Crop and land management practices affect both the quality and quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) and hence are driving forces for soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. The objective of this study was to assess the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of tillage, fertilizer application and crop rotation onSOCin an agricultural area of southern Norway, where a soil fertility and crop rotation experiment was initiated in 1953 and a second experiment on tillage practices was initiated in 1983. The first experiment comprised 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr crop rotations with cereals only and 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr cereal and 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr grass rotations with recommended (base) and more than the recommended (above base) fertilizer application rates; the second experiment dealt with autumn\uffe2\uff80\uff90ploughed (conventional\uffe2\uff80\uff90till) plots and direct\uffe2\uff80\uff90drilled plots (no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till). Soil samples at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 and 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm depths were collected in autumn 2009 and analysed for their C and N contents. The quality ofSOMin the top layer was determined by13C solid\uffe2\uff80\uff90stateNMRspectroscopy. TheSOCstock did not differ significantly because of rotation or fertilizer application types, even after 56\uffc2\uffa0yr. However, the no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till system showed a significantly higherSOCstock than the conventional\uffe2\uff80\uff90till system at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm depth after the 26\uffc2\uffa0yr of experiment, but it was not significantly different at the 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm depth. In terms of quality,SOMwas found to differ by tillage type, rate of fertilizer application and crop rotation. The no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till system showed an abundance of O\uffe2\uff80\uff90alkyl C, while conventional\uffe2\uff80\uff90till system indicated an apparently indirect enrichment in alkyl C, suggesting a more advanced stage ofSOMdecomposition. The long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term quantitative and qualitative effects onSOMsuggest that adopting a no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage system and including grass in crop rotation and farmyard manure in fertilizer application may contribute to preserve soil fertility and mitigate climate change.
", "keywords": ["Fertilizer application", "2. Zero hunger", "Crop rotation", " fertilizer application", " soil organic carbon (SOC)", " soil organic matter (SOM)", " tillage", " NMR spectroscopy.", "NMR spectroscopy", "Crop rotation", "Soil organic matter (SOM)", "13. Climate action", "Soil organic carbon (SOC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12198"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12198", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12198", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12198"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/9781118635797.ch8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:14:07Z", "title": "Biofuel Crops And Soil Quality And Erosion", "description": "Biofuel or energy crop production aims at maximizing the carbon (C) harvest for conversion into fuel. Since soils are involved in the processing chain the question, however, is if this conversion can be done without compromising soil quality. In this chapter we discuss the soil quality aspect of biofuel production. The production of biofuel crops might simultaneously affect a combination of soil properties and stipulating severe human-driven soil quality threats, out of which the decline of soil organic matter (SOM), the increase of erosion risks, and on and off-site pollution and nutrient losses are the most pronounced. We consider the differences between annual and perennial crops out of the effects of management and land-use change (LUC), including an issue of soil organic carbon (SOC) budget and sustainable removal of crop residues for energy production. Consequently, we discuss soil quality under biofuel crop production as affected by these threats to provide essential soil services. The challenges of the soil quality aspect of sustainable biofuel crop production, which include by-product management, soil remediation potential, and utilization of idle and degraded soils for biofuels, are also covered by this chapter", "keywords": ["soil erosion", "soil organic carbon (SOC)", "biofuel crops", "biofuel production", "soil quality", "land-use change (LUC)", "sustainability"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118635797.ch8"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/9781118635797.ch8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/9781118635797.ch8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/9781118635797.ch8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.116862", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:16:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-27", "title": "Is the organic carbon-to-clay ratio a reliable indicator of soil health?", "description": "Climate action plans under the Paris Climate Agreement and other national commitments aimed at improving soil-based ecosystem services require the operational monitoring of soil carbon (C). The European Union is aiming to enhance soil health, and as part of the proposed Soil Monitoring Law, the European Commission recommends the monitoring of the soil C loss indicator among other soil health indicators. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of the proposed soil C loss indicator by assessing its performance using the EU-wide 2009 LUCAS soil survey data. The proposed indicator is the soil organic carbon (SOC) to clay ratio, with a threshold value of 1:13. The results are also compared with the C stock changes reported by countries to the climate convention (UNFCCC). Our results reveal that the variation in SOC and clay content at European scale exceeds that of the data used to develop the proposed indicator. We also found that the variation in the SOC content was influenced not only by clay content but also by climate and land-use reflecting C input levels. Therefore, the defined threshold is inadequate for detecting degraded soils if the SOC and clay content are beyond the conditions used to establish the criteria. Furthermore, major discrepancies were observed between the soil carbon stock changes reported by the national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories and the proportions of degraded soils identified by using the soil C loss indicator. We conclude that employing a single indicator such as SOC:Clay ratio with one threshold value for all soils across various land covers, management practices, and climatic conditions, as defined by the European Commission for the Soil Monitoring Law, is inappropriate for monitoring soil C loss.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "agricultural soil", "550", "Forest soil", " agricultural soil", "Science", "Q", "Soil organic carbon (SOC)", "Soil monitoring", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "SOC:Clay ratio", "15. Life on land", "forest soil", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "soil organic carbon", "13. Climate action", "soil monitoring", "LUCAS soil survey", "11. Sustainability", "soc:clay ratio", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "European mineral soils", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.116862"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.116862", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.116862", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.116862"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:17:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-08", "title": "Soil extracellular enzyme activities, soil carbon and nitrogen storage under nitrogen fertilization: A meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract Nitrogen (N) fertilization affects the rate of soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition by regulating extracellular enzyme activities (EEA). Extracellular enzymes have not been represented in global biogeochemical models. Understanding the relationships among EEA and SOC, soil N (TN), and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) under N fertilization would enable modeling of the influence of EEA on SOC decomposition. Based on 65 published studies, we synthesized the activities of \u03b1-1,4-glucosidase (AG), \u03b2-1,4-glucosidase (BG), \u03b2- d -cellobiosidase (CBH), \u03b2-1,4-xylosidase (BX), \u03b2-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG), leucine amino peptidase (LAP), urease (UREA), acid phosphatase (AP), phenol oxidase (PHO), and peroxidase (PEO) in response to N fertilization. The proxy variables for hydrolytic C acquisition enzymes (C-acq), N acquisition (N-acq), and oxidative decomposition (OX) were calculated as the sum of AG, BG, CBH and BX; AG and LAP; PHO and PEO, respectively. The relationships between response ratios (RRs) of EEA and SOC, TN, or MBC were explored when they were reported simultaneously. Results showed that N fertilization significantly increased CBH, C-acq, AP, BX, BG, AG, and UREA activities by 6.4, 9.1, 10.6, 11.0, 11.2, 12.0, and 18.6%, but decreased PEO, OX and PHO by 6.1, 7.9 and 11.1%, respectively. N fertilization enhanced SOC and TN by 7.6% and 15.3%, respectively, but inhibited MBC by 9.5%. Significant positive correlations were found only between the RRs of C-acq and MBC, suggesting that changes in combined hydrolase activities might act as a proxy for MBC under N fertilization. In contrast with other variables, the RRs of AP, MBC, and TN showed unidirectional trends under different edaphic, environmental, and physiological conditions. Our results provide the first comprehensive set of evidence of how hydrolase and oxidase activities respond to N fertilization in various ecosystems. Future large-scale model projections could incorporate the observed relationship between hydrolases and microbial biomass as a proxy for C acquisition under global N enrichment scenarios in different ecosystems.", "keywords": ["LITTER", "570", "Science & Technology", "MICROBIAL COMMUNITY", "Microbial Biomass Carbon (Mbc)", "Soil Science", "610", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "FOREST", "Meta-analysis", "Nitrogen Fertilization", "METHANE OXIDATION", "ECOSYSTEM", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Organic Carbon (Soc)", "ECOENZYMATIC STOICHIOMETRY", "DEPOSITION", "ELEVATED CO2", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "Extracellular Enzyme Activities (Eea)", "GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE", "RESPONSES"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2018.05.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:17:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-06-11", "title": "The Benefits Of Conservation Agriculture On Soil Organic Carbon And Yield In Southern Africa Are Site-Specific", "description": "Abstract Conservation agriculture (CA), with reduced tillage, permanent soil cover and diversified cropping systems, is advocated in southern Africa to improve soil quality, reduce input costs and mitigate climate-induced risks. However, improvements in terms of yield and soil organic carbon (SOC) under CA are slow and variable and many small-scale farmers are unable to buffer themselves against potential short-term financial losses. In this study we examined the effects of CA-related management practices on SOC sequestration and productivity at two medium-term sites on a sandy soil (eight year trial) and clay soil (six years) in maize producing areas of South Africa. Using field data, current input costs and market prices for crops, we calculated the gross margin for each system. Treatments compared conventional ploughing under maize monoculture with reduced tillage, intercropping and crop rotation. On the clay soil, SOC was increased under reduced tillage (57.6\u202ft C ha\u22121) compared to conventional tillage (54.9\u202ft C ha\u22121) while there was no difference for the sandy soil (19.7\u202ft C ha\u22121 average across treatments). Profitability was most strongly influenced by seasonal rainfall, but was higher on the sandy soil than the clay soil, with an average gross margin of R11,344 ha\u22121 and R5,686 ha\u22121, respectively. This study has demonstrated that while certain CA practices can create site-specific benefits for farmers, it is highly dependent on local weather and soil conditions. For the clay soil an additional payment scheme would be required to reward farmers in southern Africa for C-sequestration to make CA profitable and achieve increased C-mitigation through soil sequestration.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Conservation agriculture (CA)", "Losses", "Cropping systems", "Soil organic carbon (SOC)", "Crops", "Small-scale farmers", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "Maize", "Costs", "Intercropping", "Crop rotation", "Soil conservation", "Sand", "Monoculture", "Reduced tillage", "Soil conditions", "Clay", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Profitability", "Agricultural machinery", "Organic carbon"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2018.05.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2018.05.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2018.05.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2018.05.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2004.1935", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:20:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-27", "description": "Identification of diagnostic soil organic matter (SOM) fractions and the mechanisms controlling their formation and turnover is critical for better understanding of C dynamics in soils. Enhanced microaggregate formation and stabilization of C due to reduced macroaggregate turnover has been proposed as a mechanism promoting C sequestration in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage (NT) compared with conventional tillage (CT) systems in temperate soils dominated by 2:1 clay mineralogy. We evaluated the contribution of macroaggregate\uffe2\uff80\uff90protected microaggregates to total soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in NT relative to CT in three soils differing in clay mineralogy: a 2:1 clay\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated soil (2:1), a soil with mixed clay mineralogy [2:1 and 1:1] and oxides (mixed), and a soil dominated by (1:1) clay minerals and oxides (1:1). Microaggregates (mM) were isolated from macroaggregates from 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm soil layers. Particulate organic matter (POM) located within the microaggregates (intra\uffe2\uff80\uff90mM\uffe2\uff80\uff90POM) was separated from POM outside of the microaggregates (inter\uffe2\uff80\uff90mM\uffe2\uff80\uff90POM) and the mineral fraction of the microaggregates (mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90mM). In all three soils, total SOC as well as microaggregate\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated C (mM\uffe2\uff80\uff90C) was greater with NT compared with CT. Although less than half of the total SOC under NT was associated with the microaggregate fraction, more than 90% of the total difference in SOC between NT and CT was explained by the difference in mM\uffe2\uff80\uff90C in all three soils. Thus, we identified and isolated a fraction that explains almost the entire difference in total SOC between NT and CT across soils characterized by drastically different clay mineralogy.
", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Macroaggregates", "Soil organic matter", "Soil management", "Conventional tillage", "Particulate organic matter (pom)", "Conservation agriculture", "Microaggregates", "No-till", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Field Scale", "Conservation tillage", "Soil organic carbon (soc)"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2004.1935"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2004.1935", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2004.1935", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2004.1935"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0333", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-18", "description": "In semiarid agroecosystems of the Ebro valley (NE Spain) soils are characterized by low soil organic matter (SOM) and a weak structure. In this study we investigated the individual and combined effect of tillage system (no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage, NT; reduced tillage, RT; conventional tillage, CT) and cropping system (barley\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow rotation at the Pe\uffc3\uffb1aflor site, PN\uffe2\uff80\uff90BF and continuous barley at the Pe\uffc3\uffb1aflor site, PN\uffe2\uff80\uff90BB) on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage as well as the physical protection of SOM fractions by soil aggregates in three long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experimental sites. In both cropping systems, total SOC content was more than 30% higher in NT compared with CT in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth. The suppression of fallowing in the PN\uffe2\uff80\uff90BB cropping system led to a greater SOC stabilization only in NT. In all the three sites, greater proportion of water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stable macroaggregates (>250 \uffce\uffbcm) was found under NT than under CT in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth. Macroaggregate organic C concentration (250\uffe2\uff80\uff932000 \uffce\uffbcm) was greater in NT compared with CT in the BB cropping system, but did not differ with tillage treatment in the PN\uffe2\uff80\uff90BF rotation. Greater proportion of microaggregates within macroaggregates in NT compared with CT was only found in the Agramunt site (AG). However, greater C stabilized inside these microaggregates was observed in AG, Selvanera site (SV), and PN\uffe2\uff80\uff90BB in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth. The results of this study demonstrate that in the semiarid Mediterranean agroecosystems of the Ebro valley, the adoption of NT together with the suppression of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90fallowing period can significantly increase the amount of SOC stabilized in the soil surface and improve soil structure and aggregation.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil management", "Soil organic matter", "Conservation agriculture", "No-till", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Semiarid zones", "Soil", "Agricultural ecosystems", "Soil aggregation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Field Scale", "Conservation tillage", "Soil organic carbon (soc)", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0333"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0333", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0333", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2008.0333"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2139/ssrn.4681574", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:20:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-27", "title": "Is the organic carbon-to-clay ratio a reliable indicator of soil health?", "description": "Climate action plans under the Paris Climate Agreement and other national commitments aimed at improving soil-based ecosystem services require the operational monitoring of soil carbon (C). The European Union is aiming to enhance soil health, and as part of the proposed Soil Monitoring Law, the European Commission recommends the monitoring of the soil C loss indicator among other soil health indicators. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of the proposed soil C loss indicator by assessing its performance using the EU-wide 2009 LUCAS soil survey data. The proposed indicator is the soil organic carbon (SOC) to clay ratio, with a threshold value of 1:13. The results are also compared with the C stock changes reported by countries to the climate convention (UNFCCC). Our results reveal that the variation in SOC and clay content at European scale exceeds that of the data used to develop the proposed indicator. We also found that the variation in the SOC content was influenced not only by clay content but also by climate and land-use reflecting C input levels. Therefore, the defined threshold is inadequate for detecting degraded soils if the SOC and clay content are beyond the conditions used to establish the criteria. Furthermore, major discrepancies were observed between the soil carbon stock changes reported by the national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories and the proportions of degraded soils identified by using the soil C loss indicator. We conclude that employing a single indicator such as SOC:Clay ratio with one threshold value for all soils across various land covers, management practices, and climatic conditions, as defined by the European Commission for the Soil Monitoring Law, is inappropriate for monitoring soil C loss.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "agricultural soil", "550", "Forest soil", " agricultural soil", "Science", "Q", "Soil organic carbon (SOC)", "Soil monitoring", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "SOC:Clay ratio", "15. Life on land", "forest soil", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "soil organic carbon", "13. Climate action", "soil monitoring", "LUCAS soil survey", "11. Sustainability", "soc:clay ratio", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "European mineral soils", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4681574"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2139/ssrn.4681574", "name": "item", "description": "10.2139/ssrn.4681574", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2139/ssrn.4681574"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14002689", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:22:37Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "SERENA EJP SOIL: Soil organic carbon concentration map for the topsoil of Hungary (2016)", "description": "The internal EJP SOIL project\u00a0SERENA contributed to the evaluation of soil multifunctionality aiming at providing assessment tools for land planning and soil policies at different scales. By co-working with relevant\u00a0stakeholders, the project provided co-developed indicators and associated cookbooks to assess and map them, to report both on soil degradation, soil-based ecosystem services and their bundles, under actual conditions and for climate and land-use changes, at\u00a0the regional, national, and European scales. The data was prepared according to the methodology of SERENA SOC loss cookbook for the territory of Hungary. To compile the soil organic carbon map, soil organic carbon (0-30 cm, year 2016) data of the Hungarian Soil Information and Monitoring System (SIMS) were used, which are not publicly available. The selection of environmental covariates, which are then used to model and map SOC content, was based on the \u2018scorpan\u2019 model: (s) soil properties, (c) climate, (o) organisms, (r) relief, (p) parent material, (a) age and (n) spatial coordinates. The following covariates were used: soil type map of Hungary (P\u00e1sztor et al., 2018); long-term mean annual evapotranspiration, -evaporation, -precipitation, and -temperature (Szentimrey et al., 2007); CORINE Land Cover 2012; EU-DEM and derivatives; Geological map of Hungary (Gyalog & S\u00edkhegyi, 2005). Random forest kriging (RFK, combination of the random forest machine learning algorithm and the kriging technique) was used for the prediction of the SOC concentration.", "keywords": ["EJP SOIL", "Hungary", "soil organic carbon (SOC)", "SERENA project", "digital soil mapping", "SOC loss"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ben\u0151, Andr\u00e1s, Szatm\u00e1ri, G\u00e1bor, Bakacsi, Zsofia, P\u00e1sztor, L\u00e1szl\u00f3, Szab\u00f3, Brigitta, Kassai, Piroska, Kocsis, Mih\u00e1ly, Gedeon, Csongor Istv\u00e1n, Csontos, P\u00e9ter, Laborczi, Annam\u00e1ria,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14002689"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14002689", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14002689", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14002689"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14012785", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:22:37Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "SERENA EJPSOIL IT TUS SOC Loss SOC", "description": "Open AccessThe data are derived from the calculation of indicators based on a standard methodology established as\u00a0part of the EJP Soil SERENA\u00a0programme. Please keep in mind that: It is the result of a modelling exercise and does not necessarily reflect reality. Despite the efforts made to provide reliable data, the results\u00a0may contain inconsistencies,\u00a0depending\u00a0in particular on\u00a0the raw data\u00a0available\u00a0and level of accuracy of the techniques chosen\u00a0and\u00a0their prior knowledge\u00a0. It is necessary to consider how the results have been obtained\u00a0in order to\u00a0decide on their\u00a0relevance\u00a0in relation to the intended\u00a0purpose\u00a0of reuse. These results are interesting from a scientific point of view, but their use\u00a0for environmental\u00a0management and policy issues should be done keeping the previous aspects in mind and\u00a0complementing when\u00a0necessary\u00a0the provided results with the best available data. ==> Finally, it is the responsibility of the users of this information to decide whether it is appropriate to use these data and whether the data meet their needs. The authors of this resource can in no way be held responsible for the results obtained from the use of this data.", "keywords": ["EJP Soil", "Random Forest", "Italy", "Tuscany", "Soil Organic Carbon (SOC)", "SOC loss", "Topsoil", "SERENA", "Grant n 862695", "Digital Soil Mapping"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14012785"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14012785", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14012785", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14012785"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.7910/DVN/XY72SO", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-29T16:24:39Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "A dataset for soil organic carbon in agricultural systems for the Southeast Asia region", "description": "A dataset for soil organic carbon in agricultural systems for the Southeast Asia region", "keywords": ["soil organic carbon (SOC)", " soil organic matter", " Southeas", "Agricultural Sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gomez, Federico", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/XY72SO"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.7910/DVN/XY72SO", "name": "item", "description": "10.7910/DVN/XY72SO", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.7910/DVN/XY72SO"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "4c6caf307ff4d1914346b07d2355b4fc", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-29T16:27:05Z", "type": "Report", "title": "The science base of a strategic research agenda - Executive Summary", "description": "A summary presenting the challenges for soil carbon sequestration research, hypothesis to be further tested and key research (and innovation) products", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "soil organic carbon (SOC)"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bray, Andrew, Kim, John, Schrumpf, Marion, Peacock, Caroline, Schipper, Louis, Angers, Denis, Chirinda, Ngonidzashe, Zinn, Yuri, Albrecht, Alain, Kuikman, Peter, Jouquet, Pascal, Demenois, Julien, Farrell, Mark, Fontaine, S\u00e9bastien, Soussana, Jean-Francois, Kuhnert, Matthias, Milne, Eleanor, Taghizadeh-Toosi, Arezoo, Pellegrino Cerri, Carlos, Corbeels, Marc, Cardinael, Remi, Cervantes, Viridiana, Olesen, J\u00f8rgen, Batjes, Niels, Heuvelink, Gerard, Malta, Sto\u00e9cio, Maia, Ferreira, Keesstra, Saskia, Claessens, Lieven, Madari, Beata, Verchot, Louis, Nie, Wan, Brunelle, Thierry, Moran, Dominic, Frank, Stefan, Bodle, Ralph, Frelih-Larsen, Ana, Dougill, Andrew, Montanarella, Luca, Stringer, Lindsay, Chenu, Claire, Hiederer, Roland, Smith, Pete, Arias-Navarro, Cristina, Zinn, Lopes, Cervantes, Alc\u00e1ntara, Frelih-Larsen, Bodle,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/4c6caf307ff4d1914346b07d2355b4fc"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "4c6caf307ff4d1914346b07d2355b4fc", "name": "item", "description": "4c6caf307ff4d1914346b07d2355b4fc", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/4c6caf307ff4d1914346b07d2355b4fc"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "50|od______2659::694ff7c599ecdc11f0dd8cd4c4d84634", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:27:10Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "SERENA EJPSOIL IT TUS SOC Loss SOC", "description": "The internal EJP SOIL project SERENA contributed to the evaluation of soil multifunctionality aiming at providing assessment tools for land planning and soil policies at different scales. By co-working with relevant stakeholders, the project provided co-developed indicators and associated cookbooks to assess and map them, to report both on soil degradation, soil-based ecosystem services and their bundles, under actual conditions and for climate and land-use changes, at the regional, national, and European scales. The map is the result of applying the SOC loss cookbook developed in SERENA/EJP-Soil. It is based on Tuscany Region SOCdatabase (Gardin et al., 2021). Not freely available (Lamma Consortium). More information and requests to: info@lamma.toscana.it. Three versions of the map were produced. In versions v1 and v2, the dataset corresponds to a map of SOC concentrations for the Tuscany Region produced using a geostatistical approach. Ordinary kriging (Chil\u00e8s & Delfiner, 2012) coupled with local geostatistics (LGS) was used to map SOC concentration (%) in the topsoil (0-30 cm) at a regional scale in the Tuscany Region (Italy). The map has a 50 m spatial resolution. In version v3, a different approach to applying SOC loss cookbook was used. Particularly, Random Forest regression algorithm with numerous spatial covariates was applied for mapping SOC content (%) in the topsoil (0-30 cm) at regional scale in Tuscany Region (Italy). \u00a0The map has a 100 m spatial resolution.", "keywords": ["EJP Soil", "Random Forest", "Italy", "Tuscany", "Soil Organic Carbon (SOC)", "SOC loss", "Topsoil", "SERENA", "Grant n 862695", "Digital Soil Mapping"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Buttafuoco, Gabriele, Gardin, Lorenzo, Lorenzetti, Romina, Medina-Rold\u00e1n, Eduardo, Ungaro, Fabrizio,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/50|od______2659::694ff7c599ecdc11f0dd8cd4c4d84634"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "50|od______2659::694ff7c599ecdc11f0dd8cd4c4d84634", "name": "item", "description": "50|od______2659::694ff7c599ecdc11f0dd8cd4c4d84634", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/50|od______2659::694ff7c599ecdc11f0dd8cd4c4d84634"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "50|od______2659::b6395b7e6ea6ce00c3c366e98a8e6578", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:27:10Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "SERENA EJP SOIL: Soil organic carbon concentration map for the topsoil of Hungary (2016)", "description": "The internal EJP SOIL project\u00a0SERENA contributed to the evaluation of soil multifunctionality aiming at providing assessment tools for land planning and soil policies at different scales. By co-working with relevant\u00a0stakeholders, the project provided co-developed indicators and associated cookbooks to assess and map them, to report both on soil degradation, soil-based ecosystem services and their bundles, under actual conditions and for climate and land-use changes, at\u00a0the regional, national, and European scales. The data was prepared according to the methodology of SERENA SOC loss cookbook for the territory of Hungary. To compile the soil organic carbon map, soil organic carbon (0-30 cm, year 2016) data of the Hungarian Soil Information and Monitoring System (SIMS) were used, which are not publicly available. The selection of environmental covariates, which are then used to model and map SOC content, was based on the \u2018scorpan\u2019 model: (s) soil properties, (c) climate, (o) organisms, (r) relief, (p) parent material, (a) age and (n) spatial coordinates. The following covariates were used: soil type map of Hungary (P\u00e1sztor et al., 2018); long-term mean annual evapotranspiration, -evaporation, -precipitation, and -temperature (Szentimrey et al., 2007); CORINE Land Cover 2012; EU-DEM and derivatives; Geological map of Hungary (Gyalog & S\u00edkhegyi, 2005). Random forest kriging (RFK, combination of the random forest machine learning algorithm and the kriging technique) was used for the prediction of the SOC concentration.", "keywords": ["EJP SOIL", "Hungary", "soil organic carbon (SOC)", "SERENA project", "digital soil mapping", "SOC loss"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ben\u0151, Andr\u00e1s, Szatm\u00e1ri, G\u00e1bor, Bakacsi, Zsofia, P\u00e1sztor, L\u00e1szl\u00f3, Szab\u00f3, Brigitta, Kassai, Piroska, Kocsis, Mih\u00e1ly, Gedeon, Csongor Istv\u00e1n, Csontos, P\u00e9ter, Laborczi, Annam\u00e1ria,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/50|od______2659::b6395b7e6ea6ce00c3c366e98a8e6578"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "50|od______2659::b6395b7e6ea6ce00c3c366e98a8e6578", "name": "item", "description": "50|od______2659::b6395b7e6ea6ce00c3c366e98a8e6578", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/50|od______2659::b6395b7e6ea6ce00c3c366e98a8e6578"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-30T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=soil+organic+carbon+%28SOC%29&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=soil+organic+carbon+%28SOC%29&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=soil+organic+carbon+%28SOC%29&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=soil+organic+carbon+%28SOC%29&offset=14", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 14, "numberReturned": 14, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-30T09:05:04.563205Z"}