Understanding anthropogenic influences on soil respiration (Rs) is critical for accurate predictions of soil carbon fluxes, but it is not known how Rs responds to grazing exclusion (GE). Here, we conducted a manipulative experiment in a meadow grassland on the Tibetan Plateau to investigate the effects of GE on Rs. The exclusion of livestock significantly increased soil moisture and above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass, but it decreased soil temperature, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and Rs. Regression analysis indicated that the effects of GE on Rs were mainly due to changes in soil temperature, soil moisture, and MBC. Compared with the grazed blocks, GE significantly decreased soil carbon release by 23.6% over the growing season and 21.4% annually, but it increased the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of Rs by 6.5% and 14.2% for the growing season and annually respectively. Therefore, GE may reduce the release of soil carbon from the Tibetan Plateau, but under future climate warming scenarios, the increases in Q10 induced by GE could lead to increased carbon emissions.
", "keywords": ["570", "MICROBIAL RESPIRATION", "Environmental Sciences & Ecology", "Plant Productivity", "Temperature Sensitivity", "ALPINE GRASSLAND", "630", "Microbial Biomass Carbon", "NORTHERN CHINA", "SEASONAL PATTERNS", "MOUNTAIN GRASSLANDS", "Grazing Exclusion", "Tibetan Plateau", "PLANT-COMMUNITIES", "Original Research", "2. Zero hunger", "Science & Technology", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "CO2 EFFLUX", "Ecology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "INNER-MONGOLIA", "BELOW-GROUND BIOMASS", "Soil Respiration", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1867"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ece3.1867", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ece3.1867", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ece3.1867"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.045", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-27", "title": "The Manipulation Of Organic Residues Affects Tree Growth And Heterotrophic Co2 Efflux In A Tropical Eucalyptus Plantation", "description": "Fast-growing plantations are increasingly being established on tropical soils, where fertility is largely supported by soil organic matter (SOM) and where different management options of harvest organic residues is thought to impact the long-term sustainability of these plantations. The objectives of this study were: (1) to quantify the effect of contrasting methods of organic residue management on tree growth and soil CO2 effluxes in the first 2 years after planting and (2) to evaluate the impact of organic residue manipulations on the mineralization of soil organic matter over the length of the experiment. Three treatments were setup in 0.125 ha plots and replicated in three blocks at the harvesting of a Congolese Eucalyptus stand, resulting in an aboveground organic residue mass ranging from 0 to 6.3 kg m \ufffd 2 . The mineralization of SOM was deduced in each treatment by partitioning sources of soil CO2 effluxes using decomposition experiments and by upscaling specific root respiration. Soil CO2 effluxes were greatly affected by seasons and organic residue manipulation, although there were no significant changes in topsoil water content and topsoil temperature over most of the study period. Aboveground organic residue was the first contributor to soil CO2 efflux in the two treatments with a litter layer. Organic residue management did not significantly influence the mineralization of SOM in our study, probably due to the low quality of Eucalyptus litter, or to the hypothetical lack of dissolved organic carbon transfers from litter to soil. A strong relationship was found between cumulative heterotrophic CO2 efflux and tree growth, supporting the hypothesis that the early growth of Eucalyptus trees in a sandy tropical soil is largely dependent on the nutrients released by the decomposition of organic residues.", "keywords": ["P33 - Chimie et physique du sol", "0106 biological sciences", "Tropical forest plantation", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "MATTER DYNAMICS", "F62 - Physiologie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale - Croissance et d\u00e9veloppement", "Eucalyptus growth", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Harvest organic residue", "NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION", "STAND-LEVEL", "SOIL CARBON BALANCE", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33553", "ABOVEGROUND LITTER", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16118", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35657", "580", "BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES", "2. Zero hunger", "Eucalyptus", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "Soil organic matter mineralization", "r\u00e9sidu de r\u00e9colte", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1811", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "FOREST", "croissance", "K10 - Production foresti\u00e8re", "HARVEST RESIDUE", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3394", "LEAF-LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "respiration du sol", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "min\u00e9ralisation", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_15999", "mati\u00e8re organique du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2683"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.045"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.045", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.045", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.045"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00128-012-0523-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-25", "title": "Effect Of Long-Term Zinc Pollution On Soil Microbial Community Resistance To Repeated Contamination", "description": "The aim of the study was to compare the effects of stress (contamination trials) on the microorganisms in zinc-polluted soil (5,018\u00a0mg Zn\u00a0kg(-1) soil dry weight) and unpolluted soil (141\u00a0mg Zn kg(-1) soil\u00a0dw), measured as soil respiration rate. In the laboratory, soils were subjected to copper contamination (0, 500, 1,500 and 4,500\u00a0mg\u00a0kg(-1) soil\u00a0dw), and then a bactericide (oxytetracycline) combined with a fungicide (captan) along with glucose (10\u00a0mg\u00a0g(-1) soil\u00a0dw each) were added. There was a highly significant effect of soil type, copper treatment and oxytetracycline/captan treatment. The initial respiration rate of chronically zinc-polluted soil was higher than that of unpolluted soil, but in the copper treatment it showed a greater decline. Microorganisms in copper-treated soil were more susceptible to oxytetracycline/captan contamination. After the successive soil contamination trials the decline of soil respiration was greater in zinc-polluted soil than in unpolluted soil.", "keywords": ["Health", " Toxicology and Mutagenesis", "trace metals", "Oxytetracycline", "Toxicology", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Captan", "Soil", "Stress", " Physiological", "Soil Pollutants", "Soil Microbiology", "combined stressors", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "soil pollution", "Drug Resistance", " Microbial", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Pollution", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "soil respiration rate", "6. Clean water", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Fungicides", " Industrial", "Zinc", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Copper"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Klimek, Beata", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0523-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bulletin%20of%20Environmental%20Contamination%20and%20Toxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00128-012-0523-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00128-012-0523-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00128-012-0523-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-007-0750-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-05-09", "title": "Mangrove Growth In New Zealand Estuaries: The Role Of Nutrient Enrichment At Sites With Contrasting Rates Of Sedimentation", "description": "Mangrove forest coverage is increasing in the estuaries of the North Island of New Zealand, causing changes in estuarine ecosystem structure and function. Sedimentation and associated nutrient enrichment have been proposed to be factors leading to increases in mangrove cover, but the relative importance of each of these factors is unknown. We conducted a fertilization study in estuaries with different sedimentation histories in order to determine the role of nutrient enrichment in stimulating mangrove growth and forest development. We expected that if mangroves were nutrient-limited, nutrient enrichment would lead to increases in mangrove growth and forest structure and that nutrient enrichment of trees in our site with low sedimentation would give rise to trees and sediments that converged in terms of functional characteristics on control sites in our high sedimentation site. The effects of fertilizing with nitrogen (N) varied among sites and across the intertidal zone, with enhancements in growth, photosynthetic carbon gain, N resorption prior to leaf senescence and the leaf area index of canopies being significantly greater at the high sedimentation sites than at the low sedimentation sites, and in landward dwarf trees compared to seaward fringing trees. Sediment respiration (CO(2) efflux) was higher at the high sedimentation site than at the low one sedimentation site, but it was not significantly affected by fertilization, suggesting that the high sedimentation site supported greater bacterial mineralization of sediment carbon. Nutrient enrichment of the coastal zone has a role in facilitating the expansion of mangroves in estuaries of the North Island of New Zealand, but this effect is secondary to that of sedimentation, which increases habitat area and stimulates growth. In estuaries with high sediment loads, enrichment with N will cause greater mangrove growth and further changes in ecosystem function.", "keywords": ["nutrient resorption efficiency", "Whangapoua", "0106 biological sciences", "Geologic Sediments", "Nitrogen", "Performance", "soil respiration", "01 natural sciences", "Rhizophora-mangle", "C1", "Oxygen Consumption", "Plant-growth", "Herbivory", "Photosynthesis", "Deposition", "Ecosystem", "580", "photosynthesis", "Avicenna marina", "Ecology", "leaf area index", "Plant Stems", "Phosphorus", "Soil respiration", "Limitation", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Plant Leaves", "Leaf area index", "770400 Coastal and Estuarine Environment", "Nutrient resorption efficiency", "Waikopua", "Avicennia", "Seasons", "270402 Plant Physiology", "New Zealand"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-007-0750-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-007-0750-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-007-0750-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-007-0750-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s004420100656", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-02-13", "title": "Fine-Root Biomass And Fluxes Of Soil Carbon In Young Stands Of Paper Birch And Trembling Aspen As Affected By Elevated Atmospheric Co2 And Tropospheric O3", "description": "Rising atmospheric CO2 may stimulate future forest productivity, possibly increasing carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems, but how tropospheric ozone will modify this response is unknown. Because of the importance of fine roots to the belowground C cycle, we monitored fine-root biomass and associated C fluxes in regenerating stands of trembling aspen, and mixed stands of trembling aspen and paper birch at FACTS-II, the Aspen FACE project in Rhinelander, Wisconsin. Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) was used to elevate concentrations of CO2 (average enrichment concentration 535\u00a0\u00b5l l-1) and O3 (53\u00a0nl l-1) in developing forest stands in 1998 and 1999. Soil respiration, soil pCO2, and dissolved organic carbon in soil solution (DOC) were monitored biweekly. Soil respiration was measured with a portable infrared gas analyzer. Soil pCO2 and DOC samples were collected from soil gas wells and tension lysimeters, respectively, at depths of 15, 30, and 125\u00a0cm. Fine-root biomass averaged 263\u00a0g m-2 in control plots and increased 96% under elevated CO2. The increased root biomass was accompanied by a 39% increase in soil respiration and a 27% increase in soil pCO2. Both soil respiration and pCO2 exhibited a strong seasonal signal, which was positively correlated with soil temperature. DOC concentrations in soil solution averaged ~12\u00a0mg l-1 in surface horizons, declined with depth, and were little affected by the treatments. A simplified belowground C budget for the site indicated that native soil organic matter still dominated the system, and that soil respiration was by far the largest flux. Ozone decreased the above responses to elevated CO2, but effects were rarely statistically significant. We conclude that regenerating stands of northern hardwoods have the potential for substantially greater C input to soil due to greater fine-root production under elevated CO2. Greater fine-root biomass will be accompanied by greater soil C efflux as soil respiration, but leaching losses of C will probably be unaffected.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Aspen-FACE-project", "root-", "USA-", "pollutants-", "Environmental-Sciences)", "tropospheric-ozone", "forest-productivity", "01 natural sciences", "biomass-", "northern-forests", "124-38-9: CARBON DIOXIDE", "soil-carbon-flux", "terrestrial-ecosystems", "populus-tremuloides", "Cellular and Developmental Biology", "soil-carbon", "7440-44-0: CARBON", "carbon-", "fine-root", "Bioenergetics- (Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biophysics)", "Natural Resources and Environment", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "GLOBAL-ECOLOGY", "North-America", "Nearctic-region)", "Rhinelander- (Wisconsin-", "carbon-sequestration", "atmosphere-", "biomass-production", "dissolved-organic-carbon [DOC-]", "Science", "respiration-", "carbon-dioxide-enrichment", "forest-plantations", "carbon-dioxide", "carbon-storage", "fine-root-biomass", "belowground-biomass", "United-States-Wisconsin-Rhinelander", "carbon-cycle", "Health Sciences", "ozone-", "soil-respiration", "air-pollution", "global-change", "atmospheric-carbon-dioxide", "biomass", "Molecular", "15. Life on land", "ozone", "13. Climate action", "roots-", "Legacy", "Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-", "free-air-carbon-dioxide-enrichment [FREE-]: experimental-method", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Northern Forests Global Change Carbon Sequestration Soil Respiration Dissolved Organic Carbon Soil PCO2"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420100656"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s004420100656", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s004420100656", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s004420100656"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10533-018-0448-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-05", "title": "The biogeochemical consequences of litter transformation by insect herbivory in the Subarctic: a microcosm simulation experiment", "description": "Warming may increase the extent and intensity of insect defoliations within Arctic ecosystems. A thorough understanding of the implications of this for litter decomposition is essential to make predictions of soil-atmosphere carbon (C) feedbacks. Soil nitrogen (N) and C cycles naturally are interlinked, but we lack a detailed understanding of how insect herbivores impact these cycles. In a laboratory microcosm study, we investigated the growth responses of heterotrophic soil fungi and bacteria as well as C and N mineralisation to simulated defoliator outbreaks (frass addition), long-term increased insect herbivory (litter addition at higher background N-level) and non-outbreak conditions (litter addition only) in soils from a Subarctic birch forest. Larger amounts of the added organic matter were mineralised in the outbreak simulations compared to a normal year; yet, the fungal and bacterial growth rates and biomass were not significantly different. In the simulation of long-term increased herbivory, less litter C was respired per unit mineralised N (C:N of mineralisation decreased to 20\u2009\u00b1\u20091 from 38\u2009\u00b1\u20093 for pure litter), which suggests a directed microbial mining for N-rich substrates. This was accompanied by higher fungal dominance relative to bacteria and lower total microbial biomass. In conclusion, while a higher fraction of foliar C will be respired by insects and microbes during outbreak years, predicted long-term increases in herbivory linked to climate change may facilitate soil C-accumulation, as less foliar C is respired per unit mineralised N. Further work elucidating animal-plant-soil interactions is needed to improve model predictions of C-sink capacity in high latitude forest ecosystems.", "keywords": ["Ekologi", "0106 biological sciences", "Ecology", "herbivory", "Subarctic birch forest", "nitrogen mineralisation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "soil microbial ecology", "01 natural sciences", "biogeochemistry", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10533-018-0448-8.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-018-0448-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10533-018-0448-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10533-018-0448-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10533-018-0448-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10533-009-9381-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-10-13", "title": "Plant-Soil Interactions And Acclimation To Temperature Of Microbial-Mediated Soil Respiration May Affect Predictions Of Soil Co2 Efflux", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["Life Sciences", " general", "Carbon cycle modeling", "2. Zero hunger", "Ecosystem ecology", "Life Sciences", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Biogeosciences", "Ecosystems", "6. Clean water", "general", "13. Climate action", "Earth Sciences", "Environmental Chemistry", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Earth-Surface Processes", "Water Science and Technology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt74h8k7gh/qt74h8k7gh.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-009-9381-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10533-009-9381-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10533-009-9381-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10533-009-9381-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-10-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10533-010-9496-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-11", "title": "Effects Of Nitrogen Additions On Above- And Belowground Carbon Dynamics In Two Tropical Forests", "description": "Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is increasing rapidly in tropical regions, adding N to ecosystems that often have high background N availability. Tropical forests play an important role in the global carbon (C) cycle, yet the effects of N deposition on C cycling in these ecosystems are poorly understood. We used a field N-fertilization experiment in lower and upper elevation tropical rain forests in Puerto Rico to explore the responses of above- and belowground C pools to N addition. As expected, tree stem growth and litterfall productivity did not respond to N fertilization in either of these N-rich forests, indicating a lack of N limitation to net primary productivity (NPP). In contrast, soil C concentrations increased significantly with N fertilization in both forests, leading to larger C stocks in fertilized plots. However, different soil C pools responded to N fertilization differently. Labile (low density) soil C fractions and live fine roots declined with fertilization, while mineral-associated soil C increased in both forests. Decreased soil CO2 fluxes in fertilized plots were correlated with smaller labile soil C pools in the lower elevation forest (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.65, p\u00a0<\u00a00.05), and with lower live fine root biomass in the upper elevation forest (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.90, p\u00a0<\u00a00.05). Our results indicate that soil C storage is sensitive to N deposition in tropical forests, even where plant productivity is not N-limited. The mineral-associated soil C pool has the potential to respond relatively quickly to N additions, and can drive increases in bulk soil C stocks in tropical forests.", "keywords": ["58 Geosciences Aboveground Biomass", "15. Life on land", "Roots", "Aboveground Biomass", "Environmental sciences", "Soil Respiration", "Dissolved Organic Carbon", "Soil Density Fractions", "Environmental Chemistry", "Nutrient Limitation", "54 Environmental Sciences", "Geosciences", "Earth-Surface Processes", "Water Science and Technology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt7ww245cp/qt7ww245cp.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9496-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10533-010-9496-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10533-010-9496-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10533-010-9496-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2016.08.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-08-23", "title": "Aggregate Size Distribution In A Biochar-Amended Tropical Ultisol Under Conventional Hand-Hoe Tillage", "description": "Biochar (or pyrogenic organic matter) is increasingly proposed as a soil amendment for improving fertility, carbon sequestration and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. However, little is known about its effects on aggregation, an important indicator of soil quality and functioning. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Eucalyptus wood biochar (B, pyrolyzed at 550\u00a0\u00b0C, at 0 or 2.5\u00a0t\u00a0ha-1), green manure (T, from Tithonia diversifolia at 0, 2.5 or 5.0\u00a0t\u00a0ha-1) and mineral nitrogen (U, urea, at 0, or 120\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha-1) on soil respiration, aggregate size distribution and SOC in these aggregate size fractions in a 2-year field experiment on a low-fertility Ultisol in western Kenya under conventional hand-hoe tillage. Air-dry 2-mm sieved soils were divided into four fractions by wet sieving: Large Macro-aggregates (LM; >1000\u00a0\u03bcm); Small Macro-aggregates (SM, 250-1000\u00a0\u03bcm); Micro-aggregates (M, 250-53\u00a0\u03bcm) and Silt\u00a0+\u00a0Clay (S\u00a0+\u00a0C,\u2009<\u00a053\u00a0\u03bcm). We found that biochar alone did not affect a mean weight diameter (MWD) but combined application with either T. diversifolia (BT) or urea (BU) increased MWD by 34\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.2\u00a0\u03bcm (8%) and 55\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.4\u00a0\u03bcm (13%), respectively, compared to the control (P\u00a0=\u00a00.023; n\u00a0=\u00a036). The B\u00a0+\u00a0T\u00a0+\u00a0U combination increased the proportion of the LM and SM by 7.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.8%, but reduced the S\u00a0+\u00a0C fraction by 5.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.23%. SOC was 30%, 25% and 23% in S\u00a0+\u00a0C,\u00a0M and LM/SM fractions, and increased by 9.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.0, 5.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.8, 6.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.1 and 4.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.9\u00a0g\u00a0kg-1 for LM, SM, M and S\u00a0+\u00a0C, respectively. MWD was not related to either soil respiration or soil moisture but decreased with higher SOC (R2 \u00a0=\u00a00.37, P\u00a0=\u00a00.014, n\u00a0=\u00a026) and increased with greater biomass production (R2 \u00a0=\u00a00.11, P\u00a0=\u00a00.045, n\u00a0=\u00a033). Our data suggest that within the timeframe of the study, biochar is stored predominantly as free particulate OC in the silt and clay fraction and promoted a movement of native SOC from larger-size aggregates to the smaller-sized fraction in the short-term (2 years).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon", "Soil Science", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Hand-hoe tillage", "Article", "6. Clean water", "Biochar", "13. Climate action", "Soil aggregation", "Ultisol", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Earth-Surface Processes"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.08.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2016.08.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2016.08.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2016.08.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0041-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-28", "title": "Impact Of Drought And Increasing Temperatures On Soil Co2 Emissions In A Mediterranean Shrubland (Gariga)", "description": "In arid and semiarid shrubland ecosystems of the Mediterranean basin, soil moisture is a key factor controlling biogeochemical cycles and the release of CO2 via soil respiration. This is influenced by increasing temperatures. We manipulated the microclimate in a Mediterranean shrubland to increase the soil and air night-time temperatures and to reduce water input from precipitation. The objective was to analyze the extent to which higher temperatures and a drier climate influence soil CO2 emissions in the short term and on an annual basis. The microclimate was manipulated in field plots (about 25\u00a0m2) by covering the vegetation during the night (Warming treatment) and during rain events (Drought treatment). Soil CO2 effluxes were monitored in the treatments and compared to a control over a 3-year period. Along with soil respiration measurements, we recorded soil temperature at 5\u00a0cm depth by a soil temperature probe. The seasonal pattern of soil CO2 efflux was characterized by higher rates during the wet vegetative season and lower rates during the dry non-vegetative season (summer). The Warming treatment did not change SR fluxes at any sampling date. The Drought treatment decreased soil CO2 emissions on only three of 10 occasions during 2004. The variation of soil respiration with temperature and soil water content did not differ significantly among the treatments, but was affected by the season. The annual CO2 emissions were not significantly affected by the treatments. In the semi-arid Mediterranean shrubland, an increase of soil CO2 efflux in response to a moderate increase of daily minimum temperature is unlikely, whereas less precipitation can strongly affect the soil processes mainly limited by water availability.", "keywords": ["Soil respiration", " Night time warming", " Drought", " Mediterranean shrubland", " CO2 emission", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0041-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0041-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0041-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0041-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-05-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-011-0860-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-29", "title": "Leaf Litter Manipulations Alter Soil Physicochemical Properties And Tree Growth In A Neotropical Savanna", "description": "This study was aimed to assess the role that leaf litter play in nutrient cycling, nutrient soil availability and ecosystem processes in an oligotrophic tropical savanna. A four\u00a0year experiment was performed in a Neotropical savanna from the Brazilian plateau (cerrado), in which litter levels were modified, and the resulting changes in biophysical and chemical soil properties were studied. Changes in organic matter decomposition, soil respiration and stem growth of the six most common tree species were also monitored. Compared to litter removal plots, double litter plots had lower maximum soil temperature and higher soil water content, and litter decomposition rates in one of three species studied, consistent with higher soil respiration rates observed in this treatment. With the exception of Ca, there were no significant differences in nutrients between the removal, natural and double litter plots, even though most nutrients tended to increase in the double litter plots by the end of the experimental period, while in the control plots nutrient levels remained relatively constant. Of the six tree species used for growth analysis, only one, Sclerolobium paniculatum, a fast growing species with shallow roots, had a significant increase in stem growth due to litter addition. Preliminary results over four\u00a0years indicate that litter removal and addition resulted in some significant changes and tendencies that indicate that litter is effectively altering ecosystem processes. The information obtained also suggest that nutrient cycling in plots with natural litter levels (control plots) was in a closed loop; most nutrients released by litter decomposition and mineralization were absorbed and reutilized immediately by the plants, thus minimizing nutrient leakage outside the system.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "TREE GROWTH", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6", "NUTRIENT CYCLING", "SOIL FERTILITY", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "01 natural sciences", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION RATES", "SOIL RESPIRATION", "TROPICAL SAVANNAS"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-0860-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-011-0860-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-011-0860-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-011-0860-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-017-3281-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-20", "title": "Increased Litter In Subtropical Forests Boosts Soil Respiration In Natural Forests But Not Plantations Of Castanopsis Carlesii", "description": "Changes in net primary productivity in response to climate change are likely to affect litter inputs to forest soil. However, feedbacks between changes in litter input and soil carbon dynamics remain poorly understood in tropical and subtropical forests. This study aims to test whether the effects of litter manipulation on soil respiration differ between natural and plantation forests. Soil respiration, soil properties, fine root biomass and enzyme activity were measured in adjacent plots with doubling vs. eliminating litter input in both natural and plantation forests of Castanopsis carlesii in southern China. After only 3\u00a0years of litter manipulation, the magnitude of change in soil respiration was greater in response to a doubling of the litter input (+24%) than to the elimination of litter input (\u221215%) in the natural forest, possibly due to a positive priming effect on decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC). The quick and intense priming effect was corroborated by elevated enzyme activities for five of the six enzymes analyzed. In contrast, the response to litter removal (\u221231%) was greater than the response to litter addition (1%; not significant) in the plantation forest. The lack of positive priming in the plantation forest may be related to its lower soil fertility, which could not meet the demand of soil microbes, and to its high clay content, which protected SOC from microbial attack. The positive priming effect in the natural forest but not plantation forest of C. carlesii is also consistent with the significant declines in total soil carbon observed following litter addition in the natural forest but not the plantation forest. Increases in aboveground litter production may trigger priming effects and subsequently transfer more soil carbon to atmospheric CO2 in the natural forest but not in the plantation forest with low fertility. Changes in litter inputs resulting from global change drivers may have different impacts on natural and plantation forests.", "keywords": ["Litter addition", "Carbon cycling", "Subtropical forest", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Litter removal", "Priming effect", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-017-3281-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-017-3281-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-017-3281-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-017-3281-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-05-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108400", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-24", "title": "The mechanisms underpinning microbial resilience to drying and rewetting \u2013 A model analysis", "description": "Abstract Soil moisture is one of the most important factors controlling the activity and diversity of soil microorganisms. Soils exposed to pronounced cycles of drying and rewetting (D/RW) exhibit disconnected patterns in microbial growth and respiration at RW. These patterns differ depending on the preceding soil moisture history, leading to contrasting amounts of carbon retained in the soil as biomass versus that respired as CO2. The mechanisms underlying these microbially-induced dynamics are still unclear. In this work, we used the process-based soil microbial model EcoSMMARTS to offer candidate explanations for: i) how soil moisture can shape the structure of microbial communities, ii) how soil moisture history affects the responses during D/RW, iii) what microbial mechanisms control the shape, intensity and duration of these responses, and iv) what carbon sources sustain the increased biogeochemical rates after RW. We first evaluated the response to D/RW in bacterial communities previously exposed to two different stress histories (\u2018moderate\u2019 vs \u2018severe\u2019 soil moisture regimes). We found that both the history of soil moisture and the harshness of the dry period preceding the rewetting shaped the structure and physiology of microbial communities. The characteristics of these communities determined the harshness experienced and the nature of the responses to RW obtained. Modelled communities exposed to extended severe conditions showed a resilient response to D/RW, whereas those exposed to moderate environments exhibited a more sensitive response. We then interchanged the soil moisture regimes and found that the progressive adaptation of microbial physiology and structure to new environmental conditions resulted in a switch in the response patterns. These microbial changes also determined the contribution of biomass synthesis, osmoregulation, mineralization by cell residues, and disruption of soil aggregates to CO2 emissions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Water stress", "Birch effect", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Agriculture", " Forestry and Fisheries", "Microbial growth", "01 natural sciences", "Ecological strategies", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Jordbruk", " skogsbruk och fiske", "Soil moisture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108400"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108400", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108400", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108400"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13595-013-0294-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-15", "title": "Responses Of Labile Soil Organic Carbon And Enzyme Activity In Mineral Soils To Forest Conversion In The Subtropics", "description": "& Aims Globally, extensive areas of native forest have been almost replaced by plantations to meet the demands for timber, fuel material and other forest products. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of forest conversion on labile soil organic C (SOC), soil respiration, and enzyme activity, and to quantify their relationship in subtropical forest ecosystems. & Methods Surface mineral soil (0\u201320 cm) was collected from a Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook. plantation, Pinus massoniana Lamb. plantation, Michelia macclurei Dandy plantation, and an undisturbed native broadleaf forest. Soil microbial biomass C, dissolved organic C, permanganateoxidizable C, basal respiration, and six enzyme activities were investigated. & Results Soil microbial biomass C was higher by 45.9 % in native broadleaf forest than that in M. macclurei Dandy plantation. The ratio of soil microbial biomass C to total SOC was 27.6 % higher in the M. macclurei Dandy plantation than in the native broadleaf forest. The soil respiration increased by 25.2 %a nd 21.7 %a fter conversion from native broadleaf forest to P. massoniana Lamb. and M. macclurei Dandy plantations respectively. The effects of forest conversion on the soil enzyme activities differed among the tree species. Soil microbial biomass C had higher correlation with soil respiration than with the other SOC fractions. Moreover, soil microbial biomass C was positively correlated with urease and negatively correlated with cellulase activity. Soil respiration had higher correlation with soil microbial biomass C, dissolved organic C and permanganate-oxidizable C. & Conclusion Forest conversion affected the soil microbial biomass C, soil respiration, invertase, cellulase, urease, catalase, acid phosphatase, and polyphenol oxidase activities, but their response depended on tree species. Soil respiration was mainly controlled by labile SOC, not by total SOC.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil enzyme", "13. Climate action", "Land-use change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Labile soil organic C", "[SDV.SA.SF] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture", " forestry", "15. Life on land", "Tree species"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Silong Wang, Fuming Xiao, Tongxin He, Qingkui Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-013-0294-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20Forest%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13595-013-0294-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13595-013-0294-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13595-013-0294-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13595-016-0547-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-03-24", "title": "Effects Of Experimental Warming On Soil Respiration And Biomass In Quercus Variabilis Blume And Pinus Densiflora Sieb. Et Zucc. Seedlings", "description": "AbstractKey messageIn the open-field warming experiment using infrared heaters, 3\u00a0\u00b0C warming affected soil respiration more in the deciduousQuercus variabilisBlume plot than in the evergreenPinus densifloraSieb. et Zucc. plot, but did not affect the plant biomass in either species.ContextUnderstanding the species-specific responses of belowground carbon processes to warming is essential for the accurate prediction of forest carbon cycles in ecosystems affected by future climate change.AimsThis study aimed to investigate the effect of experimental warming on soil CO2 efflux, soil-air CO2 concentration, and plant biomass for two taxonomically different temperate tree species.MethodsExperimental warming was conducted in an open-field planted with Q. variabilis and P. densiflora seedlings. Infrared heaters increased the air temperature by 3\u00a0\u00b0C in the warmed plots compared with the air temperature in the control plots over a 2-year period.ResultsThe increase in air and soil temperature stimulated soil CO2 efflux by 29 and 22\u00a0% for the Q. variabilis and P. densiflora plots, respectively. Seasonal variation in the warming effect on soil CO2 efflux was species-specific. Soil CO2 efflux was also positively related to both soil temperature and soil water content. The soil moisture deficit decreased the difference in soil CO2 efflux between the control and warmed plots. Warming did not affect soil CO2 concentration and plant biomass in either species; however, the mean soil CO2 concentration was positively correlated with root and total biomass.ConclusionWarming increased soil CO2 efflux in both Q. variabilis and P. densiflora plots, while the increase showed remarkable seasonal variations and different magnitudes for the two species.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "soil temperature", "evergreen tree", "soil water", "Red pine", "seedling", "soil respiration", "01 natural sciences", "experimental study", "Pinus resinosa", "Climate change", "Pinus densiflora", "seasonal variation", "concentration (composition)", "Quercus variabilis", "Oriental oak", "carbon dioxide", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "air temperature", "carbon flux", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "coniferous tree", "phytomass", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Experimental warming", "soil moisture", "deciduous tree"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-016-0547-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20Forest%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13595-016-0547-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13595-016-0547-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13595-016-0547-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s42832-021-0114-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-25", "title": "Tire abrasion particles negatively affect plant growth even at low concentrations and alter soil biogeochemical cycling", "description": "AbstractTire particles (TPs) are a major source of microplastic on land, and considering their chemical composition, they represent a potential hazard for the terrestrial environment. We studied the effects of TPs at environmentally relevant concentrations along a wide concentration gradient (0\uffe2\uff80\uff93160 mg g\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and tested the effects on plant growth, soil pH and the key ecosystem process of litter decomposition and soil respiration. The addition of TPs negatively affected shoot and root growth already at low concentrations. Tea litter decomposition slightly increased with lower additions of TPs but decreased later on. Soil pH increased until a TP concentration of 80 mg g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and leveled off afterwards. Soil respiration clearly increased with increasing concentration of added TPs. Plant growth was likely reduced with starting contamination and stopped when contamination reached a certain level in the soil. The presence of TPs altered a number of biogeochemical soil parameters that can have further effects on plant performance. Considering the quantities of yearly produced TPs, their persistence, and toxic potential, we assume that these particles will eventually have a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems.
", "keywords": ["570", "Soil respiration ; Soil pH ; Litter decomposition ; Microplastic pollution ; Tire particles ; Soil Pollution", " Control", " and Remediation ; Research Article ; Plant growth", "Litter decomposition", "Soil respiration", "Soil pH", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Microplastic pollution", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Tire particles", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Plant growth", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42832-021-0114-2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s42832-021-0114-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Ecology%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s42832-021-0114-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s42832-021-0114-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s42832-021-0114-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-31", "title": "Impact On Soil Quality Of A 10-Year-Old Short-Rotation Coppice Poplar Stand Compared With Intensive Agricultural And Uncultivated Systems In A Mediterranean Area", "description": "Bioenergy crops play an ecologically and economically fundamental role as an alternative to agri-food productions and as renewable energy sources. Little attention has been focused on soil quality following conversion of agricultural lands to biomass crops. Here, we assessed the impact of a 10-year-old short-rotation coppice (SRC) poplar stand on the main soil chemical parameters, microbial biomass carbon, soil respiration, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), compared with intensive agricultural and uncultivated systems. Three different harvest frequencies of poplar SRC (annual T1, biannual T2 and triennial T3 cutting cycles) were evaluated. Multivariate analysis showed that poplar SRC improved soil quality compared with intensive agricultural and uncultivated systems. T1 and T2 positively affected AMF inoculum potential and root colonisation of a co-occurring plant species, while T3 improved the majority of soil chemical and biochemical parameters. Moreover, three different AMF morphospecies belonging to the genera Glomus and Scutellospora were found in poplar SRC, while morphospecies belonging exclusively to genera Glomus were recorded in intensive agricultural and uncultivated systems. Such aspects have agro-ecological implications, since the positive changes of soil nutrient availability and carbon content together with a high abundance and diversity of soil biota show clear soil sustainability of poplar SRC.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Short-rotation forestry; Cutting cycle; Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Microbial biomass carbon; Soil respiration; Multivariate analysis", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.12.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-29", "title": "Long- And Short-Term Precipitation Effects On Soil Co2 Efflux And Total Belowground Carbon Allocation", "description": "Abstract Soil CO 2 efflux ( E soil ), the main pathway of C movement from the biosphere to the atmosphere, is critical to the terrestrial C cycle but how precipitation and soil moisture influence E soil remains poorly understood. Here, we irrigated a longleaf pine wiregrass savanna for six years; this increased soil moisture by 41.2%. We tested how an altered precipitation regime affected total belowground carbon allocation (TBCA), root growth, soil carbon, and E soil . We used two methods to quantify E soil : daytime biweekly manual measurements and automated continuous measurements for one year. We hypothesized that the low-frequency manual method would miss both short- and long-term (i.e., subdaily to annual, respectively) effects of soil moisture on E soil while the high-frequency data from the automated method would allow the effects of soil moisture to be discerned. Root growth was significantly higher in irrigated plots, particularly at 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth. Irrigated annual E soil was significantly greater than that of the control when estimated with the continuous measurements but not when estimated from biweekly measurements. The difference in annual E soil estimates is likely due to (1) the delayed increase in E soil following irrigation pulses of soil moisture (i.e., variation that the biweekly manual measurements missed) and (2) the diel timing of biweekly manual measurements (they were completed early to mid-day before peak efflux). With irrigation, estimates of TBCA increased almost two-fold with automated measurements but only 36% with intermittent measurements. Relative to controls, irrigated treatments stored almost 2\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 more in soils and 0.26\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 more in roots. High-frequency measurements of E soil were essential to estimate total belowground carbon allocation. With irrigation, soil carbon pools were not at steady-state, so shifts in soil carbon storage must be considered in TBCA estimates.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Root demography", "Carbon allocation", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Longleaf pine", "Irrigation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.12.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.12.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.12.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.12.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-09", "title": "Effects Of Experimental Warming And Nitrogen Addition On Soil Respiration And Ch4 Fluxes From Crop Rotations Of Winter Wheat-Soybean/Fallow", "description": "Soil respiration and CH4 emissions play a significant role in the global carbon balance. However, in situ studies in agricultural soils on responses of soil respiration and CH4 fluxes to climate warming are still sparse, especially from long-term studies with year-round heating. A warming experiment was conducted at Luancheng research station in the North China Plain from 2008 to 2013. Two levels of temperature (T: increase on average 1.5 degrees C at 5 cm soil depth by infrared heaters, C: ambient temperature) were combined with two levels of nitrogen (N) treatments (N1: with 315 kg N ha(-1) y(-1), NO: no nitrogen input) in the farmland.Soil was found to be a sink for CH4 with no marked seasonal variations. In the wheat-growing season, warming and N input both decreased cumulative CH4 uptake, probably because warming-induced soil drying in N1 treatment reduced (or limited) methanotroph activity by affecting soil NH4 concentration. Across years, CH4 emissions were negatively correlated with soil temperature in Ni treatment. Soil respiration showed clear seasonal fluctuations, with the largest emissions during summer and smallest in winter. Warming and nitrogen fertilization had no significant effects on total cumulative soil CO2 fluxes. Soil respiration was positively correlated with microbial biomass C, and microbial biomass C was not affected significantly by warming or nitrogen addition. The lack of significant effects of warming on soil respiration may have resulted from: (1) warming-induced soil drying offsetting the effects of soil temperature; or (2) adaption of soil respiration to increased temperature. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.", "keywords": ["wheat-soybean-fallow", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen fertilization", "CH4", "13. Climate action", "soil warming", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "soil microbial biomass", "3. Good health"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110503", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-03-18", "title": "Linking soil extracellular enzymes with soil respiration under altered litter inputs", "description": "Climate and land-use changes have altered both litter quality and quantity, with cascading impacts on soil respiration (SR). Soil extracellular enzymes (EEs) like cellulase and ligninase are crucial for deconstructing plant litter because they convert polymers into monomers. However, whether and how changes in litter inputs influence soil cellulase and ligninase activities as well as the implications for SR remain poorly understood. We conducted a global meta-analysis of 827 observations on the responses of SR and soil cellulase and ligninase activities to litter addition and litter removal. Litter addition significantly increased cellulase activity by 25 %, whereas litter removal decreased it by 26 %. Neither litter addition nor litter removal affected ligninase activity. Changes in cellulase activity correlated positively with SR under both litter addition and litter removal, but no such relationship was found for ligninase activity. These results indicate that changes in litter inputs affect SR primarily by affecting the microbial decomposition of readily decomposable rather than more structurally complex carbon pools. In addition, the effects of changes in litter inputs on cellulase activity decreased with treatment duration, suggesting that the long-term effects of changes in litter inputs on SR might be smaller than previously thought. Our results underscore the dominant role of cellulase in mediating the responses of SR to altered litter inputs. Integrating cellulase responses to altered litter inputs into Earth system models could improve the representation of microbial processes and refine the predictions of soil carbon dynamics.
", "keywords": ["Soil carbon pools", "Litter alternations", "Soil respiration", "Global changes", "Soil extracellular enzymes", "Soil microorganisms"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110503"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110503", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110503", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110503"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.032", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-02-08", "title": "A Microcosm Approach To Assessing The Effects Of Earthworm Inoculation And Oat Cover Cropping On Co2 Fluxes And Biological Properties In An Amended Semiarid Soil", "description": "We designed a microcosm experiment to assess the influence of inoculation with Eisenia foetida earthworms and the establishment of an Avena sativa cover crop on biological (enzyme activities and labile carbon fractions) soil quality indicators in a soil treated with a composted organic residue, and to determine the contribution of these treatments to carbon dioxide emissions from the soil to the atmosphere of the microcosm. The microcosms were incubated for 53 days under 28 degrees C/18 degrees C day/night temperatures. The addition of earthworms and the planting of A. sativa increased dehydrogenase activity of compost amended soil by about 44% after 23 days of incubation. The metabolic potential, calculated as the ratio dehydrogenase activity/water soluble C, was higher in the compost amended soil planted with A. sativa. The highest total amount of CO2-C evolved occurred in the soil treated with composted residue and earthworms (about 40% of the total amount of CO2 evolved came from earthworm activity). The planting of A. sativa increased the decomposition rate constant of organic matter in the amended soil but decreased the potentially mineralizable C pool. In conclusion, the establishment of an A. sativa cover crop and the addition of E. foetida to a degraded agricultural soil treated with composted residue were effective treatments for improving the biological and biochemical quality and the metabolic potential of the soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Water soluble carbon", "Time Factors", "Avena", "Atmosphere", "Temperature", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "Eisenia foetida", "Dehydrogenase activity", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oligochaeta", "Organic Chemicals", "Oxidoreductases", "Mineralization potential", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.032"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.032", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.032", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.032"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.07.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-08-22", "title": "The Influence Of Soluble Carbon And Fertilizer Nitrogen On Nitric Oxide And Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Two Contrasting Agricultural Soils", "description": "Contradictory effects of simultaneous available organic C and N sources on nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitric oxide (NO) fluxes are reported in the literature. In order to clarify this controversy, laboratory experiments were conduced on two different soils, a semiarid arable soil from Spain (soil I, pH=7.5, 0.8%C) and a grassland soil from Scotland (soil II, pH=5.5, 4.1%C). Soils were incubated at two different moisture contents, at a water filled pore space (WFPS) of 90% and 40%. Ammonium sulphate, added at rates equivalent to 200 and 50 kg N ha\u22121, stimulated N2O and NO emissions in both soils. Under wet conditions (90% WFPS), at high and low rates of N additions, cumulative N2O emissions increased by 250.7 and 8.1 ng N2O\u2013N g\u22121 in comparison to the control, respectively, in soil I and by 472.2 and 2.1 ng N2O\u2013N g\u22121, respectively, in soil II. NO emissions only significantly increased in soil I at the high N application rate with and without glucose addition and at both 40% and 90% WFPS. In both soils additions of glucose together with the high N application rate (200 kg N ha\u22121) reduced cumulative N2O and NO emissions by 94% and 55% in soil I, and by 46% and 66% in soil II, respectively. These differences can be explained by differences in soil properties, including pH, soil mineral N and total and dissolved organic carbon content. It is speculated that nitrifier denitrification was the main source of NO and N2O in the C-poor Spanish soil, and coupled nitrification\u2013denitrification in the C-rich Scottish soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "mitigation", "mineral N", "nitrous oxide", "nitric oxide", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "glucose", "soil moisture", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.07.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.07.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.07.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.07.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.02.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-11", "title": "Litter Contribution To Diurnal And Annual Soil Respiration In A Tropical Montane Cloud Forest", "description": "Respiration of CO2 from soils (Rs) is a major component of the carbon cycle of ecosystems, but understanding is still poor of both the relative contributions of different respiratory sources to Rs, and the environmental factors that drive diurnal variations in Rs. We measured total and litter-free Rs at half-hourly intervals over full 24 h periods, and thereafter twice a month for 10 months in a tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF) in Peru. Total Rs declined by about 61% during the night as a result of variations in respiration rate in the litter, which were partly correlated with the soil surface air temperature. Most of the diurnal variation of Rs in this TMCF appears to be driven by respiration in the litter layer, which contributed 37% to the total soil CO2 efflux. Total Rs rates at this particular site would have been overestimated by 60% if derived from daytime measurements that had not been corrected for diurnal variations in Rs.", "keywords": ["Diurnal soil respiration variation", "Diurnal variations", "Tropics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Environment", "15. Life on land", "Keywords: Carbon cycles", "Relative contributions", "Litter respiration", "Respiration rates", "Soil surfaces", "13. Climate action", "Environmental factors", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Tropical montane cloud forest", "S Diurnal soil respiration variation", "Litter layers", "Soil CO", "Sodium compounds"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/79958/5/f5625xPUB8309.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/79958/7/01_ZIMMERMANN_Litter_contribution_to_diurnal_2009.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.02.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.02.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.02.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.02.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.10.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-10-10", "title": "The Response Of Organic Matter Mineralisation To Nutrient And Substrate Additions In Sub-Arctic Soils", "description": "Abstract Global warming in the Arctic may alter decomposition rates in Arctic soils and therefore nutrient availability. In addition, changes in the length of the growing season may increase plant productivity and the\u00a0rate of labile C input below ground. We carried out an experiment in which inorganic nutrients (NH 4 NO 3 and NaPO 4 ) and organic substrates (glucose and glycine) were added to soils sampled from across the mountain birch forest-tundra heath ecotone in northern Sweden (organic and mineral soils from the forest, and organic soil only from the heath). Carbon dioxide production was then monitored continuously over the following 19 days. Neither inorganic N nor P additions substantially affected soil respiration rates when added separately. However, combined N and P additions stimulated microbial activity, with the response being greatest in the birch forest mineral soil (57% increase in CO 2 production compared with 26% in the heath soil and 8% in the birch forest organic soil). Therefore, mineralisation rates in these soils may\u00a0be stimulated if the overall nutrient availability to microbes increases in response to global change, but N deposition alone is unlikely to enhance decomposition. Adding either, or both, glucose and glycine increased microbial respiration. Isotopic separation indicated that the mineralisation of native soil organic matter (SOM) was stimulated by glucose addition in the heath soil and the forest mineral soil, but not in the forest organic soil. These positive \u2018priming\u2019 effects were lost following N addition in forest mineral soil, and following both N and P additions in the heath soil. In order to meet enhanced microbial nutrient demand, increased inputs of labile C from plants could stimulate the mineralisation of SOM, with the soil C stocks in the tundra-heath potentially most vulnerable.", "keywords": ["570", "550", "Nitrogen", "Atmospheric carbon dioxide Environmental aspects", "Glycine", "Phosphorus", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Climatic changes Environmental aspects", "630", "Arctic", "Glucose", "Priming", "13. Climate action", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Global environmental change", "Climatic changes Arctic regions", "Mountain birch", "Tundra-heath", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.10.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.10.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.10.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.10.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-14", "title": "Nitrogen Alters Carbon Dynamics During Early Succession In Boreal Forest", "description": "Boreal forests are an important source of wood products, and fertilizers could be used to improve forest yields, especially in nutrient poor regions of the boreal zone. With climate change, fire frequencies may increase, resulting in a larger fraction of the boreal landscape present in early-successional stages. Since most fertilization studies have focused on mature boreal forests, the response of burned boreal ecosystems to increased nutrient availability is unclear. Therefore, we used a nitrogen (N) fertilization experiment to test how C cycling in a recently-burned boreal ecosystem would respond to increased N availability. We hypothesized that fertilization would increase rates of decomposition, soil respiration, and the activity of extracellular enzymes involved in C cycling, thereby reducing soil C stocks. In line with our hypothesis, litter mass loss increased significantly and activities of cellulose- and chitin-degrading enzymes increased by 45\u201361% with N addition. We also observed a significant decline in C concentrations in the organic soil horizon from 19.5 \u00b1 0.7% to 13.5 \u00b1 0.6%, and there was a trend toward lower total soil C stocks in the fertilized plots. Contrary to our hypothesis, mean soil respiration over three growing seasons declined by 31% from 78.3 \u00b1 6.5 mg CO2\u2013C m\u22122 h\u22121 to 54.4 \u00b1 4.1 mg CO2\u2013C m\u22122 h\u22121. These changes occurred despite a 2.5-fold increase in aboveground net primary productivity with N, and were accompanied by significant shifts in the structure of the fungal community, which was dominated by Ascomycota. Our results show that the C cycle in early-successional boreal ecosystems is highly responsive to N addition. Fertilization results in an initial loss of soil C followed by depletion of soil C substrates and development of a distinct and active fungal community. Total microbial biomass declines and respiration rates do not keep pace with plant inputs. These patterns suggest that N fertilization could transiently reduce but then increase ecosystem C storage in boreal regions experiencing more frequent fires.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Decomposition", "Extracellular enzyme", "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Fungi", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Fire", "Soil carbon", "01 natural sciences", "Nitrogen fertilization", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Boreal forest", "Succession", "Alaska", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt4z375574/qt4z375574.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.026", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.07.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-28", "title": "Resistance Of Microbial And Soil Properties To Warming Treatment Seven Years After Boreal Fire", "description": "Boreal forests store a large fraction of global terrestrial carbon and are susceptible to environmental change, particularly rising temperatures and increased fire frequency. These changes have the potential to drive positive feedbacks between climate warming and the boreal carbon cycle. Because few studies have examined the warming response of boreal ecosystems recovering from fire, we established a greenhouse warming experiment near Delta Junction, Alaska, seven years after a 1999 wildfire. We hypothesized that experimental warming would increase soil CO2 efflux, stimulate nutrient mineralization, and alter the composition and function of soil fungal communities. Although our treatment resulted in 1.20 \u00b0C soil warming, we found little support for our hypothesis. Only the activities of cellulose- and chitin-degrading enzymes increased significantly by 15% and 35%, respectively, and there were no changes in soil fungal communities. Warming resulted in drier soils, but the corresponding change in soil water potential was probably not sufficient to limit microbial activity. Rather, the warming response of this soil may be constrained by depletion of labile carbon substrates resulting from combustion and elevated soil temperatures in the years after the 1999 fire. We conclude that positive feedbacks between warming and the microbial release of soil carbon are weak in boreal ecosystems lacking permafrost. Since permafrost-free soils underlie 45\u201360% of the boreal zone, our results should be useful for modeling the warming response during recovery from fire in a large fraction of the boreal forest.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Decomposition", "0303 health sciences", "Extracellular enzyme", "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Fungi", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "Soil respiration", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Fire", "Soil carbon", "Climate Action", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Boreal forest", "Warming", "Succession", "Alaska", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt2zk6k6ms/qt2zk6k6ms.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.07.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.07.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.07.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.07.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-28", "title": "Reduction In Snow Depth Negatively Affects Decomposers But Impact On Decomposition Rates Is Substrate Dependent", "description": "Decomposition of organic matter in high latitude biomes makes a significant contribution to global fluxes of nutrients and carbon and is expected to accelerate due to climate change. The majority of studies have focused on decomposition during the growing season, but winter climate is expected to change dramatically. Furthermore, knowledge of the drivers of organic matter decomposition, such as litter chemical composition, has primarily been tested across the growing season so it is unknown whether these drivers are also important during the winter. Given that the depth of snow cover insulates the sub-nivean climate from the much colder air, it is an important control on winter decomposition and is expected to be influenced by climate change, we experimentally manipulated snow cover to simulate impacts of different winter precipitation scenarios on soil processes. Our results show that despite snow reduction negatively affecting decomposer abundance (by 99%) and bulk soil respiration (by 47%), litter decomposition rates showed little to no response. Furthermore, variation in winter decomposition rates among litter types was unrelated to nutrient status, indicating that our current understanding of drivers of litter decomposition may not hold during winter months. Despite very large reductions in decomposer fauna due to snow removal, litter decomposition rates were not consistently responsive, indicative of decoupled responses of soil organisms and soil processes to winter climate change. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. (Less)", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Winter", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "13. Climate action", "Snow", "Litter", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Collembola", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Mass loss", "Acari"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2023.109121", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-07-04", "title": "When dry soil is re-wet, trehalose is respired instead of supporting microbial growth", "description": "When dry soil is re-wet there is a rapid increase in CO2 efflux and rates can remain above those of well-watered controls for one or more days. These large pulses of CO2 efflux are known as the `Birch effect. To provide experimental evidence of different pools of C fuelling the Birch effect, we incubated a drying soil with 13C6glucose, re wet the soil and quantified 13C labelling of pools (microbial biomass, trehalose, extracellular, and old C) and soil CO2 efflux. We took advantage of trehalose being the most 13C-enriched pool (& delta;13C = +518%o) to obtain direct isotopic evidence of trehalose's contribution to respiration and microbial growth. For soil incubated with 13C6-glucose, the & delta;13C of soil respiration was +35%o in dry soil, increased to 100%o in the 10 min following rewetting, and subsequently decreased. During the first 5 h after re-wetting, trehalose must have been contributing to respiration given that & delta;13C of soil respiration was more 13C enriched than trehalose-free microbial biomass (& delta;13C = +30%o), extracellular C (& delta;13C = -17.7%o), and old C (& delta;13C = -22.9%o). A four-member isotopic mixing model suggested trehalose underpinned 16% of respiration in the 1st hour after rewetting, decreasing to 7% in the fifth hour. At times beyond 5 h after rewetting, trehalose underpinned 0-4% of respiration. In the seven days following rewetting, microbial biomass increased 2292 nmol C g-1. Isotopic mass balance indicated trehalose-C could account for no more than 5% of the gross influx of C into microbial biomass, instead the increase in microbial biomass was fuelled by unlabelled or weakly labelled pools such as old C and extracellular C. Collectively these data provide direct experimental evidence C from trehalose does not significantly contribute to microbial growth in re-wet soil, but instead contributes to respiration for the first 5 h after rewetting.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Ekologi", "Mass spectrometry", "Ecology", "Isotope", "Osmolyte", "Trehalose", "Jordbruk", " skogsbruk och fiske", "Birch effect", "Soil respiration", "Agriculture", " Forestry and Fisheries", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2023.109121"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2023.109121", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2023.109121", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2023.109121"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.11.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-01-05", "title": "Short-Term Soil Co2 Emission After Conventional And Reduced Tillage Of A No-Till Sugar Cane Area In Southern Brazil", "description": "The impact of tillage systems on soil CO2 emission is a complex issue as different soil types are managed in various ways, from no-till to intensive land preparation. In southern Brazil, the adoption of a new management option has arisen most recently, with no-tillage as well as no burning of crops residues left on soil surface after harvesting, especially in sugar cane areas. Although such practice has helped to restore soil carbon, the tillage impact on soil carbon loss in such areas has not been widely investigated. This study evaluated the effect of moldboard plowing followed by offset disk harrow and chisel plowing on clay oxisol CO2 emission in a sugar cane field treated with no-tillage and high crop residues input in the last 6 years. Emissions after tillage were compared to undisturbed soil CO2 emissions during a 4-week period by using an LI-6400 system coupled to a portable soil chamber. Conventional tillage caused the highest emission during almost the whole period studied, except for the efflux immediately following tillage, when the reduced plot produced the highest peak. The lowest emissions were recorded 7 days after tillage, at the end of a dry period, when soil moisture reached its lowest rate. A linear regression between soil CO2 effluxes and soil moisture in the no-till and conventional plots corroborate the fact that moisture, and not soil temperature, was a controlling factor. Total soil CO2 loss was huge and indicates that the adoption of reduced tillage would considerably decrease soil carbon dioxide emission in our region, particularly during the summer season and when growers leave large amounts of crop residues on the soil surface. Although it is known that crop residues are important for restoring soil carbon, our result indicates that an amount equivalent to approximately 30% of annual crop carbon residues could be transferred to the atmosphere, in a period of 4 weeks only, when conventional tillage is applied on no-tilled soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil CO2 emission", "Soils - Tillage", "13. Climate action", "no-tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.11.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.11.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.11.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.11.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.11.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-01-18", "title": "Soil Co2 Efflux Following Rotary Tillage Of A Tropical Soil", "description": "Abstract Stopping the increase of atmospheric CO 2 level is an important task and information on how to implement adjustments on tillage practices could help lower soil CO 2 emissions would be helpful. We describe how rotary tiller use on a red latosol affected soil CO 2 efflux. The impact of changing blade rotation speed and rear shield position on soil CO 2 efflux was investigated. Significant differences among treatments were observed up to 10 days after tillage. Cumulative CO 2 efflux was as much as 40% greater when blade rotation of 216\u00a0rpm and a lowered rear shield was compared to blade rotation of 122\u00a0rpm and raised shield. This preliminary work suggests that adjusting rotary tiller settings could help reduce CO 2 efflux close to that of undisturbed soil, thereby helping to conserve soil carbon in tropical environments.", "keywords": ["Soil management", "soil tillage systems", "rotary tiller", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil CO2 efflux", "soil respiration", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.11.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.11.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.11.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.11.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00585", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-29", "title": "Soil Storage Conditions Alter the Effects of Tire Wear Particles on Microbial Activities in Laboratory Tests", "description": "In this study, we focused on the fact that soil storage conditions in the laboratory have never been considered as a key factor potentially leading to high variation when measuring effects of microplastics on soil microbial activity. We stored field-collected soils under four different conditions [room-temperature storage, low-temperature storage (LS), air drying (AD), and heat drying] prior to the experiment. Each soil was treated with tire wear particles (TWPs), and soil microbial activities and water aggregate stability were investigated after soil incubation. As a result, microbial activities, including soil respiration and three enzyme activities (\u03b2-glucosidase, N-acetyl-\u03b2-glucosaminidase, and phosphatase), were shown to depend on soil storage conditions. Soil respiration rates increased with the addition of TWPs, and the differences from the control group (no TWPs added) were more pronounced in the AD TWP treatment than in soils stored under other conditions. In contrast, phosphatase activity followed an opposing trend after the addition of TWPs. The AD soil had higher phosphatase activity after the addition of TWPs, while the LS soil had a lower level than the control group. We suggest that microplastic effects in laboratory experiments can strongly depend on soil storage conditions.", "keywords": ["570", "microbial activities", "enzymes", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "microplastic", "soil respiration", "soil pretreatment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00585"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00585"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00585", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00585", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00585"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/ab239c", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-30", "title": "Global soil acidification impacts on belowground processes", "description": "AbstractWith continuous nitrogen (N) enrichment and sulfur (S) deposition, soil acidification has accelerated and become a global environmental issue. However, a full understanding of the general pattern of ecosystem belowground processes in response to soil acidification due to the impacting factors remains elusive. We conducted a meta-analysis of soil acidification impacts on belowground functions using 304 observations from 49 independent studies, mainly including soil cations, soil nutrient, respiration, root and microbial biomass. Our results show that acid addition significantly reduced soil pH by 0.24 on average, with less pH decrease in forest than non-forest ecosystems. The response ratio of soil pH was positively correlated with site precipitation and temperature, but negatively with initial soil pH. Soil base cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+) decreased while non-base cations (Al3+, Fe3+) increased with soil acidification. Soil respiration, fine root biomass, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were significantly reduced by 14.7%, 19.1%, 9.6% and 12.1%, respectively, under acid addition. These indicate that soil carbon processes are sensitive to soil acidification. Overall, our meta-analysis suggests a strong negative impact of soil acidification on belowground functions, with the potential to suppress soil carbon emission. It also arouses our attention to the toxic effects of soil ions on terrestrial ecosystems.
", "keywords": ["Biomass (ecology)", "Organic chemistry", "Soil pH", "soil respiration", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Engineering", "Terrestrial ecosystem", "Soil water", "Climate change", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066", "Ecology", "Physics", "Soil Water Retention", "Ocean acidification", "Q", "Life Sciences", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil carbon", "6. Clean water", "Chemistry", "Physical Sciences", "Environmental chemistry", "soil cations", "microbes", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Nitrogen", "Science", "QC1-999", "Materials Science", "Soil Science", "Thermal Effects on Soil", "Environmental science", "Biomaterials", "soil pH", "acid deposition", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Soil acidification", "Ecosystem", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "Applications of Clay Nanotubes in Various Fields", "Soil science", "Soil organic matter", "Soil Fertility", "15. Life on land", "Soil biodiversity", "Agronomy", "meta-analysis", "Environmental sciences", "Soil Hydraulic Properties", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Bulk soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Nutrient"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab239c"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/1748-9326/ab239c", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/1748-9326/ab239c", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/1748-9326/ab239c"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41559-019-1055-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-09", "title": "A systemic overreaction to years versus decades of warming in a subarctic grassland ecosystem", "description": "Temperature governs most biotic processes, yet we know little about how warming affects whole ecosystems. Here we examined the responses of 128\u2009components of a subarctic grassland to either 5-8 or >50\u2009years of soil warming. Warming of >50\u2009years drove the ecosystem to a new steady state possessing a distinct biotic composition and reduced species richness, biomass and soil organic matter. However, the warmed state was preceded by an overreaction to warming, which was related to organism physiology and was evident after 5-8\u2009years. Ignoring this overreaction yielded errors of >100% for 83\u2009variables when predicting their responses to a realistic warming scenario of 1\u2009\u00b0C over 50\u2009years, although some, including soil carbon content, remained stable after 5-8\u2009years. This study challenges long-term ecosystem predictions made from short-term observations, and provides a framework for characterization of ecosystem responses to sustained climate change.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "570", "Environmental management", "INCREASES", "Ecosystem ecology", "Climate Change", "Evolutionary biology", "TERM", "630", "Article", "Carbon Cycle", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "106026 Ecosystem research", "Life Below Water", "Ecosystem", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "0303 health sciences", "Ecology", "Climate-change ecology", "SHIFTS", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "106026 \u00d6kosystemforschung", "13. Climate action", "SDG 13 \u2013 Ma\u00dfnahmen zum Klimaschutz", "FEEDBACKS", "106022 Microbiology", "VEGETATION", "SENSITIVITY", "Environmental Sciences", "SOIL RESPIRATION", "RESPONSES"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt99v0g8pc/qt99v0g8pc.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1055-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Ecology%20%26amp%3B%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41559-019-1055-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41559-019-1055-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41559-019-1055-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-12-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep34786", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-10-10", "title": "Contrasting Effects Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus Addition On Soil Respiration In An Alpine Grassland On The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau", "description": "AbstractHigh soil organic carbon content, extensive root biomass, and low nutrient availability make alpine grasslands an important ecosystem for assessing the influence of nutrient enrichment on soil respiration (SR). We conducted a four-year (2009\uffe2\uff80\uff932012) field experiment in an alpine grassland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau to examine the individual and combined effects of nitrogen (N, 100\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921year\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and phosphorus (P, 50\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921year\uffe2\uff88\uff921) addition on SR. We found that both N and P addition did not affect the overall growing-season SR but effects varied by year: with N addition SR increased in the first year but decreased during the last two years. However, while P addition did not affect SR during the first two years, SR increased during the last two years. No interactive effects of N and P addition were observed, and both N addition and P addition reduced heterotrophic respiration during the last year of the experiment. N and P addition affected SR via different processes: N mainly affected heterotrophic respiration, whereas P largely influenced autotrophic respiration. Our results highlight the divergent effects of N and P addition on SR and address the important potential of P enrichment for regulating SR and the carbon balance in alpine grasslands.
", "keywords": ["Biomass (ecology)", "0106 biological sciences", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Nitrogen", "Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Plant Science", "Thermal Effects on Soil", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Environmental science", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Engineering", "Soil water", "Genetics", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil Fertility", "Ecology", "Bacteria", "Respiration", "Botany", "Life Sciences", "Plant Nutrient Uptake and Signaling Pathways", "Phosphorus", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "Soil carbon", "Agronomy", "Chemistry", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Physical Sciences", "Heterotroph", "Growing season", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Animal science", "Nutrient"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34786"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep34786", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep34786", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep34786"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-10-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00211.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-11", "title": "Elevated Co2 And Temperature Impacts On Different Components Of Soil Co2 Efflux In Douglas-Fir Terracosms", "description": "AbstractAlthough numerous studies indicate that increasing atmospheric CO2 or temperature stimulate soil CO2 efflux, few data are available on the responses of three major components of soil respiration [i.e. rhizosphere respiration (root and root exudates), litter decomposition, and oxidation of soil organic matter] to different CO2 and temperature conditions. In this study, we applied a dual stable isotope approach to investigate the impact of elevated CO2 and elevated temperature on these components of soil CO2 efflux in Douglas\uffe2\uff80\uff90fir terracosms. We measured both soil CO2 efflux rates and the 13C and 18O isotopic compositions of soil CO2 efflux in 12 sun\uffe2\uff80\uff90lit and environmentally controlled terracosms with 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old Douglas fir seedlings and reconstructed forest soils under two CO2 concentrations (ambient and 200 ppmv above ambient) and two air temperature regimes (ambient and 4 \uffc2\uffb0C above ambient). The stable isotope data were used to estimate the relative contributions of different components to the overall soil CO2 efflux. In most cases, litter decomposition was the dominant component of soil CO2 efflux in this system, followed by rhizosphere respiration and soil organic matter oxidation. Both elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and elevated temperature stimulated rhizosphere respiration and litter decomposition. The oxidation of soil organic matter was stimulated only by increasing temperature. Release of newly fixed carbon as root respiration was the most responsive to elevated CO2, while soil organic matter decomposition was most responsive to increasing temperature. Although some assumptions associated with this new method need to be further validated, application of this dual\uffe2\uff80\uff90isotope approach can provide new insights into the responses of soil carbon dynamics in forest ecosystems to future climate changes.
", "keywords": ["elevated CO2", "13. Climate action", "stable isotopes", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "forest ecosystem", "15. Life on land", "global warming", "soil respiration"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Guanghui Lin, Guanghui Lin, Mark Johnson, David T. Tingey, James R. Ehleringer, Paul T. Rygiewicz,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00211.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00211.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00211.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00211.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14438980", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:24:30Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Supporting data: Temporary waterlogging alters CO2 flux dynamics but not cumulative emissions in cultivated mineral soils", "description": "Data for publication: Kronberg et al. Temporary waterlogging alters CO2 flux dynamics but not cumulative emissions in cultivated mineral soils.\u00a0 The manuscript has been submitted to Biogeosciences (EGUSPHERE) with an identifier egusphere-2025-2801. The reader is referred to the above article for the detailed methodology of data collection. The data was collected from a soil monolith experiment conducted at University of Helsinki greenhouse facilities in 2021-2022. The experimental procedure has been described in detail in Kronberg et al. (2024). Kronberg, R., Kanerva, S., Koskinen, M., Polvinen, T., Heinonsalo, J., & Pihlatie, M. (2024). Controlled soil monolith experiment for studying the effects of waterlogging on redox processes. Geoderma, 452, 117110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117110 \u00a0 Methods: Soil temperature (T) and soil volumetric water content (SVWC) were measured with Teros12 sensors (METER Group, USA). CO2 and CH4 fluxes were measured with a non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer (Li 850, Li-cor Environment, USA) and laser spectroscopy-based gas analyzer (LGR N2OM1-919, ABB Group, Switzerland), respectively. Pore water dissolved carbon concentrations (DC, DOC, DIC) were measured with combustion catalytic oxidation method (TOC-L, Shimadzu, Japan). Porewater dissolved Fe concentration was measured colorimetrically with a 1,10-phenantroline method.", "keywords": ["dissolved carbon", "greenhouse gas", "CO2", "soil respiration", "dissolved organic carbon", "agriculture", "soil"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kronberg, Reija Anna Marjatta, Koskinen, Markku, Polvinen, Tatu, Leinonen, Lisa, Viinikainen, Anne, Pihlatie, Mari,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14438980"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14438980", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14438980", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14438980"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-06-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/ismejo/wrae025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-02-12", "title": "Stronger compensatory thermal adaptation of soil microbial respiration with higher substrate availability", "description": "AbstractOngoing global warming is expected to augment soil respiration by increasing the microbial activity, driving self-reinforcing feedback to climate change. However, the compensatory thermal adaptation of soil microorganisms and substrate depletion may weaken the effects of rising temperature on soil respiration. To test this hypothesis, we collected soils along a large-scale forest transect in eastern China spanning a natural temperature gradient, and we incubated the soils at different temperatures with or without substrate addition. We combined the exponential thermal response function and a data-driven model to study the interaction effect of thermal adaptation and substrate availability on microbial respiration and compared our results to those from two additional continental and global independent datasets. Modeled results suggested that the effect of thermal adaptation on microbial respiration was greater in areas with higher mean annual temperatures, which is consistent with the compensatory response to warming. In addition, the effect of thermal adaptation on microbial respiration was greater under substrate addition than under substrate depletion, which was also true for the independent datasets reanalyzed using our approach. Our results indicate that thermal adaptation in warmer regions could exert a more pronounced negative impact on microbial respiration when the substrate availability is abundant. These findings improve the body of knowledge on how substrate availability influences the soil microbial community\uffe2\uff80\uff93temperature interactions, which could improve estimates of projected soil carbon losses to the atmosphere through respiration.Soil moisture affects microbial decay of SOM and rhizosphere respiration (RR) in temperate forest soils, but isolating the response of soil respiration (SR) to summer drought and subsequent wetting is difficult because moisture changes are often confounded with temperature variation. We distinguished between temperature and moisture effects by simulation of prolonged soil droughts in a mixed deciduous forest at the Harvard Forest, Massachusetts. Roofs constructed over triplicate 5 \uffc3\uff97 5\uffe2\uff80\uff83m2plots excluded throughfall water during the summers of 2001 (168\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm) and 2002 (344\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm), while adjacent control plots received ambient throughfall and the same natural temperature regime. In 2003, throughfall was not excluded to assess the response of SR under natural weather conditions after two prolonged summer droughts. Throughfall exclusion significantly decreased mean SR rate by 53\uffe2\uff80\uff83mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83h\uffe2\uff88\uff921over 84 days in 2001, and by 68\uffe2\uff80\uff83mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83h\uffe2\uff88\uff921over 126 days in 2002, representing 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330% of annual SR in this forest and 35\uffe2\uff80\uff9375% of annual net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of C. The differences in SR were best explained by differences in gravimetric water content in the Oi horizon (r2=0.69) and the Oe/Oa horizon (r2=0.60). Volumetric water content of the A horizon was not significantly affected by throughfall exclusion. The radiocarbon signature of soil CO2efflux and of CO2respired during incubations of O horizon, A horizon and living roots allowed partitioning of SR into contributions from young C substrate (including RR) and from decomposition of older SOM. RR (root respiration and microbial respiration of young substrates in the rhizosphere) made up 43\uffe2\uff80\uff9371% of the total C respired in the control plots and 41\uffe2\uff80\uff9380% in the exclusion plots, and tended to increase with drought. An exception to this trend was an interesting increase in CO2efflux of radiocarbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich substrates during a period of abundant growth of mushrooms.
Our results suggest that prolonged summer droughts decrease primarily heterotrophic respiration in the O horizon, which could cause increases in the storage of soil organic carbon in this forest. However, the C stored during two summers of simulated drought was only partly released as increased respiration during the following summer of natural throughfall. We do not know if this soil C sink during drought is transient or long lasting. In any case, differential decomposition of the O horizon caused by interannual variation of precipitation probably contributes significantly to observed interannual variation of NEE in temperate forests.
", "keywords": ["Ecology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "6. Clean water", "soil drought", "heterotrophic respiration", "rhizosphere respiration", "13. Climate action", "soil organic matter", "temperate forest", "radiocarbon", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil wetting", "soil moisture", "Q(10)", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt3mk9v58k/qt3mk9v58k.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001058.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001058.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001058.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001058.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-11-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1365-2664.13839", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-01-19", "title": "Effects of microplastics and drought on soil ecosystem functions and multifunctionality", "description": "Abstract
Microplastics in soils have become an important threat for terrestrial systems as they may potentially alter the geochemical/biophysical soil environment and can interact with drought. As microplastics may affect soil water content, this could exacerbate the well\uffe2\uff80\uff90known negative effects of drought on ecosystem functionality. Thus, functions including litter decomposition, soil aggregation or those related with nutrient cycling can be altered. Despite this potential interaction, we know relatively little about how microplastics, under different soil water conditions, affect ecosystem functions and multifunctionality.
To address this gap, we performed an experiment using grassland plant communities growing in microcosms. Microplastic fibres (absent, present) and soil water conditions (well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered, drought) were applied in a fully factorial design. At harvest, we measured soil ecosystem functions related to nutrient cycling (\uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosaminidase, \uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90D\uffe2\uff80\uff90cellobiosidase, phosphatase, \uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosidase enzymes), respiration, nutrient retention, pH, litter decomposition and soil aggregation (water stable aggregates). As terrestrial systems provide these functions simultaneously, we also assessed ecosystem multifunctionality, an index that encompasses the array of ecosystem functions measured here.
We found that the interaction between microplastic fibres and drought affected ecosystem functions and multifunctionality. Drought had negatively affected nutrient cycling by decreasing enzymatic activities by up to ~39%, while microplastics increased soil aggregation by ~18%, soil pH by ~4% and nutrient retention by up to ~70% by diminishing nutrient leaching. Microplastic fibres also impacted soil enzymes, respiration and ecosystem multifunctionality, but importantly, the direction of these effects depended on soil water status. That is, under well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered conditions, these functions decreased with microplastic fibres by up to ~34% while under drought they had similar values irrespective of the microplastic presence, or tended to increase with microplastics. Litter decomposition had a contrary pattern increasing with microplastics by ~6% under well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered conditions while decreasing to a similar percentage under drought.
Synthesis and applications. Single ecosystem functions can be positively or negatively affected by microplastics fibres depending on soil water status. However, our results suggest that microplastic fibres may cause negative effects on ecosystem soil multifunctionality of a similar magnitude as drought. Thus, strategies to counteract this new global change factor are necessary.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "ddc:630", "nutrient cycling", "litter decomposition", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "soil aggregation", "soil pH", "grasslands ecosystem", "13. Climate action", "nutrient leaching", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "ddc:570", "Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie und Biologie", "enzymatic activities", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2664.13839"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13839"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Applied%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1365-2664.13839", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1365-2664.13839", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1365-2664.13839"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/ejss.12095", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-12", "title": "Effect Of Biochar Addition On Soil Respiration Partitioning And Root Dynamics In An Apple Orchard", "description": "SummaryBiochar addition to soil has been suggested as a promising strategy to increase soil carbon storage with important side\uffe2\uff80\uff90effects on soil fertility and crop productivity. Understanding the effect of biochar on soil respiration partitioning into rhizosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived (Fr) and soil organic carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived (Fsoc) components and on plant root dynamics and microbial activity is a crucial issue in the prediction of the impact of biochar on soil organic carbon and nutrient cycles. Within this framework, an experiment was carried out in an apple (Malus domestica Bork) orchard located in the experimental farm of the Bologna University (Italy). In spring 2009, 10\uffe2\uff80\uff89t of biochar per hectare were incorporated into the surface 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm soil layer by soil ploughing. The trenching method was used in order to partition total soil respiration (Fs) into Fr and Fsoc components in both biochar\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated and control soil. Soil respiration measurements were performed from June 2009 to March 2011. To study root dynamics, polycarbonate boxes were built and buried into the soil. Soil profile pictures were collected fortnightly with a CCD sensor scanner inserted in the boxes and analysed with the WinRHIZO Tron MF software. Biochar addition increased Fsoc and reduced Fr, even if the root length intensity (La) increased in biochar\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated soils relative to that in the control. A decrease in root metabolic activity was postulated to explain these contrasting results.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "biochar", " soil respiration", " root growth", " apple", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "3. Good health"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12095"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/ejss.12095", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/ejss.12095", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/ejss.12095"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02044.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-08-03", "title": "Fate Of Soil-Applied Black Carbon: Downward Migration, Leaching And Soil Respiration", "description": "AbstractBlack carbon (BC) is an important pool of the global C cycle, because it cycles much more slowly than others and may even be managed for C sequestration. Using stable isotope techniques, we investigated the fate of BC applied to a savanna Oxisol in Colombia at rates of 0, 11.6, 23.2 and 116.1\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83BC\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, as well as its effect on non\uffe2\uff80\uff90BC soil organic C. During the rainy seasons of 2005 and 2006, soil respiration was measured using soda lime traps, particulate and dissolved organic C (POC and DOC) moving by saturated flow was sampled continuously at 0.15 and 0.3\uffe2\uff80\uff83m, and soil was sampled to 2.0\uffe2\uff80\uff83m. Black C was found below the application depth of 0\uffe2\uff80\uff930.1\uffe2\uff80\uff83m in the 0.15\uffe2\uff80\uff930.3\uffe2\uff80\uff83m depth interval, with migration rates of 52.4\uffc2\uffb114.5, 51.8\uffc2\uffb118.5 and 378.7\uffc2\uffb1196.9\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (\uffc2\uffb1SE) where 11.6, 23.2 and 116.1\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83BC\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively, had been applied. Over 2 years after application, 2.2% of BC applied at 23.2\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83BC\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 was lost by respiration, and an even smaller fraction of 1% was mobilized by percolating water. Carbon from BC moved to a greater extent as DOC than POC. The largest flux of BC from the field (20\uffe2\uff80\uff9353% of applied BC) was not accounted for by our measurements and is assumed to have occurred by surface runoff during intense rain events. Black C caused a 189% increase in aboveground biomass production measured 5 months after application (2.4\uffe2\uff80\uff934.5\uffe2\uff80\uff83t additional dry biomass\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 where BC was applied), and this resulted in greater amounts of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90BC being respired, leached and found in soil for the duration of the experiment. These increases can be quantitatively explained by estimates of greater belowground net primary productivity with BC addition.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "leaching", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "ecology", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "respiraci\u00f3n del suelo", "01 natural sciences", "lixiviacion", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02044.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02044.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02044.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02044.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-02-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.14399", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-14", "title": "Pathways regulating decreased soil respiration with warming in a biocrust\u2010dominated dryland", "description": "AbstractA positive soil carbon (C)\uffe2\uff80\uff90climate feedback is embedded into the climatic models of the IPCC. However, recent global syntheses indicate that the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (RS) in drylands, the largest biome on Earth, is actually lower in warmed than in control plots. Consequently, soil C losses with future warming are expected to be low compared with other biomes. Nevertheless, the empirical basis for these global extrapolations is still poor in drylands, due to the low number of field experiments testing the pathways behind the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term responses of soil respiration (RS) to warming. Importantly, global drylands are covered with biocrusts (communities formed by bryophytes, lichens, cyanobacteria, fungi, and bacteria), and thus,RSresponses to warming may be driven by both autotrophic and heterotrophic pathways. Here, we evaluated the effects of 8\uffe2\uff80\uff90year experimental warming onRS, and the different pathways involved, in a biocrust\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated dryland in southern Spain. We also assessed the overall impacts on soil organic C (SOC) accumulation over time. Across the years and biocrust cover levels, warming reducedRSby 0.30\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffa0CO2\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0s\uffe2\uff88\uff921(95% CI\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa0\uffe2\uff88\uff920.24 to 0.84), although the negative warming effects were only significant after 3\uffc2\uffa0years of elevated temperatures in areas with low initial biocrust cover. We found support for different pathways regulating the warming\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced reduction inRSat areas with low (microbial thermal acclimation via reduced soil mass\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific respiration and \uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosidase enzymatic activity) vs. high (microbial thermal acclimation jointly with a reduction in autotrophic respiration from decreased lichen cover) initial biocrust cover. Our 8\uffe2\uff80\uff90year experimental study shows a reduction in soil respiration with warming and highlights that biocrusts should be explicitly included in modeling efforts aimed to quantify the soil C\uffe2\uff80\uff93climate feedback in drylands.Rising levels of atmospheric CO2 frequently stimulate plant inputs to soil, but the consequences of these changes for soil carbon (C) dynamics are poorly understood. Plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived inputs can accumulate in the soil and become part of the soil C pool (\uffe2\uff80\uff9cnew soil C\uffe2\uff80\uff9d), or accelerate losses of pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90existing (\uffe2\uff80\uff9cold\uffe2\uff80\uff9d) soil C. The dynamics of the new and old pools will likely differ and alter the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term fate of soil C, but these separate pools, which can be distinguished through isotopic labeling, have not been considered in past syntheses. Using meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis, we found that while elevated CO2 (ranging from 550 to 800 parts per million by volume) stimulates the accumulation of new soil C in the short term (<1\uffc2\uffa0year), these effects do not persist in the longer term (1\uffe2\uff80\uff934\uffc2\uffa0years). Elevated CO2 does not affect the decomposition or the size of the old soil C pool over either temporal scale. Our results are inconsistent with predictions of conventional soil C models and suggest that elevated CO2 might increase turnover rates of new soil C. Because increased turnover rates of new soil C limit the potential for additional soil C sequestration, the capacity of land ecosystems to slow the rise in atmospheric CO2 concentrations may be smaller than previously assumed.
", "keywords": ["roots", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "550", "soil respiration", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon Cycle", "Soil", "atmospheric carbon dioxide", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "soil carbon", "soils", "isotopes", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "carbon", "turnover", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "meta-analysis", "roots (botany)", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13752"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.13752", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.13752", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.13752"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-06-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-12-22", "title": "Functional Changes In The Control Of Carbon Fluxes After 3 Years Of Increased Drought In A Mediterranean Evergreen Forest?", "description": "AbstractOur objective was to test how a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term increased water limitation affects structural and functional properties of a Mediterranean ecosystem, and how these changes modify the response of the main carbon fluxes to climatic controls. In 2003, a 27% throughfall exclusion experiment was installed in a Quercus ilex L. forest in France. Gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (RECO) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were estimated in a control and a dry treatment. Decreasing throughfall decreased GPP by 14% and had a smaller effect on RECO (\uffe2\uff88\uff9212%), especially soil respiration RS (\uffe2\uff88\uff9211%). Interannual variability of GPP (29%) was higher than for RECO (12%). Error propagation was used to estimates uncertainties in the NEE fluxes, which ranged from 3% to 10% in the control treatment but up to 167% for NEE in the dry treatment because more steps and data types were involved in the scaling. After 3 years of throughfall exclusion, we found no acclimation of RS to climatic drivers. Functional properties of the response of RS to soil water, temperature and rain pulse remained similar in the control and the dry treatments. A diurnal clockwise hysteresis in RS was probably controlled by canopy photosynthesis with a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83h lag. The proportion of diurnal variation of respiration due to photosynthesis was similar in all treatments (4\uffe2\uff80\uff935%). Because of the characteristic of rain in Mediterranean climates, a continuous decrease of water input in these environments have an effect on topsoil water and consequently on RS only during short periods when rainfall is characterized by infrequent and small events that does not allow the topsoil to reach field capacity and does not allow to dry completely. However, in the longer term, we expect a stronger decrease in RS in the dry treatment driven by the decrease in GPP.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "550", "15. Life on land", "gross primary production", "soil respiration", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "Quercus ilex", "throughfall exclusion", "13. Climate action", "rain pulse", "eddy-covariance", "Q(10)", "error propagation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01146.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-03", "title": "Soil Carbon Balance In A Clonal Eucalyptus Plantation In Congo: Effects Of Logging On Carbon Inputs And Soil Co2 Efflux", "description": "AbstractSoil CO2 efflux was measured in clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut and intact plots in order to quantify the impact of harvest on soil respiration in an intensively managed Eucalyptus plantation, and to evaluate the increase in heterotrophic component of soil respiration because of the decomposition of harvest residues. Soil CO2 effluxes showed a pronounced seasonal trend, which was well related to the pattern of precipitation and soil water content and were always significantly lower in the clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut plots than in the intact plots. On an annual basis, soil respiration represented 1.57 and 0.91\uffe2\uff80\uff83kgC\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in intact and clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut plots, respectively. During the first year following harvest, residues have lost 0.79\uffe2\uff80\uff83kgC\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Our estimate of heterotrophic respiration was calculated assuming that it was similar to soil respiration in the clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut area except that the decomposition of residues did not occur, and it was further corrected for differences in soil water content between intact and clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut plots and for the cessation of leaf and fine root turnover in clear cut. Heterotrophic respiration in clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut plots was estimated at 1.18\uffe2\uff80\uff83kgC\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 whereas it was only 0.65\uffe2\uff80\uff83kgC\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in intact plots (41% of soil respiration). Assumptions and uncertainties with these calculations are discussed.
", "keywords": ["DECOMPOSITION", "0106 biological sciences", "550", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "F60 - Physiologie et biochimie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale", "FOREST MANAGEMENT", "01 natural sciences", "EUCALYPTUS", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1301", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2159", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3047", "CLEAR-CUT", "2. Zero hunger", "Eucalyptus", "liti\u00e8re foresti\u00e8re", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2847", "abattage d'arbres", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "CARBON BUDGET", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "LITTERFALL", "d\u00e9gradation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "carbone", "SOIL RESPIRATION", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8500", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2683"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01146.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01146.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01146.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01146.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01415.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-08-18", "title": "Microbial Soil Respiration And Its Dependency On Carbon Inputs, Soil Temperature And Moisture", "description": "AbstractThis experiment was designed to study three determinant factors in decomposition patterns of soil organic matter (SOM): temperature, water and carbon (C) inputs. The study combined field measurements with soil lab incubations and ends with a modelling framework based on the results obtained. Soil respiration was periodically measured at an oak savanna woodland and a ponderosa pine plantation. Intact soils cores were collected at both ecosystems, including soils with most labile C burnt off, soils with some labile C gone and soils with fresh inputs of labile C. Two treatments, dry\uffe2\uff80\uff90field condition and field capacity, were applied to an incubation that lasted 111 days. Short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term temperature changes were applied to the soils periodically to quantify temperature responses. This was done to prevent confounding results associated with different pools of C that would result by exposing treatments chronically to different temperature regimes. This paper discusses the role of the above\uffe2\uff80\uff90defined environmental factors on the variability of soil C dynamics. At the seasonal scale, temperature and water were, respectively, the main limiting factors controlling soil CO2 efflux for the ponderosa pine and the oak savanna ecosystems. Spatial and seasonal variations in plant activity (root respiration and exudates production) exerted a strong influence over the seasonal and spatial variation of soil metabolic activity. Mean residence times of bulk SOM were significantly lower at the Nitrogen (N)\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich deciduous savanna than at the N\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited evergreen dominated pine ecosystem. At shorter time scales (daily), SOM decomposition was controlled primarily by temperature during wet periods and by the combined effect of water and temperature during dry periods. Secondary control was provided by the presence/absence of plant derived C inputs (exudation). Further analyses of SOM decomposition suggest that factors such as changes in the decomposer community, stress\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in the metabolic activity of decomposers or SOM stabilization patterns remain unresolved, but should also be considered in future SOM decomposition studies. Observations and confounding factors associated with SOM decomposition patterns and its temperature sensitivity are summarized in the modeling framework.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Climate change", "Cambio clim\u00e1tico", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Materia org\u00e1nica del suelo", "Respiraci\u00f3n del suelo"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01415.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01415.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01415.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01415.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01468.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-04", "title": "Climate Change Effects On Organic Matter Decomposition Rates In Ecosystems From The Maritime Antarctic And Falkland Islands", "description": "AbstractAntarctic terrestrial ecosystems have poorly developed soils and currently experience one of the greatest rates of climate warming on the globe. We investigated the responsiveness of organic matter decomposition in Maritime Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems to climate change, using two study sites in the Antarctic Peninsula region (Anchorage Island, 67\uffc2\uffb0S; Signy Island, 61\uffc2\uffb0S), and contrasted the responses found with those at the cool temperate Falkland Islands (52\uffc2\uffb0S). Our approach consisted of two complementary methods: (1) Laboratory measurements of decomposition at different temperatures (2, 6 and 10\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C) of plant material and soil organic matter from all three locations. (2) Field measurements at all three locations on the decomposition of soil organic matter, plant material and cellulose, both under natural conditions and under experimental warming (about 0.8\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C) achieved using open top chambers. Higher temperatures led to higher organic matter breakdown in the laboratory studies, indicating that decomposition in Maritime Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems is likely to increase with increasing soil temperatures. However, both laboratory and field studies showed that decomposition was more strongly influenced by local substratum characteristics (especially soil N availability) and plant functional type composition than by large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale temperature differences. The very small responsiveness of organic matter decomposition in the field (experimental temperature increase < 1\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C) compared with the laboratory (experimental increases of 4 or 8\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C) shows that substantial warming is required before significant effects can be detected.
", "keywords": ["microbial breakdown", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "environmental change", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01468.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01468.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01468.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01468.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-11", "title": "Microbial Activity And Soil Respiration Under Nitrogen Addition In Alaskan Boreal Forest", "description": "AbstractClimate warming could increase rates of soil organic matter turnover and nutrient mineralization, particularly in northern high\uffe2\uff80\uff90latitude ecosystems. However, the effects of increasing nutrient availability on microbial processes in these ecosystems are poorly understood. To determine how soil microbes respond to nutrient enrichment, we measured microbial biomass, extracellular enzyme activities, soil respiration, and the community composition of active fungi in nitrogen (N) fertilized soils of a boreal forest in central Alaska. We predicted that N addition would suppress fungal activity relative to bacteria, but stimulate carbon (C)\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzyme activities and soil respiration. Instead, we found no evidence for a suppression of fungal activity, although fungal sporocarp production declined significantly, and the relative abundance of two fungal taxa changed dramatically with N fertilization. Microbial biomass as measured by chloroform fumigation did not respond to fertilization, nor did the ratio of fungi\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83bacteria as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. However, microbial biomass C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratios narrowed significantly from 16.0 \uffc2\uffb1 1.4 to 5.2 \uffc2\uffb1 0.3 with fertilization. N fertilization significantly increased the activity of a cellulose\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzyme and suppressed the activities of protein\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and chitin\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzymes but had no effect on soil respiration rates or 14C signatures. These results indicate that N fertilization alters microbial community composition and allocation to extracellular enzyme production without affecting soil respiration. Thus, our results do not provide evidence for strong microbial feedbacks to the boreal C cycle under climate warming or N addition. However, organic N cycling may decline due to a reduction in the activity of enzymes that target nitrogenous compounds.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nucleotide analog", "Ecology", "microbial biomass", "ectomycorrhizal fungi", "extracellular enzyme", "nitrogen fertilization", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Biological Sciences", "soil respiration", "Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "Earth sciences", "13. Climate action", "carbon cycle", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "boreal forest", "bacteria", "Alaska", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt5dg6p7gm/qt5dg6p7gm.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-01-20T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=soil+respiration&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=soil+respiration&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=soil+respiration&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=soil+respiration&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 101, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T15:33:55.633908Z"}