and particulate organic matter and through KMnO4-reactive C and soil CN ratio.Scots pine soils stored 95-140Mgha-1 of C (forest floor plus 50cm mineral soil), roughly the double than Pyrenean oak soils (40-80Mgha-1 of C), with stocks closely correlated to litterfall rates. Differences were most pronounced in the forest floor and uppermost 10cm of the mineral soil, but remained evident in the deeper layers. Biochemical indicators of soil organic matter suggested that biochemical recalcitrance of soil organic matter was higher under pine than under oak, contributing as well to a greater SOC storage under pine. Differences in SOC stocks between tree species were mainly due to the particulate organic matter (not associated to mineral particles). Forest conversion from Pyrenean oak to Scots pine may contribute to enhance soil C sequestration, but only in form of mineral-unprotected soil organic matter. \u00a9 2011 Elsevier B.V.", "keywords": ["Quercus pyrenaica", "Soil organic carbon", "Mediterranean mountain", "Ecotone", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Pinus sylvestris", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil organic matter size-fractionation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.02.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.02.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.02.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.02.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.11.024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-11", "title": "Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Sequestration Over An Age Sequence Of Pinus Patula Plantations In Zimbabwean Eastern Highlands", "description": "Forests play a major role in regulating the rate of increase of global atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations creating a need to investigate the ability of exotic plantations to sequester atmospheric CO2. This study examined pine plantations located in the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe relative to carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage along an age series. Samples of stand characteristics, forest floor (L, F and H) and 0\u201310, 10\u201330 and 30\u201360 cm soil depth were randomly taken from replicated stands in Pinus patula Schiede & Deppe of 1, 10, 20, 25, and 30 years plus two natural forests. Sodium polytungstate (density 1.6 g cm\u22123) was used to isolate organic matter into free light fraction (fLF), occluded light fraction (oLF) and mineral associated heavy fraction (MaHF). In both natural and planted forests, above ground tree biomass was the major ecosystem C pool followed by forest floor\u2019s humus (H) layer in addition to the 45%, 31% and 24% of SOC contributed by the 0\u201310, 10\u201330 and 30\u201360 cm soil depths respectively. Stand age caused significant differences in total organic C and N stocks. Carbon and N declined initially soon after establishment but recovered rapidly at 10 years, after which it declined following silvicultural operations (thinning and pruning) and recovered again by 25 years. Soil C and N stocks were highest in moist forest (18.3 kg C m\u22122 and 0.66 kg of N m\u22122) and lowest in the miombo (8.5 kg m\u22122 of C and 0.22 kg of N m\u22122). Average soil C among Pinus stands was 11.4 kg of C m\u22122, being highest at 10 years (13.7 of C kg m\u22122) and lowest at 1 year (9.9 kg of C m\u22122). Some inputs of charcoal through bioturbation over the 25 year period contributed to stabilisation of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its depth distribution compared to the one year old stands. Nitrogen was highest at 10 years (0.85 kg of N m\u22122) and least at 30 years (0.22 kg of N m\u22122). Carbon and N in density fractions showed the 20 year old stand having similar proportions of fLF and oLF while the rest had significantly higher fLF than oLF. The contribution of fLF C, oLF C and MaHF C to SOC was 8\u201313%, 1\u20137% and 90\u201391% respectively. Carbon and N in all fractions decreased with depth. The mineral associated C was significantly affected by stand age whilst the fLF and oLF were not. Conversion of depleted miombo woodlands to pine plantations yield better C gains in the short and long run whilst moist forest provide both carbon and biodiversity. Our results highlight the importance of considering forestry age based C pools in estimating C sink potential over a rotation and the possibility of considering conservation of existing natural forests as part of future REDD + projects.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Technology", "Economics", "vertical-distribution", "organic-carbon", "Soil Science", "natural resources management", "01 natural sciences", "630", "agroforestry", "forest floor", "storage", "land-use", "climate", "agriculture", "tropical forests", "2. Zero hunger", "tree plantations", "biomass", "forestry", "Production", "sequestration", "Agriculture-Farming", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "matter", "soil organic carbon", "13. Climate action", "pinus patula", "ne germany", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.11.024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.11.024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.11.024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.11.024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122668", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-11-15", "title": "Decadal Decline in Forest Floor Soil Organic Carbon after Clear-Cutting in Nordic and Canadian Forests", "description": "<p>Nordic and Canadian forests store substantial amounts of carbon (C) and are largely managed in a silvicultural system with clear-cut harvest. Previous meta-analyses of harvesting effects on soil C have shown short- to long-term declines after harvest, but effects of clear-cutting on boreal and northern temperate forest soil C stocks remain unresolved. We harmonized National Forest Soil Inventory (NFSI) data from Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway and Canada to examine soil C stocks up to 53 years following clear-cut harvest using a space-for-time approach. We analyzed forest floor and mineral soil C stocks in coniferous and deciduous/mixed forests. Coniferous forest floor C stocks decreased for \u223c30 years after clear-cutting: when at its lowest stock level, Picea and Pinus forest floor C stocks had decreased by 23 % and 14 % relative to initial stock levels, respectively. Picea forest floor C stocks then remained close to its lowest levels until 53 years after clear-cutting, while for Pinus-dominated forests they increased again and recovered to the pre-harvest level 48 years after clear-cutting. No C stock changes were detected in the 0\u201310 cm or 10\u201320 cm mineral soil layers, while a small increase in 55\u201365 cm mineral soil was detected in Podzol soils. Data was too limited to detect statistical signals of clear-cutting for deciduous/mixed forests. Our results shows that clear-cut harvest has substantial and long-lasting effects on northern temperate and boreal forest soil C storage, and that combining data from several NFSIs can help elucidate forest management effects on soil C storage.</p>", "keywords": ["Forest harvest", "Temperate", "National forest soil inventory", "Soil organic carbon", "Clear-cutting", "National forest inventory", "Boreal"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122668"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122668", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122668", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122668"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.01.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-18", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon (Soc) Dynamics With And Without Residue Incorporation In Relation To Different Nitrogen Fertilisation Rates", "description": "Abstract   Crop residue incorporation is recognised as a simple way to increase C input into the soil, with positive effects on C sequestration from the atmosphere. However, in some long-term experiments, a lack of response to soil C input levels has been observed as a consequence of saturation phenomena and/or interactions between C input and fertilisation.  This paper analyses the outcomes of a long-term experiment in north-eastern Italy that started in 1966 and is still ongoing, where residue incorporation is compared with residue removal, over a range of mineral N fertilisations.  A general decrease of SOC content was observed in the first 10\u00a0years of the experiment, followed by an approach to a steady state. However, SOC content differed markedly according to residue management and, in plots with residue incorporation, to N fertilisation. Considering 20\u00a0years as a compromise period for reaching a new equilibrium after a land-use change, the sequestration rate of residue incorporation in comparison with removal resulted as 0.17 t ha \u2212\u00a01  of C per year.  The measured data were then simulated with Century, a model based on first-order decomposition kinetic, to evaluate if the data could be interpreted by this kind of decomposition process. Model performances were good in most cases, but overestimated SOC decomposition in the more limiting situations for C and N inputs. A possible explanation is given for this behaviour, involving a feed-back effect of the microbial community.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil organic carbon; Residue incorporation; Nitrogen fertilisation; Century model; Feed-back effect"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.01.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.01.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.01.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.01.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.116862", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-27", "title": "Is the organic carbon-to-clay ratio a reliable indicator of soil health?", "description": "Climate action plans under the Paris Climate Agreement and other national commitments aimed at improving soil-based ecosystem services require the operational monitoring of soil carbon (C). The European Union is aiming to enhance soil health, and as part of the proposed Soil Monitoring Law, the European Commission recommends the monitoring of the soil C loss indicator among other soil health indicators. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of the proposed soil C loss indicator by assessing its performance using the EU-wide 2009 LUCAS soil survey data. The proposed indicator is the soil organic carbon (SOC) to clay ratio, with a threshold value of 1:13. The results are also compared with the C stock changes reported by countries to the climate convention (UNFCCC). Our results reveal that the variation in SOC and clay content at European scale exceeds that of the data used to develop the proposed indicator. We also found that the variation in the SOC content was influenced not only by clay content but also by climate and land-use reflecting C input levels. Therefore, the defined threshold is inadequate for detecting degraded soils if the SOC and clay content are beyond the conditions used to establish the criteria. Furthermore, major discrepancies were observed between the soil carbon stock changes reported by the national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories and the proportions of degraded soils identified by using the soil C loss indicator. We conclude that employing a single indicator such as SOC:Clay ratio with one threshold value for all soils across various land covers, management practices, and climatic conditions, as defined by the European Commission for the Soil Monitoring Law, is inappropriate for monitoring soil C loss.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "agricultural soil", "550", "Forest soil", " agricultural soil", "Science", "Q", "Soil organic carbon (SOC)", "Soil monitoring", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "SOC:Clay ratio", "15. Life on land", "forest soil", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "soil organic carbon", "13. Climate action", "soil monitoring", "LUCAS soil survey", "11. Sustainability", "soc:clay ratio", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "European mineral soils", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.116862"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.116862", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.116862", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.116862"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.10.022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-17", "title": "Soil Aggregation And Organic Carbon Protection In A No-Tillage Chronosequence Under Mediterranean Conditions", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon", "Soil aggregation", "Chronosequence", "No-tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Semiarid system"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.10.022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.10.022", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.10.022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.10.022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.06.025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-31", "title": "Land Use And Management Effects On Soil Organic Matter Fractions In Rhodic Ferralsols And Haplic Arenosols In Bindura And Shamva Districts Of Zimbabwe", "description": "Abstract   Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a major attribute of soil quality that responds to land management activities which is also important in the regulation of global carbon (C) cycling. This study evaluated bulk soil C and nitrogen (N) contents and C and N dynamics in three soil organic matter (SOM) fractions separated by density. The study was based on three tillage systems on farmer managed experiments (conventional tillage (CT), ripping (RP), direct seeding (DS)) and adjacent natural forest (NF) in Haplic Arenosols (sandy) and Rhodic Ferralsols (clayey) of Zimbabwe. Carbon stocks were significantly larger in forests than tillage systems, being significantly lower in sandy soils (15 and 14\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u2212\u00a01) than clayey soils (23 and 21\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u2212\u00a01) at 0\u201310 and 10\u201330\u00a0cm respectively. Nitrogen content followed the same trend. At the 0\u201310\u00a0cm depth, SOC stocks increased under CT, RP and DS by 0.10, 0.24, 0.36\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u2212\u00a01\u00a0yr\u2212\u00a01 and 0.76, 0.54, 0.10\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u2212\u00a01\u00a0yr\u2212\u00a01 on sandy and clayey soils respectively over a four year period while N stocks decreased by 0.55, 0.40, 0.56\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u2212\u00a01 and 0.63, 0.65, 0.55\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u2212\u00a01 respectively. SOM fractions were dominated by mineral associated heavy fraction (MaHF) which accounted for 86\u201393% and 94\u201398% on sandy and clayey soils respectively. Tillage systems on sandy soils had the smallest average free light fraction (fLF) and occluded light fraction (oLF) C stocks (25.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.3 g m\u2212\u00a02 and 7.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.2\u00a0g\u00a0m\u2212\u00a02) at 0\u201330\u00a0cm when compared with corresponding NF (58.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04 g\u00a0m2 and 18.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.0\u00a0g\u00a0m\u2212\u00a02). Clayey soils, had the opposite, having all fLF C and N in tillage systems being higher (80.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012\u00a0g\u00a0C m\u2212\u00a02 and 2.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.4\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u2212\u00a02) than NF (57.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.0\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u2212\u00a02 and 2.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.3\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u2212\u00a02). Results suggest that oLF and MaHF C and N are better protected under DS and RP where they are less vulnerable to mineralisation while fLF contributes more in CT. Thus, DS and RP can be important in maintaining and improving soil quality although their practicability can be hampered by unsupportive institutional frameworks. Under prevailing climatic and management conditions, improvement of residue retention could be a major factor that can distinguish the potential of different management practices for C sequestration. The exploitation of the benefits of RP or DS and the corresponding sustainability of systems need support for surface cover retention which should also be extended to conventional tillage.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "pools", "microbial biomass", "assessment", "no-tillage", "dynamics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "term changes", "carbon sequestration", "stabilization", "soil organic carbon", "conservation agriculture", "soil organic matter", "tillage", "impact", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "climate", "density fractions", "agriculture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.06.025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.06.025", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.06.025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.06.025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.08.022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-09-15", "title": "Early Drainage Mitigates Methane And Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Organically Amended Paddy Soils", "description": "Abstract   Elevated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly of methane (CH4) from flooded rice production systems contribute to global warming. Different crop management strategies, such as drainage of paddy soils and climate-smart residue management, are essential in order to mitigate GHG emissions from flooded rice systems, but they often conflict with practical management preferences.  The aim of this study was to assess the potential of early-season drainage for mitigating CH4 and N2O emissions from soils with and without added organic amendments in relation to native soil organic carbon (SOC). Rice plants were grown in pots under controlled conditions in a growth chamber with different treatments in a 2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02\u00a0\u00d7\u00a03 factorial design. The treatments included an arable soil with two different carbon levels: 1.4% (low carbon, [L]) and 2.2% (high carbon [H]); two water regimes: midseason drainage (M) and early plus midseason drainage (EM); and three nutrient treatments: one inorganic control (nitrogen fertiliser only [N]), and two organic: maize straw\u00a0+\u00a0N fertiliser (S) and maize compost\u00a0+\u00a0N fertiliser (C). An equal amount of mineral N fertiliser was applied in all treatments. Straw and compost were applied to the soils on the basis of an equivalent amount of C added in each organic treatment.  The results revealed rapid mineralization of organic C in the double-drained system, resulting in lower total CH4 emissions in treatments under early plus midseason drainage compared to those under midseason drainage only. Total CH4 emissions were reduced by 89% and 92% in the S\u00a0+\u00a0EM treatments in low C soils and high C soils respectively, as compared to S\u00a0+\u00a0M. The drainage effects on CH4 emissions from compost amendments were only significant in the low C soil, with a 61% reduction in EM compared to M drainage. N2O emissions from non-organic treatments in EM were 87% higher than in M under low C soils. The concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were higher in organic treatments and decreased by the end of growth period. This experiment demonstrated an interaction between water and straw management to achieve both sustainable soil quality and low-emission rice production.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "Soil organic carbon", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "GHG mitigation", "Nutrient management", "food security", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "soil organic carbon", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "climate change", "ghg mitigation", "nutrient management", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Early drainage", "early drainage", "agriculture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.08.022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.08.022", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.08.022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.08.022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114237", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-02-06", "title": "Model averaging for mapping topsoil organic carbon in France", "description": "Abstract   The soil organic carbon (SOC) pool is the largest terrestrial carbon (C) pool and is two to three times larger than the C stored in vegetation and the atmosphere. SOC is a crucial component within the C cycle, and an accurate baseline of SOC is required, especially for biogeochemical and earth system modelling. This baseline will allow better monitoring of SOC dynamics due to land use change and climate change. However, current estimates of SOC stock and its spatial distribution have large uncertainties. In this study, we test whether we can improve the accuracy of the three existing SOC maps of France obtained at national (IGCS), continental (LUCAS), and global (SoilGrids) scales using statistical model averaging approaches. Soil data from the French Soil Monitoring Network (RMQS) were used to calibrate and evaluate five model averaging approaches, i.e., Granger-Ramanathan, Bias-corrected Variance Weighted (BC-VW), Bayesian Modelling Averaging, Cubist and Residual-based Cubist. Cross-validation showed that with a calibration size larger than 100 observations, the five model averaging approaches performed better than individual SOC maps. The BC-VW approach performed best and is recommended for model averaging. Our results show that 200 calibration observations were an acceptable calibration strategy for model averaging in France, showing that a fairly small number of spatially stratified observations (sampling density of 1 sample per 2500\u00a0km2) provides sufficient calibration data. We also tested the use of model averaging in data-poor situations by reproducing national SOC maps using various sized subsets of the IGCS dataset for model calibration. The results show that model averaging always performs better than the national SOC map. However, the Modelling Efficiency dropped substantially when the national SOC map was excluded in model averaging. This indicates the necessity of including a national SOC map for model averaging, even if produced with a small dataset (i.e., 200 samples). This study provides a reference for data-poor countries to improve national SOC maps using existing continental and global SOC maps.", "keywords": ["Soil organic carbon", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "cartographie num\u00e9rique des sols", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Data-poor countries", "cartographie num\u00e9rique du sol", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "soil sciences", "sciences du sol", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Digital soil mapping", "Sample size requirement", "13. Climate action", "Bias-corrected Variance Weighted", "carbone organique du sol", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hal.science/hal-02473703/file/revised%20accepted%20version%20Chen%20et%20al.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114237"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114237", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114237", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114237"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116102", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-19", "title": "Data mining of urban soil spectral library for estimating organic carbon", "description": "Accurate quantification of urban soil organic carbon (SOC) is essential for understanding anthropogenic changes and further guiding effective city managements. Visible and near infrared (vis\u2013NIR) spectroscopy can monitor the SOC content in a time- and cost-effective manner. However, processes and mechanisms dominating the relationships between SOC and spectral data in urban soils remain unknown. The main objective of this paper was to evaluate whether multiple stratification strategies (i.e., based on land-use/land-cover [LULC], pH, and spectral clustering) resulted in better predicted performance for SOC compared to the non-stratified (global) models. Results showed that regarding the non-stratified models, the convolutional neural network (CNN) model exhibited the best performance (validation R<sup>2 </sup>= 0.73), followed by Cubist (validation R<sup>2</sup> = 0.66) and memorybased learning (validation R<sup>2</sup> = 0.65). After LULC stratification, Cubist model achieved the best prediction (validation R<sup>2</sup> = 0.76), improving the value of ratio of performance to interquartile distance by 0.11 compared to the global CNN model. Areas with high SOC values were mainly located in the city center. Stratification by LULC class is a promising strategy for addressing the impact of the soil-landscape diversity and complexity on vis\u2013NIR spectral estimation of SOC in urban soil spectral library.", "keywords": ["Urban soil", "Stratified modeling", "13. Climate action", "Soil organic carbon", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Deep learning", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil spectral library"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116102"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116102", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116102", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116102"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.03.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-04-22", "title": "Changes In Soil Organic Carbon And Other Physical Soil Properties Along Adjacent Mediterranean Forest, Grassland, And Cropland Ecosystems In Turkey", "description": "Abstract   Cultivation, overgrazing, and overharvesting are seriously degrading forest and grassland ecosystems in the Taurus Mountains of the southern Mediterranean region of Turkey. This study investigated the effects of changes on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and other physical soil properties over a 12-year period in three adjacent ecosystems in a Mediterranean plateau. The ecosystems were cropland (converted from grasslands in 1990), open forest, and grassland. Soil samples from two depths, 0\u201310 and 10\u201320\u00a0cm, were collected for chemical and physical analyses at each of cropland, open forest, and grassland ecosystems. SOC pools at the 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth of cropland, forest, and grassland ecosystems were estimated at 32,636, 56,480, and 57,317\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121, respectively. Conversion of grassland into cropland during the 12-year period increased the bulk density by 10.5% and soil erodibility by 46.2%; it decreased SOM by 48.8%, SOC content by 43%, available water capacity (AWC) by 30.5%, and total porosity by 9.1% for the 0\u201320\u00a0cm soil depth (p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Land cover", "Mediterranean plateau", "Soil organic carbon", "13. Climate action", "Land use", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Environmental degradation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.03.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Arid%20Environments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.03.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.03.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.03.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.10.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-12-20", "title": "Biogeochemical And Ecological Impacts Of Livestock Grazing In Semi-Arid Southeastern Utah, Usa", "description": "Abstract   Relatively few studies have examined the ecological and biogeochemical effects of livestock grazing in southeastern Utah. In this study, we evaluated how grazing has affected soil organic carbon and nitrogen to a depth of 50\u00a0cm in grasslands located in relict and actively-grazed sites in the Canyonlands physiographic section of the Colorado Plateau. We also evaluated differences in plant ground cover and the spatial distribution of soil resources. Results show that areas used by domestic livestock have 20% less plant cover and 100% less soil organic carbon and nitrogen compared to relict sites browsed by native ungulates. In actively grazed sites, domestic livestock grazing also appears to lead to clustered, rather than random, spatial distribution of soil resources. Magnetic susceptibility, a proxy for soil stability in this region, suggests that grazing increases soil erosion leading to an increase in the area of nutrient-depleted bare ground. Overall, these results, combined with previous studies in the region, suggest that livestock grazing affects both plant cover and soil fertility with potential long-term implications for the sustainability of grazing operations in this semi-arid landscape.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "availability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "desertification", "15. Life on land", "soil microbial biomass", "soil organic carbon", "shrub-steppe ecosystem", "magnetic ssceptibility", "vegetation", "13. Climate action", "Natural Resources and Conservation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.10.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Arid%20Environments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.10.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.10.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.10.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.04.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-12", "title": "Rangeland Management Effects On Soil Properties In The Savanna Biome, South Africa: A Case Study Along Grazing Gradients In Communal And Commercial Farms", "description": "Although the savanna biome of South Africa is a major resource for rangeland management, little is known about how differences in rangeland management systems affect soil properties in such biomes. Near to Kuruman, commercial farms have practiced rotational grazing for decades. In communal areas of former homeland Bophuthatswana, similar strategies were used prior to 1994. Nowadays, a continuous grazing system is common. We hypothesized that these changes in management affected soil properties. To test this, we sampled soils at communal and commercial land along a gradient with increasing distance to water points. The results revealed that communal systems with continuous grazing showed enlarged spatial gradients. The soils were depleted in most nutrients close to the water relative to those of commercial systems. In contrast, as the distance to the water increased, the nutrient stocks of these communal systems were higher. Changes in soil nutrient stocks were related to a zone of increased bush encroachment (up to 25%). Specific analyses (phosphorus fractions, particulate organic carbon, \u03b413C) confirmed that the soils of the communal grazing systems benefited from the shift of grass-dominated to bush-dominated system with woody Acacia vegetation, while the rangeland degraded in the sense that it lost palatable grass species.", "keywords": ["Continuous grazing", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Rotational grazing", "Soil organic carbon", "Isotopic composition", "Rangeland management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Plant nutrients", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Bush encroachment", "Phosphorus fractions"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.04.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Arid%20Environments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.04.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.04.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.04.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121922", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-04", "title": "The influence of nutrient management on soil organic carbon storage, crop production, and yield stability varies under different climates", "description": "Abstract   Our understanding on how soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, crop yield, and yield stability are influenced by climate is limited. To critically examine this, the impact of long-term (\u226510 years) application of nutrient management practices on SOC storage, crop productivity, and yield stability were evaluated under different climatic conditions in China using a meta-analysis approach. The cropping area of China was divided into four distinct groups based on local climatic conditions (warm dry, DW; warm moist, WM; cool dry, CD; cool moist, CM). Results indicated that the impact of nutrient management practices on SOC storage, crop yield, and yield stability varies under different climatic zone in China. The use of unbalanced mineral fertilizer (UMF), and balanced mineral fertilizer (BMF) led to a loss in SOC storage by 6%, and 11% under CM climatic zone and gains in DW, WM, and CD climates. Organic fertilizers (OF), combined unbalanced mineral and organic fertilizers (UMOF), and combined balanced mineral and organic fertilizers (BMOF) were able to sustain and enhance SOC storage under all climatic conditions. However, the largest increase in SOC storage across all climates was seen for BMOF. Further, corresponding values of crop productivity and yield stability were also highest for BMOF among all the nutrient management treatments. A linear-plateau model indicated that maximal yield responsive SOC stock (Copt) levels ranged from 33.43 to 45.51\u00a0Mg\u00a0C ha\u22121 for rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), and wheat (Triticum aestivum) production. To enhance and sustain SOC storage, and crop productivity of croplands under different climates, BMOF appears to be the most appropriate nutrient management strategy. Our findings demonstrate that it is essential to optimize nutrient management strategies according to the local climate to protect soil from SOC losses, and for achieving sustainable crop production.", "keywords": ["Yield stability", "AGRICULTURE", "550", "INCREASES", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "Strategy and Management", "SEQUESTRATION", "CHINA", "Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "QH301", "Critical level", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Climate change", "SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "Renewable Energy", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "General Environmental Science", "2. Zero hunger", "Sustainability and the Environment", "Crop yields", "Soil organic carbon", "PADDY FIELDS", "Nutrient management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "NITROGEN", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "STRAW", "LONG-TERM FERTILIZATION", "MATTER"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121922"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Cleaner%20Production", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121922", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121922", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121922"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.01.033", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-29", "title": "Variations Of Organic Carbon Stock In Reclaimed Estuarine Soils (Villaviciosa Estuary, Nw Spain)", "description": "A study was carried out in the Villaviciosa Estuary (Asturias, NW Spain) to determine the effects of polderization on soil properties and soil organic carbon content. The results showed that the polderized soils were more acidic and contained less carbonates and a higher soil organic carbon (SOC) content than the natural soils. The organic carbon stock in the reclaimed soils ranged from 83.2 to 91.8 t ha(-1), whereas in natural soils was approximately 43.7 t ha(-1). The degree of humification of the surface humic acids also indicated that the stability and degree of decomposition of the organic matter was higher in the reclaimed soils than in natural soils.", "keywords": ["Polderization", "Soil organic carbon", "Soil ripening", "Estuary", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.01.033"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.01.033", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.01.033", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.01.033"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.107", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-01-09", "title": "Partitioning Of Carbon Sources Among Functional Pools To Investigate Short-Term Priming Effects Of Biochar In Soil: A C-13 Study", "description": "Biochar sequesters carbon (C) in soils because of its prolonged residence time, ranging from several years to millennia. In addition, biochar can promote indirect C-sequestration by increasing crop yield while, potentially, reducing C-mineralization. This laboratory study was set up to evaluate effects of biochar on C-mineralization with due attention to source appointment by using (13)C isotope signatures. An arable soil (S) (7.9 g organic C, OC kg(-1)) was amended (single dose of 10 g kg(-1) soil) with dried, grinded maize stover (leaves and stalks), either natural (R) or (13)C enriched (R*), and/or biochar (B/B*) prepared from the maize stover residues (450 \u00b0C). Accordingly, seven different combinations were set up (S, SR, SB, SR*, SB*, SRB*, SR*B) to trace the source of C in CO2 (180 days), dissolved organic-C (115 days) and OC in soil aggregate fractions (90 days). The application of biochar to soil reduced the mineralization of native soil organic C but the effect on maize stover-C mineralization was not consistent. Biochar application decreased the mineralization of the non-enriched maize stover after 90 days, this being consistent with a significant reduction of dissolved organic C concentration from 45 to 18 mg L(-1). However, no significant effect was observed for the enriched maize stover, presumably due to differences between the natural and enriched materials. The combined addition of biochar and enriched maize stover significantly increased (twofold) the presence of native soil organic C or maize derived C in the free microaggregate fraction relative to soil added only with stover. Although consistent effects among C sources and biochar materials remains elusive, our outcomes indicate that some biochar products can reduce mineralization and solubilization of other sources of C while promoting their physical protection in soil particles.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "Soil organic carbon", "Stable Isotopes", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "2311 Waste Management and Disposal", "Biochar", "2305 Environmental Engineering", "Priming", "2304 Environmental Chemistry", "2310 Pollution", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil aggregates"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.107"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.107", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.107", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.107"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.060", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-09", "title": "Biochar, soil and land-use interactions that reduce nitrate leaching and N2O emissions: A meta-analysis", "description": "Biochar can reduce both nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and nitrate (NO3-) leaching, but refining biochar's use for estimating these types of losses remains elusive. For example, biochar properties such as ash content and labile organic compounds may induce transient effects that alter N-based losses. Thus, the aim of this meta-analysis was to assess interactions between biochar-induced effects on N2O emissions and NO3- retention, regarding the duration of experiments as well as soil and land use properties. Data were compiled from 88 peer-reviewed publications resulting in 608 observations up to May 2016 and corresponding response ratios were used to perform a random effects meta-analysis, testing biochar's impact on cumulative N2O emissions, soil NO3- concentrations and leaching in temperate, semi-arid, sub-tropical, and tropical climate. The overall N2O emissions reduction was 38%, but N2O emission reductions tended to be negligible after one year. Overall, soil NO3- concentrations remained unaffected while NO3- leaching was reduced by 13% with biochar; greater leaching reductions (>26%) occurred over longer experimental times (i.e. >30\u202fdays). Biochar had the strongest N2O-emission reducing effect in paddy soils (Anthrosols) and sandy soils (Arenosols). The use of biochar reduced both N2O emissions and NO3- leaching in arable farming and horticulture, but it did not affect these losses in grasslands and perennial crops. In conclusion, the time-dependent impact on N2O emissions and NO3- leaching is a crucial factor that needs to be considered in order to develop and test resilient and sustainable biochar-based N loss mitigation strategies. Our results provide a valuable starting point for future biochar-based N loss mitigation studies.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nitrous oxide", "land use", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrification", "nitrogen", "6. Clean water", "soil organic carbon", "fertilization", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.060"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.060", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.060", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.060"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-04-24", "title": "Soil Carbon Turnover And Sequestration In Native Subtropical Tree Plantations", "description": "Approximately 30% of global soil organic carbon (SOC) is stored in subtropical and tropical ecosystems but it is being rapidly lost due to continuous deforestation. Tree plantations are advocated as a C sink, however, little is known about rates of C turnover and sequestration into soil organic matter under subtropical and tropical tree plantations. We studied changes in SOC in a chronosequence of hoop pine (Araucaria cwunninghamii) plantations established on former rainforest sites in seasonally dry subtropical Australia. SOC, delta C-13, and light fraction organic C (LF C < 1.6 g cm(-3)) Were determined in plantations, secondary rainforest and pasture. We calculated loss of rainforest SOC after clearing for pasture using an isotope mixing model, and used the decay rate of rainforest-derived C to predict input of hoop pine-derived C into the soil. Total SOC stocks to 100 cm depth were significantly (P < 0.01) higher under rainforest (241 t ha(-1)) and pasture (254 t ha(-1)) compared to hoop pine (176-211 t ha(-1)). We calculated that SOC derived from hoop pine inputs ranged from 32% (25 year plantation) to 61% (63 year plantation) of total SOC in the 0-30 cm soil layer, but below 30 cm all C originated from rainforest. These results were compared to simulations made by the Century soil organic matter model. The Century model Simulations showed that lower C stocks under hoop pine plantations were due to reduced C inputs to the slow turnover C pool, such that this pool only recovers to within 45% of the original rainforest C pool after 63 years. This may indicate differences in soil C stabilization mechanisms under hoop pine plantations compared with rainforest and pasture. These results demonstrate that subtropical hoop pine plantations do not rapidly sequester SOC into long-term storage pools, and that alternative plantation systems may need to be investigated to achieve greater soil C sequestration. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["Araucaria", "C-13", "Soil Science", "Land-use Change", "Storage", "Puerto-rico", "Century model", "01 natural sciences", "C1", "light fraction carbon", "Pasture", "300103 Soil Chemistry", "Southern Queensland", "Rain-forest", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "tree plantations", "Organic-matter Dynamics", "770702 Land and water management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Long-term Trends", "carbon sequestration", "soil organic carbon", "Forest Conversion", "Continuous Cultivation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-07-23", "title": "Mycorrhizal association controls soil carbon-degrading enzyme activities and soil carbon dynamics under nitrogen addition: A systematic review", "description": "Recent evidence suggests that changes in carbon-degrading extracellular enzyme activities (C-EEAs) can help explain soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics under nitrogen (N) addition. However, the factors controlling C-EEAs remain unclear, impeding the inclusion of microbial mechanisms in global C cycle models. Using meta-analysis, we show that the responses of C-EEAs to N addition were best explained by mycorrhizal association across a wide range of environmental and experimental factors. In ectomycorrhizal (ECM) dominated ecosystems, N addition suppressed C-EEAs targeting the decomposition of structurally complex macromolecules by 13.1\u00a0%, and increased SOC stocks by 5.2\u00a0%. In contrast, N addition did not affect C-EEAs and SOC stocks in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) dominated ecosystems. Our results indicate that earlier studies may have overestimated SOC changes under N addition in AM-dominated ecosystems and underestimated SOC changes in ECM-dominated ecosystems. Incorporating this mycorrhizal-dependent impact of EEAs on SOC dynamics into Earth system models could improve predictions of SOC dynamics under environmental changes.", "keywords": ["Free-living decomposers", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon", "Nitrogen", "Nitrogen availability", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Carbon Cycle", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Mycorrhizae", "Soil extracellular enzyme", "Mycorrhizal fungi", "Soil Microbiology", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-08", "title": "Soil extracellular enzyme activities, soil carbon and nitrogen storage under nitrogen fertilization: A meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract   Nitrogen (N) fertilization affects the rate of soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition by regulating extracellular enzyme activities (EEA). Extracellular enzymes have not been represented in global biogeochemical models. Understanding the relationships among EEA and SOC, soil N (TN), and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) under N fertilization would enable modeling of the influence of EEA on SOC decomposition. Based on 65 published studies, we synthesized the activities of \u03b1-1,4-glucosidase (AG), \u03b2-1,4-glucosidase (BG), \u03b2- d -cellobiosidase (CBH), \u03b2-1,4-xylosidase (BX), \u03b2-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG), leucine amino peptidase (LAP), urease (UREA), acid phosphatase (AP), phenol oxidase (PHO), and peroxidase (PEO) in response to N fertilization. The proxy variables for hydrolytic C acquisition enzymes (C-acq), N acquisition (N-acq), and oxidative decomposition (OX) were calculated as the sum of AG, BG, CBH and BX; AG and LAP; PHO and PEO, respectively. The relationships between response ratios (RRs) of EEA and SOC, TN, or MBC were explored when they were reported simultaneously. Results showed that N fertilization significantly increased CBH, C-acq, AP, BX, BG, AG, and UREA activities by 6.4, 9.1, 10.6, 11.0, 11.2, 12.0, and 18.6%, but decreased PEO, OX and PHO by 6.1, 7.9 and 11.1%, respectively. N fertilization enhanced SOC and TN by 7.6% and 15.3%, respectively, but inhibited MBC by 9.5%. Significant positive correlations were found only between the RRs of C-acq and MBC, suggesting that changes in combined hydrolase activities might act as a proxy for MBC under N fertilization. In contrast with other variables, the RRs of AP, MBC, and TN showed unidirectional trends under different edaphic, environmental, and physiological conditions. Our results provide the first comprehensive set of evidence of how hydrolase and oxidase activities respond to N fertilization in various ecosystems. Future large-scale model projections could incorporate the observed relationship between hydrolases and microbial biomass as a proxy for C acquisition under global N enrichment scenarios in different ecosystems.", "keywords": ["LITTER", "570", "Science & Technology", "MICROBIAL COMMUNITY", "Microbial Biomass Carbon (Mbc)", "Soil Science", "610", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "FOREST", "Meta-analysis", "Nitrogen Fertilization", "METHANE OXIDATION", "ECOSYSTEM", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Organic Carbon (Soc)", "ECOENZYMATIC STOICHIOMETRY", "DEPOSITION", "ELEVATED CO2", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "Extracellular Enzyme Activities (Eea)", "GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE", "RESPONSES"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.01.024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-02", "title": "Nitrogen And Phosphorus Supply Controls Soil Organic Carbon Mineralization In Tropical Topsoil And Subsoil", "description": "Nitrogen (N) deposition to soils is globally rising, but its effect on soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover is still uncertain. Moreover, common theories of stoichiometric decomposition and microbial N mining predict opposing effects of N supply on SOC turnover. We hypothesized that the effect of N deposition on SOC turnover depends on initial soil nutrient conditions. Thus, we sampled tropical forests and rubber gardens with pronounced gradients of nutrient availability from the topsoil to the deep subsoil (up to 400 cm) and measured substrate-induced respiration (SIR) for 30 days in four treatments (C, CN, CP, CNP additions). A natural 13C abundance approach was conducted to quantify priming effects (PE) of the added C on SOC mineralization. For this purpose we assessed the 13CO2 isotope composition after adding a C4 sugar to the C3 soil; to correct for isotopic fractionation a treatment with C3 sugar additions served as control. We found that nutrient additions to topsoil did neither alter cumulative CO2 release within 30 days (SIRacc) nor PE (PE = 1.6, i.e., sugar additions raised the release of SOC-derived CO2 by a factor of 1.6). In the upper subsoil (30-100 cm), however, both CN and CP additions increased SIRacc (by 239% and 92%, respectively) and the PE (PE = 5.2 and 3.3, respectively) relative to the treatments that received C only (PE = 1.7), while CNP additions revealed the largest increase of SIRacc (267%) and PE (PE = 6.0). In the deep subsoil (>130 cm depth), only the CNP addition consistently increased SIRacc (by 871%) and PE (PE = 5.2) relative to only C additions (PE = 2.0). We conclude that microbial activity was not limited by nutrients in the topsoil but was co-limited by both N and P in the subsoil. The results imply that microbes mine nutrients from previously unavailable pools under the conditions that 1) deficiency actually exists, 2) co-limitation is alleviated, and 3) nutrient reserves are present. Yet, as opposed to microbial nutrient mining theories, we showed that the subsoil PE is highest when nutrient supply matches microbial demand. As a result also N deposition might exert variable effects on SOC turnover in tropical soils: it might have no effect in nutrient-rich topsoils and in co-limited subsoils without P reserves but might increase SOC turnover in co-limited subsoils with potentially acquirable P reserves.", "keywords": ["soil organic carbon", "2. Zero hunger", "microbiology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "phosphorus", "15. Life on land", "nitrogen", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.01.024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.01.024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.01.024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.01.024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108466", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-11-03", "title": "Improved global-scale predictions of soil carbon stocks with Millennial Version 2", "description": "Abstract   Soil carbon (C) models are used to predict C sequestration responses to climate and land use change. Yet, the soil models embedded in Earth system models typically do not represent processes that reflect our current understanding of soil C cycling, such as microbial decomposition, mineral association, and aggregation. Rather, they rely on conceptual pools with turnover times that are fit to bulk C stocks and/or fluxes. As measurements of soil fractions become increasingly available, it is necessary for soil C models to represent these measurable quantities so that model processes can be evaluated more accurately. Here we present Version 2 (V2) of the Millennial model, a soil model developed to simulate C pools that can be measured by extraction or fractionation, including particulate organic C, mineral-associated organic C, aggregate C, microbial biomass, and low molecular weight C. Model processes have been updated to reflect the current understanding of mineral-association, temperature sensitivity and reaction kinetics, and different model structures were tested within an open-source framework. We evaluated the ability of Millennial V2 to simulate total soil organic C (SOC), as well as the mineral-associated and particulate fractions, using three independent data sets of soil fractionation measurements spanning a range of climate and geochemistry in Australia (N\u00a0=\u00a0495), Europe (N\u00a0=\u00a0175), and across the globe (N\u00a0=\u00a0659). When using all the data together (N\u00a0=\u00a01329), the Millennial V2 model predicted SOC (RMSE\u00a0=\u00a03.3\u00a0kg\u00a0C m\u22122, AIC\u00a0=\u00a0675,      R   i  n   2     \u00a0=\u00a00.31,      R   o  u  t   2     \u00a0=\u00a00.26) better than the widely-used first-order decomposition model Century (RMSE\u00a0=\u00a03.4\u00a0kg\u00a0C m\u22122, AIC\u00a0=\u00a0696,      R   i  n   2     \u00a0=\u00a00.21,      R   o  u  t   2     \u00a0=\u00a00.18) across sites, despite the fact that Millennial V2 has an increase in process complexity and number of parameters compared to Century. Millennial V2 also reproduced the observed fraction of C in MAOM and larger particle size fractions for most latitudes and biomes, and allows for a more detailed understanding of the pools and processes that affect model performance. It is important to note that this study evaluates the spatial variation in C stock only, and that the temporal dynamics of Millennial V2 remain to be tested. The Millennial V2 model updates the conceptual Century model pools and processes and represents our current understanding of the roles that microbial activity, mineral association and aggregation play in soil C sequestration.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "550", "Mineral association", "Atmosphere", "Soil organic carbon stocks", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "15. Life on land", "551", "Microbial decomposition", "01 natural sciences", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "13. Climate action", "Soil carbon modeling", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108466"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108466", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108466", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108466"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-27", "title": "Long-Term Impact Of Reduced Tillage And Residue Management On Soil Carbon Stabilization: Implications For Conservation Agriculture On Contrasting Soils", "description": "Residue retention and reduced tillage are both conservation agricultural management options that may enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization in tropical soils. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of long-term tillage and residue management on SOC dynamics in a Chromic Luvisol (red clay soil) and Areni-Gleyic Luvisol (sandy soil) in Zimbabwe. At the time of sampling the soils had been under conventional tillage (CT), mulch ripping (MR), clean ripping (CR) and tied ridging (TR) for 9 years. Soil was fully dispersed and separated into 212\u20132000 mm (coarse sand), 53\u2013212 mm (fine sand), 20\u201353 mm (coarse silt), 5\u201320 mm (fine silt) and 0\u20135 mm (clay) size fractions. The whole soil and size fractions were analyzed for C content. Conventional tillage treatments had the least amount of SOC, with 14.9 mg C g \ufffd 1 soil and 4.2 mg C g \ufffd 1 soil for the red clay and sandy soils, respectively. The highest SOC content was 6.8 mg C g \ufffd 1 soil in the sandy soil under MR, whereas for the red clay soil, TR had the highest SOC content of 20.4 mg C g \ufffd 1 soil. Organic C in the size fractions increased with decreasing size of the fractions. In both soils, the smallest response to management was observed in the clay size fractions, confirming that this size fraction is the most stable. The coarse sand-size fraction was most responsive to management in the sandy soil where MR had 42% more organic C than CR, suggesting that SOC contents of this fraction are predominantly controlled by amounts of C input. In contrast, the fine sand fraction was the most responsive fraction in the red clay soil with a 66% greater C content in the TR than CT. This result suggests that tillage disturbance is the dominant factor reducing C stabilization in a clayey soil, probably by reducing C stabilization within microaggregates. In conclusion, developing viable conservation agriculture practices to optimize SOC contents and long-term agroecosystem sustainability should prioritize the maintenance of C inputs (e.g. residue retention) to coarse textured soils, but should focus on the reduction of SOC decomposition (e.g. through reduced tillage) in fine textured soils. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["organic-matter dynamics", "Soil management", "Conservation agriculture", "Residue management", "no-tillage", "continuous cultivation", "sudano-sahelian conditions", "loam soil", "Tropical agroecosystems", "Tillage", "Agricultural ecosystems", "conventional-tillage", "Field Scale", "Conservation tillage", "2. Zero hunger", "Tropical zones", "Soil organic matter", "microbial biomass", "Particulate organic matter (pom)", "Soil organic carbon", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "crop residue", "fractions", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "manure application"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.08.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.08.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.01.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-11", "title": "Effect Of Water Erosion And Cultivation On The Soil Carbon Stock In A Semiarid Area Of South-East Spain", "description": "Open AccessAn experiment to evaluate the impact of water erosion and cultivation on the soil carbon dynamic and carbon stock in a semiarid area of South-East Spain was carried out. The study was performed under three different land use scenarios: (1) forest; (2) abandoned agricultural field; and (3) non-irrigated olive grove. Experimental erosion plots (in olive grove and forest) and sediment traps (in the abandoned area) were used to determine the carbon pools associated with sediments and runoff after each event occurring between September 2005 and November 2006. Change in land use from forest to cultivated enhanced the risk of erosion (total soil loss in olive cropland seven-fold higher than in the forest area) and reduced the soil carbon stock (in the top 5 cm) by about 50%. Mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC) represented the main C pool in the three study areas although its contribution to soil organic carbon (SOC) was significantly higher in the disturbed areas (78.91 \u00b1 1.81% and 77.29 \u00b1 1.21% for abandoned and olive area, respectively) than in the forest area (66.05 \u00b1 3.11%). In both, the olive and abandoned soils, the reduction in particulate organic carbon (POC) was proportionally greater than the decline in MOC. The higher degree of sediment production in the olive cropland had an important consequence in terms of the carbon losses induced by erosion compared to the abandoned and forest plots. Thus, the total OC lost by erosion in the sediments was around three times higher in the cultivated (5.12 g C m\u22122) than the forest plot (1.77 g C m\u22122). The abandoned area displayed similar OC losses as a result of erosion as the forest plot (in the measurement period: 2.07 g C m\u22122, 0.63 g C m\u22122 and 0.65 g C m\u22122 for olive, forest and abandoned area, respectively). MOC represented the highest percentage of contribution to total sediment OC for all the events analysed and in all uses being, in general these values higher in Olive (74\u201390%) than in the other two areas (55\u201380%). The organic carbon lost was basically linked to the solid phase in the three land uses, although the contribution of DOC to total carbon loss by erosion varied widely with each event. Data from this study show that the more labile OC fraction (POC) lost in soil in the cultivated area was mainly due to the effect of cultivation (low overall biomass production and residue return together with high C mineralization) rather than to water erosion, given that the major part of the OC lost in sediments was in the form of MOC.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Erosion", "Soil organic carbon", "13. Climate action", "Semi-arid areas", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Particulate organic carbon", "Eroded organic carbon"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.01.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.01.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.01.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.01.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2009.05.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-18", "title": "Effect Of Long-Term Conservation Tillage On Soil Biochemical Properties In Mediterranean Spanish Areas", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["Soil microbial biomass carbon", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon", "Semi-arid areas", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil enzymatic activities", "15. Life on land", "Soil tillage", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.05.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2009.05.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2009.05.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2009.05.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13993045", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:23:26Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "SERENA EJPSOIL BE Flanders SOCLOSS SOC 0-20cm cookbook", "description": "Open AccessThe internal EJP SOIL project SERENA contributed to the evaluation of soil multifunctionality aiming at providing assessment tools for land planning and soil policies at different scales. By co-working with relevant\u00a0stakeholders, the project provided co-developed indicators and associated cookbooks to assess and map them, to report both on soil degradation, soil-based ecosystem services and their bundles, under actual conditions and for climate and land-use changes, at\u00a0the regional, national, and European scales.  This SERENA dataset (100 m resolution) of soil orgnanic carbon concentration (0-20 cm soil layer) for Flanders was mainly produced to test the methodology of the SERENA SOC LOSS cookbook of the European SERENA EJP SOIL project. The data was prepared according to the methodology of SERENA SOC LOSS cookbook. The objective of SERENA project was to develop methods to calculate and map soil-based ecosystem services and soil threats. Soil organic carbon concentration was used as an indicator for soil organic carbon loss (ST). The map was based on digital soil mapping according to the method used in the EJP SOIL project WP6: Digital soil mapping approach with random forest using ISRIC workflow seedling. To create the soil organic carbon concentration map, we used soil organic carbon data of the regional soil organic carbon monitoring network Cmon in Flanders (0-10 and 10-30 cm soil layer) from the period 2021-2024. The soil organic carbon concentration of the 0-20 cm was derived from the 0-10 and 10-30 cm Cmon data. The following auxiliary data was used: Digitale bodemkaart van het Vlaams Gewest: bodemtypes; Regional climate data; Landgebruik - Vlaanderen - toestand 2022; Tertiair geologische kaart (1/50.000); Bodembedekkingskaart (BBK), 1m resolutie, opname 2021; WRB Soil Units 40k: Bodemkaart van het Vlaamse Gewest volgens het internationale bodemclassificatiesysteem World Reference Base op schaal 1:40.000; Digitaal Hoogtemodel Vlaanderen II, DSM, raster, 1 m. The dataset will be mostly useful as a reference result for actors that want to learn to implement the part of the soil organic carbon loss cookbook of SERENA dealing with the creation of a SOC concentration map. It can have limited use as an interim SOC concentration map for Flanders until a better map becomes available using an optimised methodology and/or new data from the regional soil organic carbon monitoring network that was not yet available when this map was created.  This dataset is originally hosted at DOV (https://www.dov.vlaanderen.be/), for the most up to date version of the dataset access the data from the DOV repository through the DOV services. The original metdata is accesible through the DOV metadata catalog: SERENA EJPSOIL BE Flanders SOC 0-20cm cookbook.  The DOV services:    WMS ( OGC:WMS-1.3.0-http-get-map )\u00a0  WCS ( OGC:WCS )", "keywords": ["Soil organic carbon concentration", "Belgium", "D3.3/ WP3/ Task 3.2", "EJPSOIL", "SERENA project", "Flanders", "SOC", "SOCLOSS", "Grant n 862695", "Digital Soil Mapping"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Oorts, Katrien, Josipovic, Davor, Luts, Dries, Salomez, Joost,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13993045"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13993045", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13993045", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13993045"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.03.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-24", "title": "No-Tillage Increases Soil Profile Carbon And Nitrogen Under Long-Term Rainfed Cropping Systems", "description": "Abstract   Emphasis and interest in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage (sequestration) in soils has greatly increased in the last few years, especially C with its\u2019 potential to help alleviate or offset some of the negative effects of the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Several questions still exist with regard to what management practices optimize C storage in the soil profile. A long-term rainfed study conducted in eastern Nebraska provided the opportunity to determine both the effects of different tillage treatments and cropping systems on soil N and soil organic C (SOC) levels throughout the soil profile. The study included six primary tillage systems (chisel, disk, plow, no-till, ridge-till, and subtill) with three cropping systems [continuous corn (CC), continuous soybean (CSB), and soybean-corn (SB-C)]. Soil samples were collected to a depth of 150-cm in depth increments of 0\u201315-, 15\u201330-, 15\u201330-, 30\u201360-, 60\u201390-, 90\u2013120-, and 120\u2013150-cm increments and composited by depth in the fall of 1999 after harvest and analyzed for total N and SOC. Significant differences in total N and SOC levels were obtained between tillage treatments and cropping systems in both surface depths of 0\u201315-, 15\u201330-cm, but also in the 30\u201360-cm depth. Total N and SOC accumulations throughout the profile (both calculated by depth and for equivalent masses of soil) were significantly affected by both tillage treatment and cropping system, with those in no-till the greatest among tillage treatments and those in CC the greatest among cropping systems. Soil N and SOC levels were increased at deeper depths in the profile, especially in those tillage systems with the least amount of soil disturbance. Most significant was the fact that soil N and SOC was sequestered deeper in the profile, which would strongly suggest that N and C at these depths would be less likely to be lost if the soil was tilled.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil nitrogen", "Soil organic carbon", "Cropping systems", "Plant Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "Tillage"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Varvel, Gary E., Wilhelm, Wallace,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.03.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.03.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.03.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.03.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.05.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-24", "title": "Long-Term Effect Of Tillage, Nitrogen Fertilization And Cover Crops On Soil Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen Content", "description": "Abstract   No-tillage, N fertilization and cover crops are known to play an important role in conserving or increasing SOC and STN but the effects of their interactions are less known.  In order to evaluate the single and combined effects of these techniques on SOC and STN content under Mediterranean climate, a long term experiment started in 1993 on a loam soil (Typic Xerofluvent) in Central Italy.  The experimental variants are: conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT), four N fertilization rates (N0, N1, N2 and N3) and four soil cover crop (CC) types (C \u2013 no cover crop; NL \u2013 non-legume CC; LNL \u2013 low nitrogen supply legume CC, and HNL \u2013 high nitrogen supply legume CC).  The nitrogen fertilization rates (N0, N1, N2 and N3) were: 0, 100, 200, 300\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  for maize ( Zea mays,  L.); 0, 60, 120,180\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0a \u22121  for durum wheat ( Triticum durum   Desf. ); 0, 50, 100, 150\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  for sunflower ( Helianthus annuus  L.).  From 1993 to 2008, under the NT system the SOC and STN content in the top 30\u00a0cm soil depth increased by 0.61 and 0.04\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  respectively. In the same period, the SOC and STN content under the CT system decreased by a rate of 0.06 and 0.04\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  respectively.  During the experimental period, N1, N2 and N3 increased the SOC content in the 0\u201330\u00a0cm soil layer at a rate of 0.14, 0.45 and 0.49\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 . Only the higher N fertilization levels (N2 and N3) increased STN content, at a rate of 0.03 and 0.05\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 .  NL, LNL and HNL cover crops increased SOC content by 0.17, 0.41 and 0.43\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  and \u22120.01, +0.01 and +0.02\u00a0Mg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 .  Significant interactions among treatments were evident only in the case of the N fertilization by tillage system interaction on SOC and STN concentration in the 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil depth in 2008.  The observed SOC and STN variations were correlated to C returned to the soil as crop residues, aboveground cover crop biomass and weeds (C input).  We conclude that, under our Mediterranean climate, it is easier to conserve or increase SOC and STN by adopting NT than CT. To reach this objective, the CT system requires higher N fertilization rates and introduction of highly productive cover crops.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Farm/Enterprise Scale Field Scale", "Soil organic carbon", "Soil carbon input", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Mediterranean climate", "15. Life on land", "fertilization; no-tillage; cover crop", "Conservation tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.iris.sssup.it/bitstream/11382/338180/2/Mazzoncini%20et%20al.%20%282011%29_STILL.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.05.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.05.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.05.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.05.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.08.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-09-26", "title": "Soil Organic Matter Fractions As Affected By Tillage And Soil Texture Under Semiarid Mediterranean Conditions", "description": "Open Access37 Pags.- 6 Tabls.- 3 Figs. The definitive version is available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01671987", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon", "Particulate organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Mineral-associated organic matter", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Conservation tillage", "Rainfed agriculture", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.08.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.08.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.08.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.08.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-03", "title": "Beneficial Effects Of Reduced Tillage And Green Manure On Soil Aggregation And Stabilization Of Organic Carbon In A Mediterranean Agroecosystem", "description": "Abstract   Semiarid Mediterranean agroecosystems need the implementation of sustainable land management (SLM) practices in order to maintain acceptable levels of soil organic matter (SOM). The application of SLM practices helps to maintain soil structure and physical-chemical protection of soil organic carbon (SOC), hence improving soil carbon sequestration and mitigating CO 2  emissions to the atmosphere. In an organic, rain-fed almond ( Prunus dulcis  Mill., var. Ferragnes) orchard under reduced tillage (RT), as the habitual management practice during the 14 years immediately preceding the experiment, we studied the effect of two agricultural management practices on soil aggregate distribution and SOC stabilization after four years of implementation. The implemented practices were (1) reduced tillage with a mix of  Vicia sativa  L. and  Avena sativa  L. as green manure (RTG) and (2) no-tillage (NT). Four aggregate size classes were differentiated by wet sieving (large and small macroaggregates, microaggregates, and the silt plus clay fraction), and the microaggregates occluded within small macroaggregates (SMm) were isolated. In addition, three organic C fractions were separated within the small macroaggregates and microaggregates, using a density fractionation method: free light fraction (free LF-C), intra-aggregate particulate OM (iPOM-C), and organic C associated with the mineral fraction (mineral-C). The results show that the combination of reduced tillage plus green manure (RTG) was the most-efficient SLM practice for SOC sequestration. The total SOC increased by about 14% in the surface layer (0\u20135\u00a0cm depth) when compared to RT. Furthermore, green manure counteracted the effect of tillage on soil aggregate rupture. The plant residue inputs from green manure and their incorporation into the soil by reduced tillage promoted the formation of new aggregates and activated the subsequent physical-chemical protection of OC. The latter mechanism occurred mainly in the fine iPOM-C occluded within microaggregates and mineral-C occluded within small macroaggregates fractions, which together contributed to an increase of up to 30% in the OC concentration in the bulk soil. No-tillage favored the OC accumulation in the mineral-C within the small macroaggregates and in the fine iPOM-C occluded within microaggregates in the surface layer, and in the mineral-C occluded within the small macroaggregates and microaggregates at 5\u201315\u00a0cm depth, but four years of cessation of tillage were not enough to significantly increase the total OC in the bulk soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Carbon sequestration | Rain-fed almond orchard | Semiarid agroecosystems | Soil aggregation | Soil organic carbon fractionation | Sustainable land management", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.09.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-24", "title": "Grain Legume-Based Rotations Managed Under Conventional Tillage Need Cover Crops To Mitigate Soil Organic Matter Losses", "description": "Inserting legumes in low-input innovative cropping systems can represent a good strategy to reduce current N fertilizer dependency while enhancing ecosystem services. However, although the impact of the use of legumes as cover crops has been broadly studied, very little is known about the effects of grain legume-based rotations on soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (SON). A cropping system experiment with three 3-year rotations with different levels of inclusion of grain legumes: GL0, GL1 and GL2 (none, one, and two grain legumes, respectively), with (CC) or without (BF, bare fallow) cover crops was established in SW France (Auzeville) under temperate climate. Durum wheat was present in all the rotations to act as an indicator of their performance. Soil organic C and SON were quantified before the beginning of the experiment and after 3 and 6 years (i.e. after one and two complete 3-yr rotations). Aboveground C and N inputs to the soil, and C and N harvest indexes and grain yield of the cash crops were also measured. Inserting grain legumes in the rotations significantly affected the amount of C and N inputs and consequently SOC and SON. After two cycles of the 3-yr rotation, the GL1 and GL2 treatments showed a greater decrease in SOC and SON when compared to GL0. However, the inclusion of cover crops in the rotations led to mitigate this loss. Durum wheat produced significantly greater grain yields in GL1 when compared to GL0, while GL2 presented intermediate values. In turn, the incorporation of cover crops did not reduce C and N harvest indexes or the grain yield of the different cash crops. We concluded that, in such conventionally-tilled grain legume-based rotations, the use of cover crops was efficient to mitigate SOC and SON losses and then increase N use efficiency at the cropping system level without reducing productivity. The constructive suggestions of an anonymous Reviewer greatly improved this manuscript. We acknowledge the field and laboratory assistance of Didier Chesneau, Andr\u00e9 Gavaland and Eric Bazerthe. This research was supported by the FP6 Grain Legumes Integrated Project (Food-CT-2004-506223) and INRA. We also acknowledge the French Ministry of Agriculture for funding the CASDAR Leg-N-GES project coordinated by Jean-Pierre Cohan (Arvalis Institut du Vegetal).", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "Rotation", "grain legumes", "Grain legumes", "Soil organic carbon", "cover crop", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "rotation", "630", "soil organic carbon", "13. Climate action", "Cover crop", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil organic nitrogen"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.09.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.09.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.09.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.09.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2016.08.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-08-23", "title": "Aggregate Size Distribution In A Biochar-Amended Tropical Ultisol Under Conventional Hand-Hoe Tillage", "description": "Biochar (or pyrogenic organic matter) is increasingly proposed as a soil amendment for improving fertility, carbon sequestration and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. However, little is known about its effects on aggregation, an important indicator of soil quality and functioning. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Eucalyptus wood biochar (B, pyrolyzed at 550\u00a0\u00b0C, at 0 or 2.5\u00a0t\u00a0ha-1), green manure (T, from Tithonia diversifolia at 0, 2.5 or 5.0\u00a0t\u00a0ha-1) and mineral nitrogen (U, urea, at 0, or 120\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha-1) on soil respiration, aggregate size distribution and SOC in these aggregate size fractions in a 2-year field experiment on a low-fertility Ultisol in western Kenya under conventional hand-hoe tillage. Air-dry 2-mm sieved soils were divided into four fractions by wet sieving: Large Macro-aggregates (LM; >1000\u00a0\u03bcm); Small Macro-aggregates (SM, 250-1000\u00a0\u03bcm); Micro-aggregates (M, 250-53\u00a0\u03bcm) and Silt\u00a0+\u00a0Clay (S\u00a0+\u00a0C,\u2009<\u00a053\u00a0\u03bcm). We found that biochar alone did not affect a mean weight diameter (MWD) but combined application with either T. diversifolia (BT) or urea (BU) increased MWD by 34\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.2\u00a0\u03bcm (8%) and 55\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.4\u00a0\u03bcm (13%), respectively, compared to the control (P\u00a0=\u00a00.023; n\u00a0=\u00a036). The B\u00a0+\u00a0T\u00a0+\u00a0U combination increased the proportion of the LM and SM by 7.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.8%, but reduced the S\u00a0+\u00a0C fraction by 5.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.23%. SOC was 30%, 25% and 23% in S\u00a0+\u00a0C,\u00a0M and LM/SM fractions, and increased by 9.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.0, 5.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.8, 6.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.1 and 4.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.9\u00a0g\u00a0kg-1 for LM, SM, M and S\u00a0+\u00a0C, respectively. MWD was not related to either soil respiration or soil moisture but decreased with higher SOC (R2 \u00a0=\u00a00.37, P\u00a0=\u00a00.014, n\u00a0=\u00a026) and increased with greater biomass production (R2 \u00a0=\u00a00.11, P\u00a0=\u00a00.045, n\u00a0=\u00a033). Our data suggest that within the timeframe of the study, biochar is stored predominantly as free particulate OC in the silt and clay fraction and promoted a movement of native SOC from larger-size aggregates to the smaller-sized fraction in the short-term (2 years).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon", "Soil Science", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Hand-hoe tillage", "Article", "6. Clean water", "Biochar", "13. Climate action", "Soil aggregation", "Ultisol", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Earth-Surface Processes"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.08.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2016.08.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2016.08.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2016.08.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01116.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:19:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-05", "title": "Land-Use Change To Bioenergy Production In Europe: Implications For The Greenhouse Gas Balance And Soil Carbon", "description": "Abstract<p>Bioenergy from crops is expected to make a considerable contribution to climate change mitigation. However, bioenergy is not necessarily carbon neutral because emissions of CO2, N2O and CH4 during crop production may reduce or completely counterbalance CO2 savings of the substituted fossil fuels. These greenhouse gases (GHGs) need to be included into the carbon footprint calculation of different bioenergy crops under a range of soil conditions and management practices. This review compiles existing knowledge on agronomic and environmental constraints and GHG balances of the major European bioenergy crops, although it focuses on dedicated perennial crops such as Miscanthus and short rotation coppice species. Such second\uffe2\uff80\uff90generation crops account for only 3% of the current European bioenergy production, but field data suggest they emit 40% to &gt;99% less N2O than conventional annual crops. This is a result of lower fertilizer requirements as well as a higher N\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency, due to effective N\uffe2\uff80\uff90recycling. Perennial energy crops have the potential to sequester additional carbon in soil biomass if established on former cropland (0.44\uffc2\uffa0Mg soil C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for poplar and willow and 0.66\uffc2\uffa0Mg soil C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for Miscanthus). However, there was no positive or even negative effects on the C balance if energy crops are established on former grassland. Increased bioenergy production may also result in direct and indirect land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use changes with potential high C losses when native vegetation is converted to annual crops. Although dedicated perennial energy crops have a high potential to improve the GHG balance of bioenergy production, several agronomic and economic constraints still have to be overcome.</p>", "keywords": ["carbon footprint", "short rotation coppice", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Miscanthus", "02 engineering and technology", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption", "Carbon debt", "CARBON CYCLE; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS; BIOENERGY", "Biofuel", "Land management", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "carbon debt", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrous oxide", "nitrous oxide", "Soil organic carbon", "methane", "land management", "15. Life on land", "Carbon footprint", "soil organic carbon", "13. Climate action", "biofuel", "Short rotation coppice", "Methane"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/117133/1/117133%20j.1757-1707.2011.01116.x.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01116.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GCB%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01116.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01116.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01116.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-09-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2018.05.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-06-11", "title": "The Benefits Of Conservation Agriculture On Soil Organic Carbon And Yield In Southern Africa Are Site-Specific", "description": "Abstract   Conservation agriculture (CA), with reduced tillage, permanent soil cover and diversified cropping systems, is advocated in southern Africa to improve soil quality, reduce input costs and mitigate climate-induced risks. However, improvements in terms of yield and soil organic carbon (SOC) under CA are slow and variable and many small-scale farmers are unable to buffer themselves against potential short-term financial losses. In this study we examined the effects of CA-related management practices on SOC sequestration and productivity at two medium-term sites on a sandy soil (eight year trial) and clay soil (six years) in maize producing areas of South Africa. Using field data, current input costs and market prices for crops, we calculated the gross margin for each system. Treatments compared conventional ploughing under maize monoculture with reduced tillage, intercropping and crop rotation. On the clay soil, SOC was increased under reduced tillage (57.6\u202ft C ha\u22121) compared to conventional tillage (54.9\u202ft C ha\u22121) while there was no difference for the sandy soil (19.7\u202ft C ha\u22121 average across treatments). Profitability was most strongly influenced by seasonal rainfall, but was higher on the sandy soil than the clay soil, with an average gross margin of R11,344 ha\u22121 and R5,686 ha\u22121, respectively. This study has demonstrated that while certain CA practices can create site-specific benefits for farmers, it is highly dependent on local weather and soil conditions. For the clay soil an additional payment scheme would be required to reward farmers in southern Africa for C-sequestration to make CA profitable and achieve increased C-mitigation through soil sequestration.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Conservation agriculture (CA)", "Losses", "Cropping systems", "Soil organic carbon (SOC)", "Crops", "Small-scale farmers", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "Maize", "Costs", "Intercropping", "Crop rotation", "Soil conservation", "Sand", "Monoculture", "Reduced tillage", "Soil conditions", "Clay", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Profitability", "Agricultural machinery", "Organic carbon"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2018.05.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2018.05.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2018.05.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2018.05.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2019.104442", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-10-22", "title": "Combining no-till with rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop mitigates nitrous oxide emissions without decreasing yield", "description": "Abstract   No-till (NT) often increases soil carbon (C) sequestration compared with conventional tillage (CT), yet its net effect on N2O emissions is controversial. Cover crops (CCs) adoption is promoted in NT systems because CCs growth curbs nitrate losses via leaching. However, incorporating CC residues into the soil may have positive or negative effects on N2O emissions depending on CC species and agro-ecosystem management. A better understanding of how tillage practices and CC species affect N2O emissions is therefore needed for the development of productive agroecosystems that contribute to climate change mitigation. The objectives of this three-year (2015\u20132017) field experiment on a Udertic Haplustalf soil in the Po Valley were to compare N2O emissions and crop yield of soybean under NT and CT, and to examine how contrasting residues from two CCs (rye, Secale cereale L. vs hairy vetch, Vicia villosa Roth) affect N2O emissions in NT soybean and maize. We hypothesized that N2O emissions would be lower with NT than with CT and with rye residues than with vetch ones. Nitrous oxide was continuously sampled using automatic chambers during three periods (emergence, N-fixation and maturity) over the soybean-cropping season in 2015 and during the entire cropping maize season in 2017. The DNDC model was calibrated (2015 data) and validated (2017 data), and then used to estimate the annual cumulative N2O emissions in different treatments. Overall, N2O emissions in NT were 40\u201355% lower than in CT, for both in situ measurements (Period I) and modelled estimations. These differences could be ascribed to the higher water-filled pore space (WFPS) and soil nitrate availability in CT than in NT. No-till also increased SOC content (28%; 0\u20135\u2009cm) and earthworm abundance (5 times) compared with CT. Within NT systems, N2O emissions were 20\u201336% lower with rye CC than with vetch CC (P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "N2O emissions", "lombrichi", "Cover crops", "Soil organic carbon", "sostanza organica del terreno", "No-till", "non-lavorazione", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "DNDC model", "NO emissions", "13. Climate action", "Earthworms", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "colture di copertura", "modello DNDC", "emissioni N2O"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.104442"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2019.104442", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2019.104442", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2019.104442"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2024.106125", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-26", "title": "On the impact of soil texture on local scale organic carbon quantification: From airborne to spaceborne sensing domains", "description": "Soil organic carbon (SOC) distribution and interaction with light is influenced by soil texture parameters (clay, silt and sand), which makes SOC prediction complicated, especially in samples with considerable pedological variability. Hence, understanding the relationship between SOC and soil texture is important within the context of SOC prediction using remote sensing data. The main objective of this study was to find the impact of soil texture on the performance of local SOC prediction models that were developed on Sentinel-2 (S2) multispectral and CASI/SASI (CS) hyperspectral airborne data as the main predictor variables. One approach to that objective was to lower the texture variance by stratification of the samples. Therefore, soil samples collected from four agricultural sites in the Czech Republic were segregated based on the i) site-based and ii) texture-based stratification strategies. Random forest (RF) models were then developed on all stratified classes with and without considering the soil texture parameters as predictor variables and results were compared with those obtained by the RF models developed on the non-stratified (NS) samples. Both stratification strategies provided more homogeneous classes, which enhanced the accuracy of SOC prediction, compared to using the NS samples. In addition, the texture-based RF models yielded higher accuracy predictions than the site-based ones. Except for sand, adding texture parameters to the main predictors improved the accuracy of the models, so that the highest prediction performance was obtained by a texture-based model developed on clay-added CS data. Overall, texture-based stratification could significantly enhance the SOC prediction, when the texture parameters were added to the S2 and CS data as the main predictor variables.", "keywords": ["EJP SOIL", "550", "Airborne hyperspectral data", "STEROPES", "Soil organic carbon", "Soil texture", "EJPSOIL", "Sentinel-2", "Stratification"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2024.106125"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2024.106125", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2024.106125", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2024.106125"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2021GB007285", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-06-07", "title": "Differential Responses of Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities to Salinization: Implications for Soil Carbon Cycling in Tidal Wetlands", "description": "Abstract<p>Rising sea levels are expected to cause salinization in many historically low\uffe2\uff80\uff90salinity tidal wetlands. However, the response of soil extracellular enzyme activities to salinization in tidal wetlands and their links to soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition are largely unknown. Here, we conducted a global meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis to examine the effect of salinization on hydrolytic and oxidative carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquiring enzyme activities and their relationships with SOC storage in tidal wetlands. The results showed that salinization reduced hydrolytic carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquiring enzyme activities by 33% but increased oxidative carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquiring enzyme activities by 15%. Meanwhile, salinization decreased SOC storage by 14%, and the change in SOC storage was negatively associated with oxidative carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquiring enzyme activities. These results indicate an important role for oxidative carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquiring enzymes in SOC loss in tidal wetlands. Moreover, the effect of salinization on oxidative carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquiring enzyme activities logarithmically declined with increasing salinization, implying that SOC loss was highly sensitive to even minor increases in salinity at the initial stage of salinization. Given increasing salinization over time with rising sea levels in most global tidal wetlands, our results suggest that SOC loss might be greater during early than later stages. Consequently, salinization\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced SOC loss may be overstated in the long term if extrapolations are merely based on a constant SOC loss rate determined from short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term studies. Future modeling frameworks should account for this changing sensitivity of microbially mediated SOC loss with increasing salinization over time.</p", "keywords": ["mangrove", "13. Climate action", "soil organic carbon storage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "salinization", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "mudflat", "tidal wetland", "6. Clean water", "enzyme activity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GB007285"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2021GB007285", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2021GB007285", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2021GB007285"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2021gb007285", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-06-07", "title": "Differential Responses of Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities to Salinization: Implications for Soil Carbon Cycling in Tidal Wetlands", "description": "Abstract<p>Rising sea levels are expected to cause salinization in many historically low\uffe2\uff80\uff90salinity tidal wetlands. However, the response of soil extracellular enzyme activities to salinization in tidal wetlands and their links to soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition are largely unknown. Here, we conducted a global meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis to examine the effect of salinization on hydrolytic and oxidative carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquiring enzyme activities and their relationships with SOC storage in tidal wetlands. The results showed that salinization reduced hydrolytic carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquiring enzyme activities by 33% but increased oxidative carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquiring enzyme activities by 15%. Meanwhile, salinization decreased SOC storage by 14%, and the change in SOC storage was negatively associated with oxidative carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquiring enzyme activities. These results indicate an important role for oxidative carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquiring enzymes in SOC loss in tidal wetlands. Moreover, the effect of salinization on oxidative carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquiring enzyme activities logarithmically declined with increasing salinization, implying that SOC loss was highly sensitive to even minor increases in salinity at the initial stage of salinization. Given increasing salinization over time with rising sea levels in most global tidal wetlands, our results suggest that SOC loss might be greater during early than later stages. Consequently, salinization\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced SOC loss may be overstated in the long term if extrapolations are merely based on a constant SOC loss rate determined from short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term studies. Future modeling frameworks should account for this changing sensitivity of microbially mediated SOC loss with increasing salinization over time.</p", "keywords": ["mangrove", "13. Climate action", "soil organic carbon storage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "salinization", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "mudflat", "tidal wetland", "6. Clean water", "enzyme activity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gb007285"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2021gb007285", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2021gb007285", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2021gb007285"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1005880031579", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "description": "Dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) inchronosequences of soils below forests that had beenreplaced by grazed pastures 3\u201325 years ago, wereinvestigated for two contrasting soil types (AndicHumitropept and Eutric Hapludand) in the Atlantic Zoneof Costa Rica. By forest clearing and subsequentestablishment of pastures, photosynthesis changes froma C-3 to a C-4 pathway. The accompanying changes inC-input and its \u03b413C and 14Csignals, were used to quantify SOC dynamics. C-input from rootturnover at a pasture site was measured by sequentialharvesting and 14C-pulse labelling. With aspatial resolution of 5 cm, data on total SOC,\u03b413C and \u03b414C of soil profileswere interpreted with a model that distinguishes threepools of SOC: \u2018active\u2019 C, \u2018slow\u2019 C and \u2018passive\u2019 C,each with a 1-st order decomposition rate(ka, ks and kp). The modelincludes carbon isotope fractionation and depth-dependentdecomposition rates. Transport of C between soillayers was described as a diffusion process, whichaccounts for physical and biotic mixing processes. Calibrated diffusion coefficients were 0.42 cm2yr-1 for the Humitropept and 3.97 cm2yr-1 for the Hapludand chronosequence.Diffusional transport alone was insufficient foroptimal simulation; it had to be augmented bydepth-dependent decomposition rates to explain thedynamics of SOC, \u03b413C and\u03b414C. Decomposition rates decreasedstrongly with depth. Upon increased diffusion,differences between calibrated decomposition rates ofSOC fractions between surface soils and subsoilsdiminished, but the concept of depth-dependentdecomposition had to be retained, to obtain smallresiduals between observed and simulated data. At areference depth of 15\u201320 cm ks was 90 yr-1in the Humitropept and 146 yr-1 in the Hapludand.Slow C contributed most to total organic C in surfacesoils, whereas passive C contributed most below 40 cmdepth. After 18\u201325 years of pasture, net loss of C was2180 g C m-2 for the Hapludand and 150 g m-2for the Humitropept soil.", "keywords": ["land use change; model; soil organic carbon; tropical forest", "soil chemistry", "zoning", "land use", "physical planning", "costa rica", "organic compounds", "soil"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1005880031579"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1005880031579", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1005880031579", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1005880031579"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2018jg004795", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-04-09", "title": "Comparison With Global Soil Radiocarbon Observations Indicates Needed Carbon Cycle Improvements in the E3SM Land Model", "description": "Abstract<p>We evaluated global soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and turnover time predictions from a global land model (ELMv1\uffe2\uff80\uff90ECA) integrated in an Earth System Model (E3SM) by comparing them with observed soil bulk and \uffce\uff9414C values around the world. We analyzed observed and simulated SOC stocks and \uffce\uff9414C values using machine learning methods at the Earth System Model grid cell scale (~200\uffc2\uffa0km). In grid cells with sufficient observations, the model provided reasonable estimates of soil carbon stocks across soil depth and \uffce\uff9414C values near the surface but underestimated \uffce\uff9414C at depth. Among many explanatory variables, soil albedo index, soil order, plant function type, air temperature, and SOC content were major factors affecting predicted SOC \uffce\uff9414C values. The influences of soil albedo index, soil order, and air temperature were primarily important in the shallow subsurface (\uffe2\uff89\uffa430\uffc2\uffa0cm). We also performed sensitivity studies using different vertical root distributions and decomposition turnover times and compared to observed SOC stock and \uffce\uff9414C profiles. The analyses support the role of vegetation in affecting soil carbon turnover, particularly in deep soil, possibly through supplying fresh carbon and degrading physical\uffe2\uff80\uff90chemical protection of SOC via root activities. Allowing for grid cell\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific rooting and decomposition rates substantially reduced discrepancies between observed and predicted \uffce\uff9414C values and SOC content. Our results highlight the need for more explicit representation of roots, microbes, and soil physical protection in land models.</p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "advanced land modeling", "Earth System Models", "3706 Geophysics (for-2020)", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Climate Action", "soil organic carbon", "Geophysics", "37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)", "machine learning", "statistical analysis", "13. Climate action", "0404 Geophysics (for)", "Earth Sciences", "radiocarbon", "13 Climate Action (sdg)", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018JG004795"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt4h72t9fq/qt4h72t9fq.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jg004795"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2018jg004795", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2018jg004795", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2018jg004795"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/cp10115", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:18:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-19", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen Under Leucaena Leucocephala Pastures In Queensland", "description": "<p>  Soil organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) accumulation in the top 0\uffe2\uff80\uff930.15\uffe2\uff80\uff89m of leucaena\uffe2\uff80\uff93grass pastures were compared with native pastures and with continuously cropped land. OC and TN levels were highest under long-term leucaena\uffe2\uff80\uff93grass pasture (P\uffe2\uff80\uff89&lt;\uffe2\uff80\uff890.05). For leucaena\uffe2\uff80\uff93grass pastures that had been established for 20, 31, and 38 years, OC accumulated at rates that exceeded those of the adjacent native grass pasture by 267, 140, and 79\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg/ha.year, respectively, while TN accumulated at rates that exceeded those of the native grass pastures by 16.7, 10.8, and 14.0\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg/ha.year, respectively. At a site where 14-year-old leucaena\uffe2\uff80\uff93grass pasture was adjacent to continuously cropped land, there were benefits in OC accumulation of 762\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg/ha.year and in TN accumulation of 61.9\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg/ha.year associated with the establishment of leucaena\uffe2\uff80\uff93grass pastures. Similar C\uffe2\uff80\uff89:\uffe2\uff80\uff89N ratios (range 12.7\uffe2\uff80\uff9314.5) of soil OC in leucaena and grass-only pastures indicated that plant-available N limited soil OC accumulation in pure grass swards. Higher OC accumulation occurred near leucaena hedgerows than in the middle of the inter-row in most leucaena\uffe2\uff80\uff93grass pastures. Rates of C sequestration were compared with simple models of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the grazed pastures. The amount of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-e) accumulated in additional topsoil OC of leucaena\uffe2\uff80\uff93grass pastures \uffe2\uff89\uffa420 years old offset estimates of the amount of CO2-e emitted in methane and nitrous oxide from beef cattle grazing these pastures, thus giving positive GHG balances. Less productive, aging leucaena pastures &gt;20 years old had negative GHG balances; lower additional topsoil OC accumulation rates compared with native grass pastures failed to offset animal emissions. </p>", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil total nitrogen", "Greenhouse gas balance", "Soil organic carbon", "13. Climate action", "1102 Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "1110 Nursing", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon balance", "15. Life on land", "Permanent pastures"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Alejandro Radrizzani, Alejandro Radrizzani, Gunnar Kirchhof, H. Max Shelton, Scott A. Dalzell,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/cp10115"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Crop%20and%20Pasture%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/cp10115", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/cp10115", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/cp10115"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41561-019-0384-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:18:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-24", "title": "Mobilization of aged and biolabile soil carbon by tropical deforestation", "description": "In the mostly pristine Congo Basin, agricultural land-use change has intensified in recent years. One potential and understudied consequence of this deforestation and conversion to agriculture is the mobilization and loss of organic matter from soils to rivers as dissolved organic matter. Here, we quantify and characterize dissolved organic matter sampled from 19 catchments of varying deforestation extent near Lake Kivu over a two-week period during the wet season. Dissolved organic carbon from deforested, agriculturally-dominated catchments was older (14C age: ~1.5kyr) and more biolabile than from pristine forest catchments. Ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry revealed that this aged organic matter from deforested catchments was energy-rich and chemodiverse, with higher proportions of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing formulae. Given the molecular composition and biolability, we suggest that organic matter from deforested landscapes is preferentially respired upon disturbance, resulting in elevated in-stream concentrations of carbon dioxide. We estimate that while deforestation reduces the overall flux of dissolved organic carbon by ~56%, it does not significantly change the yield of biolabile dissolved organic carbon. Ultimately, the exposure of deeper soil horizons through deforestation and agricultural expansion releases old, previously stable, and biolabile soil organic carbon into the modern carbon cycle via the aquatic pathway.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Life on Land", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "dissolved organic carbon", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "6. Clean water", "soil organic carbon", "Congo", "13. Climate action", "deforestation", "Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-019-0384-9.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt45n6x8tn/qt45n6x8tn.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0384-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Geoscience", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41561-019-0384-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41561-019-0384-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41561-019-0384-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00656.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:18:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-07-30", "title": "Substantial Labile Carbon Stocks And Microbial Activity In Deeply Weathered Soils Below A Tropical Wet Forest", "description": "Abstract<p>Contrary to large areas in Amazonia of tropical moist forests with a pronounced dry season, tropical wet forests in Costa Rica do not depend on deep roots to maintain an evergreen forest canopy through the year. At our Costa Rican tropical wet forest sites, we found a large carbon stock in the subsoil of deeply weathered Oxisols, even though only 0.04\uffe2\uff80\uff930.2% of the measured root biomass (&gt;2\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm diameter) to 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83m depth was below 2\uffe2\uff80\uff83m. In addition, we demonstrate that 20% or more of this deep soil carbon (depending on soil type) can be mobilized after forest clearing for pasture establishment. Microbial activity between 0.3 and 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83m depth contributed about 50% to the microbial activity in these soils, confirming the importance of the subsoil in C cycling. Depending on soil type, forest clearing for pasture establishment led from no change to a slight addition of carbon in the topsoil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff930.3\uffe2\uff80\uff83m depth). However, this effect was countered by a substantial loss of C stocks in the subsoil (1\uffe2\uff80\uff933\uffe2\uff80\uff83m depth). Our results show that large stocks of relatively labile carbon are not limited to areas with a prolonged dry season, but can also be found in deeply weathered soils below tropical wet forests. Forest clearing in such areas may produce unexpectedly high C losses from the subsoil.</p>", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Costa Rica; deforestation; land-use change; microbial activity; pasture; soil organic carbon; tropical rain forest", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00656.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00656.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00656.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00656.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-07-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.14644", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-04-07", "title": "A critical review of the impacts of cover crops on nitrogen leaching, net greenhouse gas balance and crop productivity", "description": "Abstract<p>Cover crops play an increasingly important role in improving soil quality, reducing agricultural inputs and improving environmental sustainability. The main objectives of this critical global review and systematic analysis were to assess cover crop practices in the context of their impacts on nitrogen leaching, net greenhouse gas balances (NGHGB) and crop productivity. Only studies that investigated the impacts of cover crops and measured one or a combination of nitrogen leaching, soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrous oxide (N2O), grain yield and nitrogen in grain of primary crop, and had a control treatment were included in the analysis. Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term studies were uncommon, with most data coming from studies lasting 2\uffe2\uff80\uff933\uffc2\uffa0years. The literature search resulted in 106 studies carried out at 372 sites and covering different countries, climatic zones and management. Our analysis demonstrates that cover crops significantly (p\uffc2\uffa0&lt;\uffc2\uffa00.001) decreased N leaching and significantly (p\uffc2\uffa0&lt;\uffc2\uffa00.001) increased SOC sequestration without having significant (p\uffc2\uffa0&gt;\uffc2\uffa00.05) effects on direct N2O emissions. Cover crops could mitigate the NGHGB by 2.06\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.10\uffc2\uffa0Mg CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90eq\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921. One of the potential disadvantages of cover crops identified was the reduction in grain yield of the primary crop by \uffe2\uff89\uff884%, compared to the control treatment. This drawback could be avoided by selecting mixed cover crops with a range of legumes and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90legumes, which increased the yield by \uffe2\uff89\uff8813%. These advantages of cover crops justify their widespread adoption. However, management practices in relation to cover crops will need to be adapted to specific soil, management and regional climatic conditions.</p>", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "net greenhouse gas balance", "330", "Supplementary Data", "Nitrogen", "QH301 Biology", "Supplementary data available", "12. Responsible consumption", "Nitrous oxide emissions", "QH301", "Greenhouse Gases", "Soil", "N content", "nitrate", "C sequestration", "N leaching", "Environmental Chemistry", "General Environmental Science", "NE/M019691/1", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Catch crop", "Ecology", "Soil organic carbon", "green manure", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "Research Review", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "yield", "Crop Production", "13. Climate action", "N in grain", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "Cover crop", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "BB/N013484/1", "BB/N013468/1"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14644"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.14644", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.14644", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.14644"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-05-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/sr18210", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:18:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-16", "title": "Effect of long-term irrigation and tillage practices on X-ray CT and gas transport derived pore-network characteristics", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p> The gas transport parameters, diffusivity and air-filled porosity are crucial for soil aeration, microbial activity and greenhouse gas emission, and directly depend on soil structure. In this study, we analysed the effect of long-term tillage and irrigation practices on the surface structure of an arable soil in New Zealand. Our hypothesis was that topsoil structure would change under intensification of arable production, affecting gas exchange. Intact soil cores were collected from plots under intensive tillage (IT) and direct drill (DD), irrigated or rainfed. In total, 32 cores were scanned by X-ray computed tomography (CT) to derive the pore network &amp;gt;30\u00b5m. The cores were then used to measure soil-gas diffusivity, air-permeability and air-filled porosity of pores close to the resolution of the X-ray CT scans, namely \u226530\u00b5m. The gas measurements allow the calculation of pore-network connectivity and tortuosity parameters, which were compared with the CT-derived structural characteristics. Long-term irrigation had little effect on any of the parameters analysed. Total porosity tended to be lower under IT than DD, whereas the CT-derived porosity was comparable. Both the CT-derived mean pore diameter (MPD) and other morphological parameters, as well as gas measurement-derived parameters, highlighted a less developed structure under IT. The differences in the functional pore-network structure were attributed to SOC depletion and the mechanical disturbance through IT. Significant correlations between CT-derived parameters and functional gas transport parameters such as tortuosity and MPD were found, which suggest that X-ray CT could be useful in the prediction of gas transport. </p></article>", "keywords": ["AGRICULTURE", "soil structure.", "P-parameter", "Soil structure", "carbon depletion", "MANAGEMENT", "COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY", "PERMEABILITY", "CONSERVATION TILLAGE", "Dexter index", "Intensive tillage", "SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON", "carbon depletion; Dexter index; intensive tillage; P -parameter; soil organic carbon; soil structure.; Environmental Science (miscellaneous); Soil Science; Earth-Surface Processes", "P -parameter", "LOAM SOIL", "Soil organic carbon", "POROSITY", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil organic carbon", "NO-TILL", "NITROGEN", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Carbon depletion", "soil structure", "intensive tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.publish.csiro.au/SR/pdf/SR18210"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr18210"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr18210", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr18210", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr18210"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.15547", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:19:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-06", "title": "Feasibility of the 4 per 1000 aspirational target for soil carbon: A case study for France", "description": "Abstract<p>Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is a promising way to mitigate the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration. Based on a simple ratio between CO2 anthropogenic emissions and SOC stocks worldwide, it has been suggested that a 0.4% (4 per 1000) yearly increase in SOC stocks could compensate for current anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Here, we used a reverse RothC modelling approach to estimate the amount of C inputs to soils required to sustain current SOC stocks and to increase them by 4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 per year over a period of 30\uffc2\uffa0years. We assessed the feasibility of this aspirational target first by comparing the required C input with net primary productivity (NPP) flowing to the soil, and second by considering the SOC saturation concept. Calculations were performed for mainland France, at a 1\uffc2\uffa0km grid cell resolution. Results showed that a 30%\uffe2\uff80\uff9340% increase in C inputs to soil would be needed to obtain a 4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 increase per year over a 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90year period. 88.4% of cropland areas were considered unsaturated in terms of mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated SOC, but characterized by a below target C balance, that is, less NPP available than required to reach the 4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 aspirational target. Conversely, 90.4% of unimproved grasslands were characterized by an above target C balance, that is, enough NPP to reach the 4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 objective, but 59.1% were also saturated. The situation of improved grasslands and forests was more evenly distributed among the four categories (saturated vs. unsaturated and above vs below target C balance). Future data from soil monitoring networks should enable to validate these results. Overall, our results suggest that, for mainland France, priorities should be (1) to increase NPP returns in cropland soils that are unsaturated and have a below target carbon balance and (2) to preserve SOC stocks in other land uses.</p>", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "Carbon Sequestration", "550", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "RothC", "01 natural sciences", "630", "climate change mitigation", "Soil", "4 per 1000", "net primary productivity", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Primary Research Articles", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Carbon", "soil organic carbon", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "13. Climate action", "SOC saturation", "Feasibility Studies", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "France", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.15547"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15547"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.15547", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.15547", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.15547"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1073/pnas.2317332121", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:18:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-26", "title": "Negative correlation between soil salinity and soil organic carbon variability", "description": "<p>Soil organic carbon (SOC) is vital for terrestrial ecosystems, affecting biogeochemical processes, and soil health. It is known that soil salinity impacts SOC content, yet the specific direction and magnitude of SOC variability in relation to soil salinity remain poorly understood. Analyzing 43,459 mineral soil samples (SOC &lt; 150 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921) collected across different land covers since 1992, we approximate a soil salinity increase from 1 to 5 dS m\uffe2\uff88\uff921in croplands would be associated with a decline in mineral soils SOC from 0.14 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921above the mean predicted SOC (SOC\uffc2\uffafc= 18.47 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921) to 0.46 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921belowSOC\uffc2\uffafc(~\uffe2\uff88\uff92430%), while for noncroplands, such decline is sharper, from 0.96 aboveSOC\uffc2\uffafnc= 35.96 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921to 4.99 belowSOC\uffc2\uffafnc(~\uffe2\uff88\uff92620%). Although salinity\uffe2\uff80\uff99s significance in explaining SOC variability is minor (&lt;6%), we estimate a one SD increase in salinity of topsoil samples (0 to 7 cm) correlates with respectiveSOC\uffc2\uffafdeclines of ~4.4% and ~9.26%, relative toSOC\uffc2\uffafcandSOC\uffc2\uffafnc. TheSOC\uffc2\uffafdecline in croplands is greatest in vegetation/cropland mosaics while lands covered with evergreen needle-leaved trees are estimated with the highestSOC\uffc2\uffafdecline in noncroplands. We identify soil nitrogen, land cover, and precipitation Seasonality Index as the most significant parameters in explaining the SOC\uffe2\uff80\uff99s variability. The findings provide insights into SOC dynamics under increased soil salinity, improving understanding of SOC stock responses to land degradation and climate warming.</p", "keywords": ["570", "soil salinity", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "500", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "environmental impact", "01 natural sciences", "soil organic carbon", "QH301", "biogeochemistry", "carbon cycle", "Physical Sciences", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "General", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2317332121"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1073/pnas.2317332121", "name": "item", "description": "10.1073/pnas.2317332121", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1073/pnas.2317332121"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/03650340.2011.648182", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:18:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-11", "title": "Cover Crops And Tillage Influence Soil Organic Matter And Nitrogen Availability In A Semi-Arid Vineyard", "description": "Little attention has been given to the utilization of permanent cover crops in vineyard agroecosystems in semi-arid Mediterranean climatic conditions to increase soil organic carbon or its effects on N availability. We evaluated the effect of permanent cover crops with resident vegetation on labile organic matter fractions and inorganic N availability with respect to conventional tillage in a semi-arid vineyard. The field experiment was conducted on Typic Haploxerept soil, located in La Rioja area (Central River Ebro Valley). Soil samples were collected during June 2009, 5 years after covers crops were established. Soil organic carbon (SOC), water-soluble carbon (WSC), potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN), nitrate (N-NO3 \u2212) and ammonium (N-NH4 +) were measured. At soil depths of 0\u20132.5 and 2.5\u20135\u00a0cm the cover crops increased SOC, WSC and PMN. So the results indicated a soil quality improvement. The cover crop treatment reduced soil N-NO3 \u2212 and increased the WSC to inorganic N ratio at 0\u201345\u00a0cm depth. PMN...", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon", "Labile carbon", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Grapevine", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2011.648182"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Archives%20of%20Agronomy%20and%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/03650340.2011.648182", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/03650340.2011.648182", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/03650340.2011.648182"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/23311932.2024.2437574", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:18:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-12-14", "title": "Organic carbon sequestration potential of Slovenian agricultural soil and the impact of management practices on SOC stock", "description": "Improving soil management is crucial for mitigating climate change by increasing soil organic carbon (SOC). This study addresses the question of whether Slovenian agricultural soils can increase SOC stocks and achieve the 4per1000 initiative (4p1000.org). We calculated the SOC stocks, soil carbon sequestration (SCS) potential of the fine soil fraction (<20\u2009\u00b5m) (Csd) and the SCS potential of bulk soil for different agricultural uses in Slovenia. In addition, we conducted agricultural land management scenarios to determine a possible increase in SOC stocks. The results showed an average SOC stock of 94.7 t ha\u22121 in the agricultural soils of Slovenia. High Csd values were mainly found in croplands, intensive orchards and vineyards. The Csd (0\u201330\u2009cm) amounts to 16.3\u2009Mt SOC for the entire country. In addition, our results on SCS potential were compared with similar assessments from other European countries, where the range of bulk soil SCS potential was between 0.03 and 2.8\u2030 SOC change yr\u22121. With the current management of agricultural land in Slovenia, the SCS is almost balanced (+0.1\u2030). Different management scenarios showed that efficient fertilizer use, no-till, vegetation cover with biodiverse crop rotation and keeping residues on the surface lead to a significant SOC stock increase by 19.6 t ha\u22121 in 20\u2009years, which supports the 4per1000 initiative target (10.5\u2030).", "keywords": ["soil organic carbon", "conservation agriculture", "fine soil fraction", "S", "Soil organic carbon sequestration potential", "land use", "Agriculture", "TP368-456", "soil management", "Food processing and manufacture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23311932.2024.2437574"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2024.2437574"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Cogent%20Food%20%26amp%3B%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/23311932.2024.2437574", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/23311932.2024.2437574", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/23311932.2024.2437574"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-12-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/ab2108", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:19:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-10", "title": "Do alternative irrigation strategies for rice cultivation decrease water footprints at the cost of long-term soil health?", "description": "Abstract                <p>The availability of water is a growing concern for flooded rice production. As such, several water-saving irrigation practices have been developed to reduce water requirements. Alternate wetting and drying and mid-season drainage have been shown to potentially reduce water requirements while maintaining rice yields when compared to continuous flooding. With the removal of permanently anaerobic conditions during the growing season, water-saving irrigation can also reduce CO2 equivalent (CO2eq) emissions, helping reduce the impact of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the long-term impact of water-saving irrigation on soil organic carbon (SOC)\uffe2\uff80\uff94used here as an indicator of soil health and fertility\uffe2\uff80\uff94has not been explored. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effects of common water-saving irrigation practices (alternate wetting and drying and mid-season drainage) on (i) SOC, and (ii) GHG emissions. Despite an extensive literature search, only 12 studies were found containing data to constrain the soil C balance in both continuous flooding and water-saving irrigation plots, highlighting the still limited understanding of long-term impacts of water-saving irrigation on soil health and GHG emissions. Water-saving irrigation was found to reduce emissions of CH4 by 52.3% and increased those of CO2 by 44.8%. CO2eq emissions were thereby reduced by 18.6% but the soil-to-atmosphere carbon (C) flux increased by 25% when compared to continuous flooding. Water-saving irrigation was also found to have a negative effect on both SOC\uffe2\uff80\uff94reducing concentrations by 5.2%\uffe2\uff80\uff94and soil organic nitrogen\uffe2\uff80\uff94potentially depleting stocks by more than 100 kg N/ha per year. While negative effects of water-saving irrigation on rice yield may not be visible in short-term experiments, care should be taken when assessing the long-term sustainability of these irrigation practices because they can decrease soil fertility. Strategies need to be developed for assessing the more long-term effects of these irrigation practices by considering trade-offs between water savings and other ecosystem services.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "rice", "methane", "Science", "Physics", "QC1-999", "Q", "carbon dioxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "soil organic carbon", "Environmental sciences", "mid-season drainage", "alternate wetting and drying", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab2108"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/1748-9326/ab2108", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/1748-9326/ab2108", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/1748-9326/ab2108"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=soil+organic+carbon&offset=50&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=soil+organic+carbon&offset=50&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=soil+organic+carbon&offset=0", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=soil+organic+carbon&offset=100", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 464, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-28T14:22:36.883651Z"}