{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "oai:digibug.ugr.es:10481/73202", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:31:36Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Global maps of soil temperature", "description": "Atribuci\u00f3n-NoComercial 3.0 Espa\u00f1aResearch in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0\u20135 and 5\u201315 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 p ixels ( summarized f rom 8 519 u nique t emperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10\u00b0C (mean = 3.0 \u00b1 2.1\u00b0C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 \u00b1 2.3\u00b0C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (\u22120.7 \u00b1 2.3\u00b0C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.", "keywords": ["Bioclimatic variables", "Global maps", "Soil temperature", "Temperature offset", "Weather stations", "Microclimate", "Near-surface temperatures", "Soil-dwelling organisms"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lembrechts, Jonas J., Fern\u00e1ndez Calzado, Mar\u00eda Rosa, Lorite Moreno, Juan,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/oai:digibug.ugr.es:10481/73202"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "oai:digibug.ugr.es:10481/73202", "name": "item", "description": "oai:digibug.ugr.es:10481/73202", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/oai:digibug.ugr.es:10481/73202"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_38E93A02220B", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:31:40Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Global maps of soil temperature.", "description": "Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10\u00b0C (mean = 3.0 \u00b1 2.1\u00b0C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 \u00b1 2.3\u00b0C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 \u00b1 2.3\u00b0C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.", "keywords": ["Climate Change; Ecosystem; Microclimate; Soil; Temperature; bioclimatic variables; global maps; microclimate; near-surface temperatures; soil temperature; soil-dwelling organisms; temperature offset; weather stations"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lembrechts, J.J., van den Hoogen, J., Aalto, J., Ashcroft, M.B., De Frenne, P., Kemppinen, J., Kopeck\u00fd, M., Luoto, M., Maclean, IMD, Crowther, T.W., Bailey, J.J., Haesen, S., Klinges, D.H., Niittynen, P., Scheffers, B.R., Van Meerbeek, K., Aartsma, P., Abdalaze, O., Abedi, M., Aerts, R., Ahmadian, N., Ahrends, A., Alatalo, J.M., Alexander, J.M., Allonsius, C.N., Altman, J., Ammann, C., Andres, C., Andrews, C., Ard\u00f6, J., Arriga, N., Arzac, A., Aschero, V., Assis, R.L., Assmann, J.J., Bader, M.Y., Bahalkeh, K., Baran\u010dok, P., Barrio, I.C., Barros, A., Barthel, M., Basham, E.W., Bauters, M., Bazzichetto, M., Marchesini, L.B., Bell, M.C., Benavides, J.C., Benito Alonso, J.L., Berauer, B.J., Bjerke, J.W., Bj\u00f6rk, R.G., Bj\u00f6rkman, M.P., Bj\u00f6rnsd\u00f3ttir, K., Blonder, B., Boeckx, P., Boike, J., Bokhorst, S., Brum, BNS, Br\u016fna, J., Buchmann, N., Buysse, P., Camargo, J.L., Campoe, O.C., Candan, O., Canessa, R., Cannone, N., Carbognani, M., Carnicer, J., Casanova-Katny, A., Cesarz, S., Chojnicki, B., Choler, P., Chown, S.L., Cifuentes, E.F., \u010ciliak, M., Contador, T., Convey, P., Cooper, E.J., Cremonese, E., Curasi, S.R., Curtis, R., Cutini, M., Dahlberg, C.J., Daskalova, G.N., de Pablo, M.A., Della Chiesa, S., Dengler, J., Deronde, B., Descombes, P., Di Cecco, V., Di Musciano, M., Dick, J., Dimarco, R.D., Dolezal, J., Dorrepaal, E., Du\u0161ek, J., Eisenhauer, N., Eklundh, L., Erickson, T.E., Erschbamer, B., Eugster, W., Ewers, R.M., Exton, D.A., Fanin, N., Fazlioglu, F., Feigenwinter, I., Fenu, G., Ferlian, O., Fern\u00e1ndez Calzado, M.R., Fern\u00e1ndez-Pascual, E., Finckh, M., Higgens, R.F., Forte, TGW, Freeman, E.C., Frei, E.R., Fuentes-Lillo, E., Garc\u00eda, R.A., Garc\u00eda, M.B., G\u00e9ron, C., Gharun, M., Ghosn, D., Gigauri, K., Gobin, A., Goded, I., Goeckede, M., Gottschall, F., Goulding, K., Govaert, S., Graae, B.J., Greenwood, S., Greiser, C., Grelle, A., Gu\u00e9nard, B., Guglielmin, M., Guillemot, J., Haase, P., Haider, S., Halbritter, A.H., Hamid, M., Hammerle, A., Hampe, A., Haugum, S.V., Hederov\u00e1, L., Heinesch, B., Helfter, C., Hepenstrick, D., Herberich, M., Herbst, M., Hermanutz, L., Hik, D.S., Hoffr\u00e9n, R., Homeier, J., H\u00f6rtnagl, L., H\u00f8ye, T.T., Hrbacek, F., Hylander, K., Iwata, H., Jackowicz-Korczynski, M.A., Jactel, H., J\u00e4rveoja, J., Jastrz\u0119bowski, S., Jentsch, A., Jim\u00e9nez, J.J., J\u00f3nsd\u00f3ttir, I.S., Jucker, T., Jump, A.S., Juszczak, R., Kanka, R., Ka\u0161par, V., Kazakis, G., Kelly, J., Khuroo, A.A., Klemedtsson, L., Klisz, M., Kljun, N., Knohl, A., Kobler, J., Koll\u00e1r, J., Kotowska, M.M., Kov\u00e1cs, B., Kreyling, J., Lamprecht, A., Lang, S.I., Larson, C., Larson, K., Laska, K., le Maire, G., Leihy, R.I., Lens, L., Liljebladh, B., Lohila, A., Lorite, J., Loubet, B., Lynn, J., Macek, M., Mackenzie, R., Magliulo, E., Maier, R., Malfasi, F., M\u00e1li\u0161, F.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_38E93A02220B"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_38E93A02220B", "name": "item", "description": "oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_38E93A02220B", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_38E93A02220B"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "00682004-c6b9-4c1d-8b40-3afff8bbec69", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[11.16, 47.52], [11.16, 47.52], [11.16, 47.52], [11.16, 47.52], [11.16, 47.52]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "environmental factors"}, {"id": "water"}, {"id": "Soil analysis"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "soil amendments"}, {"id": "Soil biology"}, {"id": "Temperature profile"}, {"id": "moisture content"}, {"id": "Temperature"}, {"id": "Soil temperature"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "soil profile"}, {"id": "soil moisture"}, {"id": "temperature"}], "scheme": "GEMET - Concepts, version 2.4"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "farming systems"}, {"id": "Grassland management"}, {"id": "Grassland soils"}, {"id": "grasslands"}, {"id": "permanent grasslands"}, {"id": "agriculture"}, {"id": "agricultural practices"}, {"id": "Climatic change"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}], "scheme": "Individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. (e.g. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non-scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \u201cData re-used from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of BonaRes Module A-Project - SUSALPS's research activities.\u201d Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, BonaRes Module A-Project- SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner/author.)", "updated": "2020-02-14", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2018-12-05", "language": "eng", "title": "SUSALPS temperature and volumetric soil water content Esterberg Subplot 3 in Esterberg intensiv", "description": "Grassland is a precious good. Grassland contributes to food security by providing fodder for dairy and beef farming, storing nutrients and increasing biodiversity. These functions that secure the fertility and yields of soil are jeopardized by climate change, especially in monane and alpine areas.\nIn SUSALPS, scientists, authorities and farmers work together to investigate the influence of climate change on i) plant biodiversity, ii) C and N storage, iii) greenhouse gas exchange, iv) socio economic conditions that influence decision making of farmers.\nA central experimental aspect is the translocation of soil mesocosms from higher elevation to lower elevation (Esterberg site at 1200m, Graswang site at 860m, Fendt at 600m, Bayreuth at 300m). To reflect the spatial heterogeneity of soils, mesocosms from three different subplots approx. 100-300m apart from each other are translocated. Since temperatures are higher and precipitation is lower in lower elevation, the translocated mesocosms experience climate change.\nThis dataset contains daily average soil temperature and volumetric soil water content in 5 and 15 cm depth.\nTreatment: Esterberg Subplot 3 in Esterberg intensiv\nDevice: Decagon 5TM\nTimescale: Daily average\nDepths: 5 and 15 cm", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["environmental factors", "water", "Soil analysis", "Soil", "soil amendments", "Soil biology", "Temperature profile", "moisture content", "Temperature", "Soil temperature", "soil profile", "soil moisture", "temperature", "farming systems", "Grassland management", "Grassland soils", "grasslands", "permanent grasslands", "agriculture", "agricultural practices", "Climatic change", "Boden", "opendata"], "contacts": [{"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": "Garmisch-Partenkirchen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "82467", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=00682004-c6b9-4c1d-8b40-3afff8bbec69", "rel": "download"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/217290dd-a23f-4734-96d5-71b878a2fca8", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "00682004-c6b9-4c1d-8b40-3afff8bbec69", "name": "item", "description": "00682004-c6b9-4c1d-8b40-3afff8bbec69", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/00682004-c6b9-4c1d-8b40-3afff8bbec69"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2016-08-11T00:00:00Z", "2018-10-09T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "07388e86-f38b-469a-9910-6e24af66bbf5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[11.07, 47.83], [11.07, 47.83], [11.07, 47.83], [11.07, 47.83], [11.07, 47.83]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "environmental factors"}, {"id": "water"}, {"id": "Soil analysis"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "soil amendments"}, {"id": "Soil biology"}, {"id": "Temperature profile"}, {"id": "moisture content"}, {"id": "Temperature"}, {"id": "Soil temperature"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "soil profile"}, {"id": "soil moisture"}, {"id": "temperature"}], "scheme": "GEMET - Concepts, version 2.4"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "farming systems"}, {"id": "Grassland management"}, {"id": "Grassland soils"}, {"id": "grasslands"}, {"id": "permanent grasslands"}, {"id": "agriculture"}, {"id": "agricultural practices"}, {"id": "Climatic change"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}], "scheme": "Individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. (e.g. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non-scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \u201cData re-used from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of BonaRes Module A-Project - SUSALPS's research activities.\u201d Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, BonaRes Module A-Project- SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner/author.)", "updated": "2020-02-14", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2018-12-05", "language": "eng", "title": "SUSALPS temperature and volumetric soil water content Graswang Subplot 1 in Fendt intensiv", "description": "Grassland is a precious good. Grassland contributes to food security by providing fodder for dairy and beef farming, storing nutrients and increasing biodiversity. These functions that secure the fertility and yields of soil are jeopardized by climate change, especially in monane and alpine areas. In SUSALPS, scientists, authorities and farmers work together to investigate the influence of climate change on i) plant biodiversity, ii) C and N storage, iii) greenhouse gas exchange, iv) socio economic conditions that influence decision making of farmers. A central experimental aspect is the translocation of soil mesocosms from higher elevation to lower elevation (Esterberg site at 1200m, Graswang site at 860m, Fendt at 600m, Bayreuth at 300m). To reflect the spatial heterogeneity of soils, mesocosms from three different subplots approx. 100-300m apart from each other are translocated. Since temperatures are higher and precipitation is lower in lower elevation, the translocated mesocosms experience climate change. This dataset contains daily average soil temperature and volumetric soil water content in 5 and 15 cm depth. Treatment: Graswang Subplot 1 in Fendt intensiv Device: Decagon 5TM Timescale: Daily average Depths: 5 and 15 cm", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["environmental factors", "water", "Soil analysis", "Soil", "soil amendments", "Soil biology", "Temperature profile", "moisture content", "Temperature", "Soil temperature", "soil profile", "soil moisture", "temperature", "farming systems", "Grassland management", "Grassland soils", "grasslands", "permanent grasslands", "agriculture", "agricultural practices", "Climatic change", "Boden", "opendata"], "contacts": [{"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": "Garmisch-Partenkirchen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "82467", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=07388e86-f38b-469a-9910-6e24af66bbf5", "rel": "download"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/217290dd-a23f-4734-96d5-71b878a2fca8", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "07388e86-f38b-469a-9910-6e24af66bbf5", "name": "item", "description": "07388e86-f38b-469a-9910-6e24af66bbf5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/07388e86-f38b-469a-9910-6e24af66bbf5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2016-08-11T00:00:00Z", "2018-10-09T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "0d41a483-52b2-464f-b526-3ae29e6ad089", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[12.99, 52.98], [12.99, 53.15], [13.64, 53.15], [13.64, 52.98], [12.99, 52.98]]]}, "properties": {"rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The ZALF Datenerfassung and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2024-02-05", "type": "Service", "created": "2023-11-28", "language": "eng", "title": "Web Map Service of the dataset 'Data on soil respiration in a beech forest and a pine forest'", "description": "This Web Map Service includes spatial information used by the dataset 'Data on soil respiration in a beech forest and a pine forest''", "keywords": ["infoMapAccessService", "Soil", "soil respiration", "soil air", "soil temperature", "soil water content", "Fagus sylvatica", "Pinus sylvestris", "measurement", "Soil", "soil respiration", "soil air", "soil temperature", "soil water content", "Fagus sylvatica", "Pinus sylvestris", "measurement", "Germany", "Brandenburg", "Barnim", "Ostprignitz-Ruppin"], "contacts": [{"name": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "organization": "ZALF", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - Workgroup Research Data Management", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 300"}], "emails": [{"value": "dataservice@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "https://ror.org/01ygyzs83", "name_url": "", "description": "ROR", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Hubert Jochheim", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Hubert.jochheim@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0001-8047-4553", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Stephan Wirth", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "swirth@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0001-8047-4553", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Hubert Jochheim", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Hubert.jochheim@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0001-8047-4553", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Valentin Gartiser", "organization": "Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen", "position": null, "roles": ["researcher"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "valentin.gartiser@stud.uni-goettingen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0001-5320-374X", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Martin Maier", "organization": "Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen", "position": null, "roles": ["researcher"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "martin.maier@uni-goettingen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-7959-0108", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Dieter Sowa", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "position": null, "roles": ["dataCollector"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Annett.Stange@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "roles": ["contributor"]}], "themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "infoMapAccessService"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "soil respiration"}, {"id": "soil air"}, {"id": "soil temperature"}, {"id": "soil water content"}, {"id": "Fagus sylvatica"}, {"id": "Pinus sylvestris"}, {"id": "measurement"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "soil respiration"}, {"id": "soil air"}, {"id": "soil temperature"}, {"id": "soil water content"}, {"id": "Fagus sylvatica"}, {"id": "Pinus sylvestris"}, {"id": "measurement"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Germany"}, {"id": "Brandenburg"}, {"id": "Barnim"}, {"id": "Ostprignitz-Ruppin"}], "scheme": "individual"}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=0d41a483-52b2-464f-b526-3ae29e6ad089", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/wss/service/ags-relay/ags/guest/arcgis/rest/services/Zalf/ID_4731_both_sites/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "0d41a483-52b2-464f-b526-3ae29e6ad089", "name": "item", "description": "0d41a483-52b2-464f-b526-3ae29e6ad089", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/0d41a483-52b2-464f-b526-3ae29e6ad089"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-004-0093-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-03-03", "title": "Soil-Atmosphere Methane Exchange In Undisturbed And Burned Mediterranean Shrubland Of Southern Italy", "description": "Soils represent the primary biotic sink for atmospheric methane (CH4). Uncertainty is associated, however, with global soil CH4 consumption because of the few data available from many areas and, in particular, from Mediterranean-type ecosystems. In this study, soil-atmosphere CH4 exchange was measured for one year in a coastal Italian shrubland (maquis), from both undisturbed areas and areas treated with experimental fire. Although fire represents one of the most frequent disturbance factors in seasonally dry environments, very few studies in these ecosystems have focused on its effect on soil CH4 fluxes. Significant differences in soil ammonium content, water content, and temperature were measured between burned and unburned plots, however, no statistical differences were observed for CH4 fluxes. CH4 fluxes varied between \u22120.39 and \u221216.1\u00a0mg CH4 m\u22122 day\u22121 and temporal variations were mainly driven by variations in soil water content and temperature. The highest CH4 oxidation rates were measured during the driest and warmest period. Low gravimetric soil water content in the top 10\u00a0cm, as well as high NH                   4                   +                  concentration, did not seem to reduce methanotrophic activity, suggesting that maximal CH4 oxidation activity might take place deeper in the soil profile, at least during part of the year.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "Ammonium; Fire; Mediterranean maquis; Methane; Soil temperature; Soil uptake; Soil water;", "methane", "fire; soil; methane; green house gases", "green house gases", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "fire", "soil", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-004-0093-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-004-0093-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-004-0093-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-004-0093-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-02-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13595-016-0547-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-03-24", "title": "Effects Of Experimental Warming On Soil Respiration And Biomass In Quercus Variabilis Blume And Pinus Densiflora Sieb. Et Zucc. Seedlings", "description": "AbstractKey messageIn the open-field warming experiment using infrared heaters, 3\u00a0\u00b0C warming affected soil respiration more in the deciduousQuercus variabilisBlume plot than in the evergreenPinus densifloraSieb. et Zucc. plot, but did not affect the plant biomass in either species.ContextUnderstanding the species-specific responses of belowground carbon processes to warming is essential for the accurate prediction of forest carbon cycles in ecosystems affected by future climate change.AimsThis study aimed to investigate the effect of experimental warming on soil CO2 efflux, soil-air CO2 concentration, and plant biomass for two taxonomically different temperate tree species.MethodsExperimental warming was conducted in an open-field planted with Q. variabilis and P. densiflora seedlings. Infrared heaters increased the air temperature by 3\u00a0\u00b0C in the warmed plots compared with the air temperature in the control plots over a 2-year period.ResultsThe increase in air and soil temperature stimulated soil CO2 efflux by 29 and 22\u00a0% for the Q. variabilis and P. densiflora plots, respectively. Seasonal variation in the warming effect on soil CO2 efflux was species-specific. Soil CO2 efflux was also positively related to both soil temperature and soil water content. The soil moisture deficit decreased the difference in soil CO2 efflux between the control and warmed plots. Warming did not affect soil CO2 concentration and plant biomass in either species; however, the mean soil CO2 concentration was positively correlated with root and total biomass.ConclusionWarming increased soil CO2 efflux in both Q. variabilis and P. densiflora plots, while the increase showed remarkable seasonal variations and different magnitudes for the two species.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "soil temperature", "evergreen tree", "soil water", "Red pine", "seedling", "soil respiration", "01 natural sciences", "experimental study", "Pinus resinosa", "Climate change", "Pinus densiflora", "seasonal variation", "concentration (composition)", "Quercus variabilis", "Oriental oak", "carbon dioxide", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "air temperature", "carbon flux", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "coniferous tree", "phytomass", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Experimental warming", "soil moisture", "deciduous tree"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-016-0547-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20Forest%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13595-016-0547-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13595-016-0547-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13595-016-0547-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.04.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-05-31", "title": "Interannual And Interseasonal Soil Co2 Efflux And Voc Exchange Rates In A Mediterranean Holm Oak Forest In Response To Experimental Drought", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Drought", "Seasonality", "Soil VOCs", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "CO2 efflux", "Soil monoterpenes", "Soil temperature", "Soil moisture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.04.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.04.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.04.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.04.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.040", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-04", "title": "Nitric Oxide Emissions From Conventional Vegetable Fields In Southeastern China", "description": "Abstract   We conducted multi-year observations of nitric oxide (NO) fluxes from typical vegetable fields in the Yangtze River delta, which is located in southeastern China. Flux measurements were performed manually twice per week at intervals of 2\u20133 days, in both fertilized and unfertilized fields, over an investigation period of 1448 days (September 2004\u2013August 2008). In total, twelve vegetable-growing periods and a short fallow period were investigated. On average, the NO fluxes from the fertilized plots were 21 times higher than fluxes from the unfertilized plots ( p  \u22121 . The total amounts of NO emitted during the individual vegetable-growing periods correlated positively and exponentially with the products of seasonal mean soil temperatures and nitrogen addition rates ( R  2 \u00a0=\u00a00.87,  p  d , the loss rate of fertilizer nitrogen via NO emissions) for the four-year period was determined to be 0.51%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.11% (standard error of 3 observations). The EF d s of individual vegetable-growing seasons ranged from 0.05% to 1.24%, varying linearly and positively with the products of seasonal mean soil temperatures and nitrogen addition rates ( R  2 \u00a0=\u00a00.58,  p  d s occurred in soils with moisture contents ranging from 55% to 100% water-filled pore space (mean: 79%; standard deviation: 9%). The results of this study indicate that when other conditions remain relatively stable, the direct emission factor, a key parameter for compiling an inventory of NO emissions from vegetable fields, may vary with not only soil temperature but also nitrogen addition.", "keywords": ["Background emission", "13. Climate action", "Soil temperature", "Nitric oxide", "Direct emission factor", "Vegetable", "Nitrogen fertilizer", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.040"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.040", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.040", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.040"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.086", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-02-28", "title": "Soil Respiration Dynamics In Fire Affected Semi-Arid Ecosystems: Effects Of Vegetation Type And Environmental Factors", "description": "Soil respiration (Rs) is the second largest carbon flux in terrestrial ecosystems and therefore plays a crucial role in global carbon (C) cycling. This biogeochemical process is closely related to ecosystem productivity and soil fertility and is considered as a key indicator of soil health and quality reflecting the level of microbial activity. Wildfires can have a significant effect on Rs rates and the magnitude of the impacts will depend on environmental factors such as climate and vegetation, fire severity and meteorological conditions post-fire. In this research, we aimed to assess the impacts of a wildfire on the soil CO2 fluxes and soil respiration in a semi-arid ecosystem of Western Australia, and to understand the main edaphic and environmental drivers controlling these fluxes for different vegetation types. Our results demonstrated increased rates of Rs in the burnt areas compared to the unburnt control sites, although these differences were highly dependent on the type of vegetation cover and time since fire. The sensitivity of Rs to temperature (Q10) was also larger in the burnt site compared to the control. Both Rs and soil organic C were consistently higher under Eucalyptus trees, followed by Acacia shrubs. Triodia grasses had the lowest Rs rates and C contents, which were similar to those found under bare soil patches. Regardless of the site condition (unburnt or burnt), Rs was triggered during periods of higher temperatures and water availability and environmental factors (temperature and moisture) could explain a large fraction of Rs variability, improving the relationship of moisture or temperature as single factors with Rs. This study demonstrates the importance of assessing CO2 fluxes considering both abiotic factors and vegetation types after disturbances such as fire which is particularly important in heterogeneous semi-arid areas with patchy vegetation distribution where CO2 fluxes can be largely underestimated.", "keywords": ["580", "Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts", "550", "Q10", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil C", "01 natural sciences", "Heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration", "13. Climate action", "Pilbara region", "Soil temperature", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil moisture", "Global change", "Soil CO2 efflux", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.086"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.086", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.086", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.086"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-06832009000200010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:19:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-01", "title": "Carbon Dioxide Efflux In A Rhodic Hapludox As Affected By Tillage Systems In Southern Brazil", "description": "<p>Agricultural soils can act as a source or sink of atmospheric C, according to the soil management. This long-term experiment (22 years) was evaluated during 30 days in autumn, to quantify the effect of tillage systems (conventional tillage-CT and no-till-NT) on the soil CO2-C flux in a Rhodic Hapludox in Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil. A closed-dynamic system (Flux Chamber 6400-09, Licor) and a static system (alkali absorption) were used to measure soil CO2-C flux immediately after soybean harvest. Soil temperature and soil moisture were measured simultaneously with CO2-C flux, by Licor-6400 soil temperature probe and manual TDR, respectively. During the entire month, a CO2-C emission of less than 30 % of the C input through soybean crop residues was estimated. In the mean of a 30 day period, the CO2-C flux in NT soil was similar to CT, independent of the chamber type used for measurements. Differences in tillage systems with dynamic chamber were verified only in short term (daily evaluation), where NT had higher CO2-C flux than CT at the beginning of the evaluation period and lower flux at the end. The dynamic chamber was more efficient than the static chamber in capturing variations in CO2-C flux as a function of abiotic factors. In this chamber, the soil temperature and the water-filled pore space (WFPS), in the NT soil, explained 83 and 62 % of CO2-C flux, respectively. The Q10 factor, which evaluates CO2-C flux dependence on soil temperature, was estimated as 3.93, suggesting a high sensitivity of the biological activity to changes in soil temperature during fall season. The CO2-C flux measured in a closed dynamic chamber was correlated with the static alkali adsorption chamber only in the NT system, although the values were underestimated in comparison to the other, particularly in the case of high flux values. At low soil temperature and WFPS conditions, soil tillage caused a limited increase in soil CO2-C flux.</p>", "keywords": ["Efeito estufa", "2. Zero hunger", "Biologia do solo", "no-till", "umidade do solo", "soil temperature", "temperatura do solo", "Temperatura do solo", "No-till", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plantio direto", "15. Life on land", "Solos - Umidade", "6. Clean water", "Umidade do solo", "plantio direto", "Greenhouse gases", "13. Climate action", "greenhouse gases", "Soil temperature", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil moisture", "soil moisture", "gases de efeito estufa"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Chavez, Luis Fernando, Amado, Telmo Jorge Carneiro, Bayer, Cim\u00e9lio, La Scala, Newton Junior, Escobar, Luisa Fernanda, Fiorin, Jackson Ernani, Campos, Ben-Hur Costa de,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832009000200010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Ci%C3%AAncia%20do%20Solo", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-06832009000200010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-06832009000200010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-06832009000200010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1004818422908", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "description": "We quantified rates of soil respiration among sites within an agricultural landscape in central Iowa, USA. The study was conducted in riparian cool-season grass buffers, in re-established multispecies (switchgrass + poplar) riparian buffers and in adjacent crop (maize and soybean) fields. The objectives were to determine the variability in soil respiration among buffer types and crop fields within a riparian landscape, and to identify those factors correlating with the observed differences. Soil respiration was measured approximately monthly over a two-year period using the soda-lime technique. Mean daily soil respiration across all treatments ranged from 0.14 to 8.3 g C m\u22122 d\u22121. There were no significant differences between cool-season grass buffers and re-established forest buffers, but respiration rates beneath switchgrass were significantly lower than those beneath cool-season grass. Soil respiration was significantly greater in both buffer systems than in the cropped fields. Seasonal changes in soil respiration were strongly related to temperature changes. Over all sites, soil temperature and soil moisture together accounted for 69% of the seasonal variability in soil respiration. Annual soil respiration rates correlated strongly with soil organic carbon (R = 0.75, P < 0.001) and fine root (<2 mm) biomass (R = 0.85, P < 0.001). Annual soil respiration rates averaged 1140 g C m\u22122 for poplar, 1185 g C m\u22122 for cool-season grass, 1020 g C m\u22122 for switchgrass, 750 g C m\u22122 for soybean and 740 g C m\u22122 for corn. Overall, vegetated buffers had significantly higher soil respiration rates than did adjacent crop fields, indicating greater soil biological activity within the buffers.", "keywords": ["Soil Temperature", "Soil-CO2 Emissions", "Soil Moisture", "Agroecology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "T\u00fcfek\u00e7io\u011flu, Ayd\u0131n, Raich, J.W., Isenhart, T.M., Schultz, R.C.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1004818422908"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1004818422908", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1004818422908", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1004818422908"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.d01-133.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-11-02", "title": "Elevated Atmospheric Co2 Affects Decomposition Of Festuca Vivipara (L) Sm Litter And Roots In Experiments Simulating Environmental Change In Two Contrasting Arctic Ecosystems", "description": "<p>Mass loss, together with nitrogen and carbon loss, from above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground material and roots of Festuca vivipara were followed for 13 months in a high Arctic polar semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90desert and a low Arctic tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90line dwarf shrub heath. Festuca vivipara for the study was obtained from plants cultivated at two different CO2 concentrations (350 and 500 \uffce\uffbcL L\uffe2\uff80\uff931) in controlled environment chambers in the UK. Each of the four resource types (shoots or roots from plants grown in elevated or ambient CO2 concentrations) was subsequently placed in an experiment simulating aspects of environmental change in each Arctic ecosystem. Air, litter and soil temperatures were increased using open\uffe2\uff80\uff90topped polythene tents at both sites, and a 58% increase in summer precipitation was simulated at the high Arctic site.</p><p>Mass loss was greatest at the low Arctic site, and from the shoot material, rather than the roots. Shoots grown under an elevated CO2 concentration decomposed more slowly at the high Arctic site, and more quickly at the low Arctic one, than shoots grown at ambient CO2. After 13 months, greater amounts of C and N remained in above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground litter from plants grown under elevated, rather than ambient, CO2 at the polar semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90desert site, although lower amounts of C remained in elevated CO2 litter at the low Arctic ecosystem. In the high Arctic, roots grown in the 500 \uffce\uffbcL L\uffe2\uff80\uff931 CO2 concentration decomposed significantly more slowly than below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground material derived from the ambient CO2 chambers. Elevated CO2 concentrations significantly increased the inital C:N ratio, % soluble carbohydrates and \uffce\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff90cellulose content, and significantly decreased the inital N content, of the above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground material compared to that derived from the ambient treatment. Initially, the C:N ratio and percentage N were similar in both sets of roots derived from the two different CO2 treatments, but soluble carbohydrate and \uffce\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff90cellulose concentrations were higher, and percentage lignin lower, in the elevated CO2 treatments.The tent treatments significantly retarded shoot decomposition in both ecosystems, probably because of lower litter bag moisture contents, although the additional precipitation treatment had no effect on mass loss from the above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground material. The results suggest that neither additional summer precipitation (up to 58%), nor soil temperature increase of 1 \uffc2\uffb0C, which may occur by the end of the next century as an effect of a predicted 4 \uffc2\uffb0C rise in air temperature, had an appreciable effect on root decomposition in the short term in a high Arctic soil. However, at the low Arctic site, greater root decomposition, and a lower pool of root N remaining, were observed where soil temperature was increased by 2 \uffc2\uffb0C in response to a 4 \uffc2\uffb0C rise in air temperature. These results suggest that decomposition below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground in this ecosystem would increase as an effect of predicted climate change. These data also show that there is a difference in the initial results of decomposition processes between the two Arctic ecosystems in response to simulated environmental change.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Decomposition", "Litter quality", "Nitrogen", "Grass", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Arctic", "13. Climate action", "Soil temperature", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Elevated CO2", "Soil moisture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.d01-133.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.d01-133.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.d01-133.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.d01-133.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00729.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-24", "title": "Root Production Is Determined By Radiation Flux In A Temperate Grassland Community", "description": "Abstract<p>Accurate knowledge of the response of root turnover to a changing climate is needed to predict growth and produce carbon cycle models. A soil warming system and shading were used to vary soil temperature and received radiation independently in a temperate grassland dominated by Holcus lanatus L. Minirhizotrons allowed root growth and turnover to be examined non\uffe2\uff80\uff90destructively. In two short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (8 week) experiments, root responses to temperature were seasonally distinct. Root number increased when heating was applied during spring, but root death increased during autumnal heating. An experiment lasting 12 months demonstrated that any positive response to temperature was short\uffe2\uff80\uff90lived and that over a full growing season, soil warming led to a reduction in root number and mass due to increased root death during autumn and winter. Root respiration was also insensitive to soil temperature over much of the year. In contrast, root growth was strongly affected by incident radiation. Root biomass, length, birth rate, number and turnover were all reduced by shading. Photosynthesis in H. lanatus exhibited some acclimation to shading, but assimilation rates at growth irradiance were still lower in shaded plants. The negative effects of shading and soil warming on roots were additive. Comparison of root data with environmental measurements demonstrated a number of positive relationships with photosynthetically active radiation, but not with soil temperature. This was true both across the entire data set and within a shade treatment. These results demonstrate that root growth is unlikely to be directly affected by increased soil temperatures as a result of global warming, at least in temperate areas, and that predictions of net primary productivity should not be based on a positive root growth response to temperature.</p>", "keywords": ["Plantago lanceolata Acclimation", "Root respiration", "belowground production", "soil temperature", "warming", "Belowground net primary production", "550", "Received photosynthetically active radiation", "Root turnover", "Plantago lanceolata", "photosynthetically active radiation", "Plantago", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Root demography", "Temperature", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Minirhizotrons", "Keywords: acclimation", "climate change", "Holcus lanatus", "13. Climate action", "Lanceolata", "Soil warming", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "root system", "grassland", "shading", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/495/1/fitterah10.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00729.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00729.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00729.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00729.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00552.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-30", "title": "Water Regime And Growth Of Young Oak Stands Subjected To Air-Warming And Drought On Two Different Forest Soils In A Model Ecosystem Experiment", "description": "Abstract<p>Global climate change is expected to increase annual temperatures and decrease summer precipitation in Central Europe. Little is known of how forests respond to the interaction of these climate factors and if their responses depend on soil conditions. In a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90year lysimeter experiment, we investigated the growth response of young mixed oak stands, on either acidic or calcareous soil, to soil water regime, air\uffe2\uff80\uff90warming and drought treatments corresponding to an intermediate climate change scenario. The air\uffe2\uff80\uff90warming and drought treatments were applied separately as well as in combination. The air\uffe2\uff80\uff90warming treatment had no effect on soil water availability, evapotranspiration or stand biomass. Decreased evapotranspiration from the drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90exposed stands led to significantly higher air and soil temperatures, which were attributed to impaired transpirational cooling. Water limitation significantly reduced the stand foliage, shoot and root biomass as droughts were severe, as shown in low leaf water potentials. Additional air warming did not enhance the drought effects on evapotranspiration and biomass, although more negative leaf water potentials were observed. After re\uffe2\uff80\uff90watering, evapotranspiration increased within a few days to pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90drought levels. Stands not subjected to the drought treatment produced significantly less biomass on the calcareous soil than on the acidic soil, probably due to P or Mn limitation. There was no difference in biomass and water regime between the two soils under drought conditions, indicating that nutrient availability was governed by water availability under these conditions. The results demonstrate that young oak stands can cope with severe drought and therefore can be considered for future forestry.</p>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0106 biological sciences", "Hot Temperature", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "03 medical and health sciences", "Quercus", "Soil", "Stress", " Physiological", "Root: shoot ratio", "Soil temperature", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Manganese", "Evapotranspiration", "Air", "Water use efficiency", "Water", "Phosphorus", "Plant Transpiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Plant Structures", "Soil-plant interactions"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00552.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00552.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00552.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00552.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/su15097193", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:20:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-04-26", "title": "Trend for Soil CO2 Efflux in Grassland and Forest Land in Relation with Meteorological Conditions and Root Parameters", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The key process in understanding carbon dynamics under different ecosystems is quantifying soil CO2 efflux. However, this process can change annually as it depends on environmental variables. The results of this paper present the effects of root network, soil temperature, and volumetric water content on soil CO2 efflux, which were investigated on Retisol of two types of land uses in Western Lithuania in 2017\u20132019: forest and grassland. It was determined that the average soil CO2 efflux in the grassland was 32% higher than in the forest land. The CO2 efflux, average across land uses, tended to increase in the following order: 2017 &lt; 2018 &lt; 2019. Dry weather conditions with high temperatures during the vegetation period governed the soil CO2 efflux increase by 14%. Soil temperature (up to 20 \u00b0C) and volumetric water content (up to 23\u201325%) had a positive effect on the soil CO2 efflux increase on Retisol. We established that the root\u2019s activity plays one of the main roles in the CO2 production rate\u2014in both land uses, the soil CO2 efflux was influenced by the root length density and the root volume.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Retisol", "root volume", "soil temperature", "13. Climate action", "<i>Retisol</i>; CO<sub>2</sub> efflux; root volume; soil temperature; volumetric water content", "15. Life on land", "volumetric water content", "CO2 e-flux", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/9/7193/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/9/7193/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097193"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/su15097193", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/su15097193", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/su15097193"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-04-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2012.07.262", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:20:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "description": "Soil respiration is the primary way by which CO<sub>2</sub> absorbed by terrestrial plants returns to the atmosphere. And it may have distinctly dynamic patterns at different temporal scales since it is affected by diverse abiotic and biotic factors. Increasing deposition of nitrogen from the traditional cultivation of sympodial bamboos may lead to the sequestration of carbon in vegetation and soil. And the rising temperature and water content may increase the flux of CO<sub>2</sub> from the soil, but the response of the ecosystem to simultaneous changes in all of these factors is still unknown. Meanwhile, to provide abundant supply of bamboo timber, afforestation of bamboo species such as Oxytenanthera braunii Pilger ap. Engler, Dendrocalamus brandisii Kurz and D. giganteus Munro is encouraged by the government but without scientific directions. And chemical fertilizers are usually applied into fields unscientifically and blindly in the villages of southwest China. Subsequently, what will happen to the soil structure and how to balance soil nutrient environment in the situation of chemical fertilizer abuse?In the context of climate change, the amount of nitrogen allocated to the soil is predicted to increase with the productivity of terrestrial ecosystem, and may alter soil carbon storage capacities. To provide the proof of soil respiration responding to the nitrogen input for sympodial bamboo afforestation at the beginning period, we set up four nitrogen fertilization (CO (NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>) levels in mid-high mountain of southeast China, i. e. N content of 0, 40, 80, 160 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>(expressed on N<sub>0</sub>, N<sub>40</sub>, N<sub>80</sub>, N<sub>160</sub>, respectively), using the two-year old stump of wine bamboo which were planted every five meters. The soil respiration rate is measured by using trenching method and infrared gas analyzer. The responding mechanism is discussed through analyzing the change of soil temperature at 10 cm depth (T10), as well as changes of soil water-soluble organic carbon content (WSOC) and soil water content (SW).Results showed that soil respiration rate was quite different between rainy and dry seasons. The soil respiration rate increased at the end of April or in the beginning of May when the rainy season arrived. Its wave crest arrived in July, Aug. and Sept., and then the rate decreased along with the dry season in Nov., Dec., Feb. and Mar., then the trough of soil respiration rate appeared. The variation rule of T10, WSOC and SW was similar as this way. Exponential function could be used to describe the relationship between T10 and respiration rate. Meanwhile, WSOC and SW showed a linear relationship with the respiration rate respectively, and the regression test indicted that it was significant. And the temperature sensitivity value Q10 of a whole year was 2.45 -2.78 nearby. In rainy season, Q10 decreased to 1.66 - 1.89, which indicated that the sensitivity of respiration rate responding to temperature decreased. On the contrary, Q10 ascended to 4.85 - 9.54 in dry season. The yearly data of WSOC were unstable, and the nitrogen input could not enhance T10 and SW, but N<sub>80</sub> and N<sub>160</sub> could increase WSOC relatively. The changes of SW and T10 explained 96.10%, 94.30%, 94.48% and 92.99% of the variation of soil respiration rate in the treatment of N<sub>0</sub>, N<sub>40</sub>, N<sub>80</sub> and N<sub>160</sub>, which contributed most of the information. The main factor affecting the soil respiration in rainy and dry seasons was quite different, which was SW and T10 respectively.As a consequence, the increase in ecosystem productivity may lead to an increase in carbon turnover in the soil, via an increase in the amount of biomass. But its process and mechanism involving different carbon pools are very complex, and to measure the soil respiration rate alone can not totally reflect the whole change of carbon cycle. Experiments of further control that involves different carbon pools interaction appending to the measurements of CO<sub>2</sub> emission will help to clarify the relative importance of bulk soil and micro-relationship in the prime effect.", "keywords": ["afforestation in semiarid region", "bamboo cultivation", "soil temperature", "QH301-705.5", "Agriculture (General)", "soil water content", "Biology (General)", "soil water-soluble organic carbon content", "S1-972"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wang ShuDong, Li Weicheng, Wang Shuguang, Zhong ZheKe, Zheng Youmiao, Sheng Haiyan,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2012.07.262"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/%E6%B5%99%E6%B1%9F%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%A5.%20%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E4%B8%8E%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%88", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2012.07.262", "name": "item", "description": "10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2012.07.262", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2012.07.262"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.8382j4r", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:20:55Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Spatial variation and linkages of soil and vegetation in the Siberian Arctic tundra \u2013 coupling field observations with remote sensing data", "description": "unspecifiedPlant, soil and remote  sensing attributes of a Siberian Arctic sitePlant and soil data of  study plots were collected in the field in summer 2014. NDVI and  topographical attributes were later extracted from three satellite images,  portraying the field site and vegetation in three different years at 180,  220 and 750 DD (growing degree days with 0 C threshold). Plant species  presence (1 in data) and absence (0 in data) in study plots is available  for dicotyledonous vascular plants. Land cover types are based on  ground-based visual judgement.Mikola et al.  2018_Biogeosciences.xlsx", "keywords": ["Vascular plant", "Satellite image", "soil temperature", "reflectance", "Permafrost", "spatial variation", "Spatial extrapolation", "Salix", "15. Life on land", "Betula nana", "moss", "Ecosystem carbon exchange", "LAI", "Sphagnum", "Carex", "Eriophorum", "13. Climate action", "Land cover type"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mikola, Juha, Virtanen, Tarmo, Linkosalmi, Maiju, V\u00e4h\u00e4, Emmi, Nyman, Johanna, Postanogova, Olga, R\u00e4s\u00e4nen, Aleksi, Kotze, D. Johan, Laurila, Tuomas, Juutinen, Sari, Kondratyev, Vladimir, Aurela, Mika,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8382j4r"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.8382j4r", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.8382j4r", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.8382j4r"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-05-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10454359", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:21:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-04-26", "title": "Trend for Soil CO2 Efflux in Grassland and Forest Land in Relation with Meteorological Conditions and Root Parameters", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The key process in understanding carbon dynamics under different ecosystems is quantifying soil CO2 efflux. However, this process can change annually as it depends on environmental variables. The results of this paper present the effects of root network, soil temperature, and volumetric water content on soil CO2 efflux, which were investigated on Retisol of two types of land uses in Western Lithuania in 2017\u20132019: forest and grassland. It was determined that the average soil CO2 efflux in the grassland was 32% higher than in the forest land. The CO2 efflux, average across land uses, tended to increase in the following order: 2017 &lt; 2018 &lt; 2019. Dry weather conditions with high temperatures during the vegetation period governed the soil CO2 efflux increase by 14%. Soil temperature (up to 20 \u00b0C) and volumetric water content (up to 23\u201325%) had a positive effect on the soil CO2 efflux increase on Retisol. We established that the root\u2019s activity plays one of the main roles in the CO2 production rate\u2014in both land uses, the soil CO2 efflux was influenced by the root length density and the root volume.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Retisol", "root volume", "soil temperature", "13. Climate action", "<i>Retisol</i>; CO<sub>2</sub> efflux; root volume; soil temperature; volumetric water content", "15. Life on land", "volumetric water content", "CO2 e-flux", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/9/7193/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/9/7193/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10454359"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10454359", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10454359", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10454359"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-04-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.4542881", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:22:39Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Total and partitioned soil respiration and below-ground carbon budget in SAFE intensive carbon plots", "description": "<b>Description: </b>This dataset contains two parts: <br>1) 'data' worksheet: measured soil respiration, values of individual measurements across all plots. <br>2) 'Soil C cycle' worksheet: calculated summaries of the components of the below-ground carbon cycle, including total and component soil respiration (this study), soil carbon pools and flows of organic carbon (previous studies). These data form the basis of the below-ground carbon cycle in Riutta et al 2021 GBC. This sheet contains mean values in each 1 ha carbon plot. This worksheet include two addititional carbon plots from Lambir Hills National Park (see Kho et al. 2013 JGR), which are not part of the SAFE Project. <br><br>SAFE Intensive Carbon Plots, part of the Global Ecosystem Monitoring (GEM) network, see http://gem.tropicalforests.ox.ac.uk/.<br>Total soil respiration is measured at 25 points per plot, in the middle of each subplot (16 points per plot in OP, in subplot corners), using PVC collars of 10.65 cm internal diameter, inserted into approximately 5 cm depth.<br>Partitioned respiration is measured at four points per plot, a using a cluster of six collars (see below).<br>Disturbance experiment in the plot centre to assess the potential bias on fluxes caused by the collar installation.<br>All the methods and installation is described in detail in the GEM Intensive Carbon Plots manual, available at http://gem.tropicalforests.ox.ac.uk/files/rainfor-gemmanual.v3.0.pdf.<br>The aim is to measure monthly, but in practice the measurement interval is almost always longer (problems with access, staffing and instruments).<br>EGM-4 infrared CO2 analyser and SRC-1 respiration chamber (PP Systems).<br>Chamber closure time is 124 seconds, CO2 concentration inside the chamber is recorded every 5 s. Flux is calculated from the linear change in concentration in the chamber headspace.<br><br><br>Conversion from parts per million (ppm) of total gas volume per second per unit collar area to mega grams (1 Mg = 10^6 g) of carbon per hectare per month.<br> <br>Idea gas law: pV=nRT --&gt; n=pV/(RT) <br>Mass-Mole: n=m/M --&gt; m=n*M <br>Combined: m=MpV/(RT) <br> <br>p (constant) 101,325 <br>R (constant) 8.314472 <br>T temperature in Kelvins --&gt; AirT_Use + 273.15 <br>V headspace volume <br>M_carbon 12.01 <br> <br>parts per million to absolute units 10^-6 <br>A collar area, m2 0.008825 <br>m2 to hectare 10^4 <br>grams to megagrams 10^-6 <br>seconds to months 2592000 <br> <br>Flux_MgCha-1month-1 = Slope_ppm_s-1 * M* p* V /(R*T) * 10^-6 / A * 10^4 * 10^-6 * 2592000 <br>Soil collar codes Partitioned respiration <br>C1 All soil respiration components: litter, roots, mycorrhiza, soil organic matter (SOM)<br>C2 Roots excluded (litter, mycorrhiza, SOM)<br>C3 Roots and mycorrhiza excluded (litter, SOM)<br>S1 Litter excluded (roots, mycorrhiza, SOM)<br>S2 Litter and roots excluded (mycorrhiza, SOM)<br>S3 Litter, roots and mycorrhiza excluded (only SOM)<br>D1 Double litter, roots, mycorrhiza, soil organic matter (SOM)<br>D2 Roots excluded (double litter, mycorrhiza, SOM)<br>D3 Roots and mycorrhiza excluded (double litter, SOM)<br>X Organic layer of the soil removed<br> <br>Disturbance The purpose of the disturbance experiment is to quantify how much disturbance the removal of the roots and mixing the soil causes, compared to just hammering in the deep collar<br>ND1 Roots severed, not removed and soil not mixed at the installation<br>ND2 ND1-ND5 are replicates, same treatmet<br>ND3 <br>ND4 <br>ND5 <br>D1 Roots removed, soil mixed at the installation<br>D2 D1-D5 are replicates<br>D3 <br>D4 <br>D5 <br> <b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <b>Changing carbon dioxide and water budgets from deforestation and habitat modification</b><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: Sime Darby Foundation (Grant, SAFE Core data)European Research Council Advanced Investigator Grant, GEM-TRAIT (Grant, Grant number 321131)NERC Human-Modified Tropical Forests Programme: Biodiversity And Land-use Impacts on tropical ecosystem function (BALI) Project (Grant, NE/K016369/1)NERC standard grant: The multi-year impacts of the 2015/2016 El Ni\u00f1o on the carbon cycle of tropical forests worldwide (Grant, NE/P001092/1)HSBC Malaysia (Grant)The University of Zurich (Grant)This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.<b>Permits: </b>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:Sabah Biodiversity Council (Research licence JKM/MBs.1000-2/2 JLD.6 (76))<b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available here<b>Files: </b>This dataset consists of 2 files: SAFE_SoilRespiration_Data_SAFEdatabase_update_2021-01-11.xlsx, SAFE_soil_DATA.zip<b>SAFE_SoilRespiration_Data_SAFEdatabase_update_2021-01-11.xlsx</b>This file contains dataset metadata and 2 data tables:<b>Soil respiration data</b> (described in worksheet data)Description: Soil respiration data by individual measurementsNumber of fields: 21Number of data rows: 20602Fields: <b>ForestType</b>: Old-growth, Logged or Oil palm (Field type: categorical)<b>SAFEPlotName</b>: SAFE plot name (Field type: location)<b>PlotName</b>: Plot name (Field type: id)<b>ForestPlotsCode</b>: Plot code in the ForestPlots database (this should be used in publications, instead of plot name). OP plot is not in the ForestPlots database (ForestPlotsCode = NA) (Field type: id)<b>Date</b>: Measurement date (dd/mm/yyyy) (Field type: date)<b>Observers</b>: Observers (Field type: comments)<b>Subplot</b>: Subplot number within each plot, 1-25 (in OP, because the total respiration collars are in subplot corners, no subplot numbers are used, but the collars are refered to as SR1 - SR16. Subplot numbers are used for the partitioned respiration) (Field type: id)<b>MeasurementType</b>: Total, Partitioned or Disturbance (Field type: categorical)<b>CollarType</b>: Total; Partitioned: C1, C2, C3, S1, S2, S3, D1, D2, D3, X; Disturbance: ND1, ND2, ND3, ND4, ND5, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 (see metadata description for codes) (Field type: id)<b>EGM_RecordNumber</b>: Record number in of the raw flux file. (Field type: id)<b>SoilMoisture</b>: Volumetric soil moisture content (% of pore space) next to the collar. measured with Campbell Scientific Hydrosense sensor with 12 cm rods. (Field type: numeric)<b>SoilT</b>: Soil temperature (\u00b0C) is measured with a handheld digital thermometer next to the collar, inserted into 10 cm depth (Field type: numeric)<b>AirT</b>: Air temperature (\u00b0C) is measured with a handheld digital thermometer outside the chamber, at the chamber height, in a shaded spot (Field type: numeric)<b>Slope</b>: Slope of the linear regression between time (seconds) from the chamber closure and CO2 concentration (parts per million, ppm) in the chamber headspace. (Field type: numeric)<b>Remarks</b>: Any notes in the field or at data entry stage. 0 = no remarks. If the measurement is repeated in the field multiple times, the other flux estimates are sometimes written in the remarks (not consistent). 2x, 3x etc. indicate multiple repeats. (Field type: comments)<b>CollarHeight</b>: Height from the top of the soil to the top of the collar, mm. This is used for calculating the total headspapce volume (chamber volume + collar volume above the soil surface). (Field type: numeric)<b>HeadspaceVolume</b>: Total headspace volume, sum of the chamber volume (0.001229 m3) and collar volume (d=0.106 m, h=CollarHeight_mm/1000) (Field type: numeric)<b>AirT_Use</b>: Gap filled air temperature data, missing air temperatures replaced with average temperature in logged (27.1), old-growth forest (26.2) and OP (28.7). This is needed for calculating the flux, but should not be used in response functions etc. (Field type: numeric)<b>Flux</b>: Flux corverted from ppm s-1 to Mg carbon per hectare per month. See conversion below. (Field type: numeric)<b>Quality</b>: 1 - good flux; 0 - missing data or bad measurement; 2 - outlier (Field type: numeric)<b>Girdling_0_1</b>: In Tower Plot (SAF-05), subplots 14-25, all trees were girdled in late January - early February 2016. Post-girdling data = 1, if no girdling = 0. (Field type: numeric)<b>Soil carbon cycle</b> (described in worksheet Soil C cycle)Description: Estimates of soil carbon pools (fine and coarse root biomass, root and litter necromass, soil organic carbon); fluxes of organic carbon into and respiration out of the different pools. Values are means for each intensive carbon plot.Number of fields: 41Number of data rows: 11Fields: <b>ForestType</b>: Old-growth, Logged or Oil palm (Field type: categorical)<b>SAFEPlotName</b>: SAFE plot name, as in the SAFE Gazetteer (Field type: location)<b>PlotName</b>: Plot name (used in field work) (Field type: id)<b>ForestPlotsCode</b>: Plot code, as in the ForestPlots database (this should be used in publications, instead of plot name) (Field type: id)<b>SOC_0to100cm</b>: Soil carbon stock, 0-100 cm layer (Field type: numeric)<b>CanopyStock</b>: Biomass stock of the canopy (Field type: numeric)<b>LitterStock</b>: Necromass stock of the litter layer (leaf, branch and reproductive litter) (Field type: numeric)<b>NPP_Canopy</b>: Canopy net primary productivity (Field type: numeric)<b>CanopyHerbivory</b>: Canopy herbivory (Field type: numeric)<b>Litterfall</b>: Canopy litterfall (leaves, reproductive parts, twigs &lt; 2 cm diameter) (Field type: numeric)<b>Frassfall1</b>: Frassfall, 1st literature estimate (Field type: numeric)<b>Frassfall2</b>: Frassfall, 2nd literature estimate (Field type: numeric)<b>Frassfall_Mean</b>: Frassfall, mean of the Frassfall 1 and Frassfall 2 (Field type: numeric)<b>FineRootStock</b>: Fine root biomass stock (Field type: numeric)<b>CoarseRootStock</b>: Coarse root biomass stock (Field type: numeric)<b>Delta_FRstock</b>: Change in fine root biomass stock in logged forest (old-growth forest stock assumed to be in quasi-equilibrium) (Field type: numeric)<b>Delta_CRstock</b>: Change in coarse root biomass stock in logged forest (old-growth forest stock assumed to be in quasi-equilibrium) (Field type: numeric)<b>NPP_FR</b>: Fine root net primary productivity (Field type: numeric)<b>NPP_CR</b>: Coarse root net primary productivity (Field type: numeric)<b>Mortality_FR</b>: Fine root mortality (Field type: numeric)<b>Mortality_CR</b>: Coarse root mortality (Field type: numeric)<b>R_Tot</b>: Total soil respiration (litter, roots, mycorrhiza, soil organic matter) (Field type: numeric)<b>R_SOM</b>: Soil organic matter respiration (Field type: numeric)<b>R_Litter</b>: Litter layer respiration (Field type: numeric)<b>R_Root</b>: Root and priming respiration (Field type: numeric)<b>R_Myc</b>: Mycorrhizal respiration (Field type: numeric)<b>R_Rhizosphere</b>: Rhizosphere respiration (Field type: numeric)<b>R_FRdebris</b>: Fine root debris (recently dead, &lt; 1 year) respiration (Field type: numeric)<b>R_CRdebris</b>: Coarse root debris (recently dead, &lt; 1 year) respiration (Field type: numeric)<b>R_RootTurnover</b>: Root turnover respiration (sum of fine and coarse root debris respiration) (Field type: numeric)<b>R_Het</b>: Heterotrophic respiration (Field type: numeric)<b>Exudation1</b>: Root exudation, 1st literature estimate (Field type: numeric)<b>Exudation2</b>: Root exudation, 2nd literature estimate (Field type: numeric)<b>Exudation3</b>: Root exudation, 3rd literature estimate (Field type: numeric)<b>Exudation4</b>: Root exudation, 4th literature estimate (Field type: numeric)<b>Exudation5</b>: Root exudation, 5th literature estimate (Field type: numeric)<b>Exudation_Mean</b>: Root exudation, mean of the five literature-based estimates (Field type: numeric)<b>LitterToSOM</b>: Litter inputs (&gt; 1 year old material) to soil organic matter (Field type: numeric)<b>FRdebrisToSOM</b>: Fine root debris inputs (&gt; 1 year old material) to soil organic matter (Field type: numeric)<b>CRdebrisToSOM</b>: Coarse root debris inputs (&gt; 1 year old material) to soil organic matter (Field type: numeric)<b>OrgInputsToSOM</b>: Total labile organic inputs (&gt; 1 year old material) to soil organic matter (Field type: numeric)<b>SAFE_soil_DATA.zip</b>Description: Raw EGM files and a ReadMe doc explaining how to interpret <b>Date range: </b>2011-08-25 to 2018-07-17<b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.1830 to 5.0700<b>Longitudinal extent: </b>114.0190 to 117.8200", "keywords": ["570", "Soil carbon cycle", "Soil organic matter", "Flux", "Total respiration", "Soil respiration", "15. Life on land", "Partioned respiration", "Autotrophic respiration", "Roots", "6. Clean water", "630", "SAFE core data", "Below-ground", "Carbon dioxide", "SAFE project", "Heterotropchic respiration", "Litter", "Soil temperature", "CO2", "Carbon plot", "Soil moisture"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Riutta, Terhi, Ewers, Robert M, Malhi, Yadvinder, Majalap, Noreen, Khoon, Kho Lip,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4542881"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.4542881", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.4542881", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.4542881"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7219753", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:22:51Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Dataset to: Deforestation for agriculture leads to soil warming and enhanced litter decomposition in subarctic soils", "description": "Deforestation for agriculture leads to soil warming and enhanced litter decomposition in subarctic soils<br> T. Peplau, C. Poeplau, E. Gregorich, J. Schroeder This repository contains a dataset of soil temperature, soil parameters, farm management and additional site informations. Soil_temperature_data_Yukon.zip: Temperature data from different farms across the Yukon.<br> Each .xlsx file contains data from one temperature logger that logged soil temperature every 2 hours. The individual sheets are named in the following scheme:<br> Farm_landuse_depth.xlsx<br> Farm contains two letters corresponding to the identifier in the soil data set<br> landuse contains either F ('Forest'), CM ('Cropland / Market Garden') or G ('Grassland')<br> Depth is either 10 cm or 50 cm teabags.csv contains raw data about the initial weight of the teabags buried, their location and their weight after two years in the soil tea_decomposition contains the mean decomposition (n=3) of the tabags from each plot and corresponding temperature statistics, based on the logger data Soil_I_IV.csv contains soil parameters from soil samples at 0-10 cm and 40-60 cm site_data_R.csv contains geographical information and soil data that has only been measured once per site", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "land-use change", "soil temperature", "Tea bags", "carbon", "soil organic matter", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Peplau, Tino, Poeplau, Christopher, Gregorich, Edward, Schroeder, Julia,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7219753"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7219753", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7219753", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7219753"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-10-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11388/369610", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:24:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-09-21", "title": "Vegetation type and climate determine temperature thresholds of soil respiration across drylands", "description": "Closed AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["Soil respiration Water-limited ecosystems Forest Shrubland Grassland Soil temperature and moisture thresholds Plant and microbial community adaptation Land-surface models", "Soil temperature and moisture thresholds", "Water-limited ecosystems", "Forest", "Soil respiration", "Grassland", "Plant and microbial community adaptation", "Land-surface models", "Shrubland"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mar\u00eda Almagro, Ana Rey, Rosa M. Incl\u00e1n, Josep Barba, Rodrigo Vargas, Arnaud Carrara, Jos\u00e9 M. Gr\u00fcnzweig, Marcelo Sternberg, Yiftach Talmon, Rebecca L. McCulley, Sara Mara\u00f1\u00f3n-Jim\u00e9nez, Pen\u00e9lope Serrano-Ortiz, Javier Mart\u00ednez-L\u00f3pez, Carme Estruch, Gabriele Guidolotti, Chao-Ting Chang, Joan Llovet, Mauro Lo Cascio, Jorge F. Perez-Quezada, Alexandra C. Correia, Jo\u00e3o Banza, Mar\u00eda C. Caldeira, Carla Nogueira, Miguel N. Bugalho, Mariah S. Carbone, Mar\u00eda Mart\u00ednez-Mena, Simone Mereu, Jorge Curiel Yuste,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/11388/369610"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11388/369610", "name": "item", "description": "11388/369610", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11388/369610"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10017/50911", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:23:40Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Global maps of soil temperature", "description": "Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0&#8211;5 and 5&#8211;15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10\u00b0C (mean = 3.0 \u00b1 2.1\u00b0C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 \u00b1 2.3\u00b0C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (&#8722;0.7 \u00b1 2.3\u00b0C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "Bioclimatic variables", "Global maps", "Soil temperature", "Temperature offset", "Weather stations", "Geology", "Geolog\u00eda", "Microclimate", "15. Life on land", "Near-surface temperatures", "Soil-dwelling organisms"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pablo Hern\u00e1ndez, Miguel \u00c1ngel de", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10017/50911"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10017/50911", "name": "item", "description": "10017/50911", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10017/50911"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10449/74200", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:23:56Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Global maps of soil temperature", "description": "Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0\u20135 and 5\u201315 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10\u00b0C (mean = 3.0 \u00b1 2.1\u00b0C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 \u00b1 2.3\u00b0C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (\u22120.7 \u00b1 2.3\u00b0C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.", "keywords": ["Bioclimatic variables", "Global maps", "Soil temperature", "Temperature offset", "Weather stations", "Microclimate", "Near-surface temperatures", "Soil-dwelling organisms"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openpub.fmach.it/bitstream/10449/74200/1/Global%20Change%20Biology%20-%202022%20-%20Lembrechts%20-%20Global%20maps%20of%20soil%20temperature.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10449/74200"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10449/74200", "name": "item", "description": "10449/74200", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10449/74200"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10481/73202", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:23:57Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Global maps of soil temperature", "description": "Atribuci\u00f3n-NoComercial 3.0 Espa\u00f1aResearch in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0\u20135 and 5\u201315 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 p ixels ( summarized f rom 8 519 u nique t emperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10\u00b0C (mean = 3.0 \u00b1 2.1\u00b0C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 \u00b1 2.3\u00b0C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (\u22120.7 \u00b1 2.3\u00b0C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.", "keywords": ["Bioclimatic variables", "Global maps", "Soil temperature", "Temperature offset", "Weather stations", "Microclimate", "Near-surface temperatures", "Soil-dwelling organisms"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lembrechts, Jonas J., Fern\u00e1ndez Calzado, Mar\u00eda Rosa, Lorite Moreno, Juan,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10481/73202"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10481/73202", "name": "item", "description": "10481/73202", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10481/73202"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "56fcf114-1c1e-46ac-b21a-b43ff7441335", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[11.07, 47.83], [11.07, 47.83], [11.07, 47.83], [11.07, 47.83], [11.07, 47.83]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "environmental factors"}, {"id": "water"}, {"id": "Soil analysis"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "soil amendments"}, {"id": "Soil biology"}, {"id": "Temperature profile"}, {"id": "moisture content"}, {"id": "Temperature"}, {"id": "Soil temperature"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "soil profile"}, {"id": "soil moisture"}, {"id": "temperature"}], "scheme": "GEMET - Concepts, version 2.4"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "farming systems"}, {"id": "Grassland management"}, {"id": "Grassland soils"}, {"id": "grasslands"}, {"id": "permanent grasslands"}, {"id": "agriculture"}, {"id": "agricultural practices"}, {"id": "Climatic change"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}], "scheme": "Individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. (e.g. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non-scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \u201cData re-used from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of BonaRes Module A-Project - SUSALPS's research activities.\u201d Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, BonaRes Module A-Project- SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner/author.)", "updated": "2020-02-14", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2018-12-05", "language": "eng", "title": "SUSALPS temperature and volumetric soil water content Graswang Subplot 1 in Fendt extensiv", "description": "Grassland is a precious good. Grassland contributes to food security by providing fodder for dairy and beef farming, storing nutrients and increasing biodiversity. These functions that secure the fertility and yields of soil are jeopardized by climate change, especially in monane and alpine areas.\nIn SUSALPS, scientists, authorities and farmers work together to investigate the influence of climate change on i) plant biodiversity, ii) C and N storage, iii) greenhouse gas exchange, iv) socio economic conditions that influence decision making of farmers.\nA central experimental aspect is the translocation of soil mesocosms from higher elevation to lower elevation (Esterberg site at 1200m, Graswang site at 860m, Fendt at 600m, Bayreuth at 300m). To reflect the spatial heterogeneity of soils, mesocosms from three different subplots approx. 100-300m apart from each other are translocated. Since temperatures are higher and precipitation is lower in lower elevation, the translocated mesocosms experience climate change.\nThis dataset contains daily average soil temperature and volumetric soil water content in 5 and 15 cm depth.\nTreatment: Graswang Subplot 1 in Fendt extensiv\nDevice: Decagon 5TM\nTimescale: Daily average\nDepths: 5 and 15 cm", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["environmental factors", "water", "Soil analysis", "Soil", "soil amendments", "Soil biology", "Temperature profile", "moisture content", "Temperature", "Soil temperature", "soil profile", "soil moisture", "temperature", "farming systems", "Grassland management", "Grassland soils", "grasslands", "permanent grasslands", "agriculture", "agricultural practices", "Climatic change", "Boden", "opendata"], "contacts": [{"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": "Garmisch-Partenkirchen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "82467", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=56fcf114-1c1e-46ac-b21a-b43ff7441335", "rel": "download"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/217290dd-a23f-4734-96d5-71b878a2fca8", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "56fcf114-1c1e-46ac-b21a-b43ff7441335", "name": "item", "description": "56fcf114-1c1e-46ac-b21a-b43ff7441335", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/56fcf114-1c1e-46ac-b21a-b43ff7441335"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2016-08-11T00:00:00Z", "2018-10-09T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "11584/332967", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:24:09Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Global maps of soil temperature", "description": "Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2&nbsp;m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0\u20135 and 5\u201315&nbsp;cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10\u00b0C (mean&nbsp;=&nbsp;3.0&nbsp;\u00b1&nbsp;2.1\u00b0C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6&nbsp;\u00b1&nbsp;2.3\u00b0C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (\u22120.7&nbsp;\u00b1&nbsp;2.3\u00b0C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.", "keywords": ["Bioclimatic variables; Global maps; Microclimate; Near-surface temperatures; Soil temperature; Soil-dwelling organisms; Temperature offset; Weather stations; Climate change; Temperature; Ecosystem; Soil"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lembrechts J. J., van den Hoogen J., Aalto J., Ashcroft M. B., De Frenne P., Kemppinen J., Kopecky M., Luoto M., Maclean I. M. D., Crowther T. W., Bailey J. J., Haesen S., Klinges D. H., Niittynen P., Scheffers B. R., Van Meerbeek K., Aartsma P., Abdalaze O., Abedi M., Aerts R., Ahmadian N., Ahrends A., Alatalo J. M., Alexander J. M., Allonsius C. N., Altman J., Ammann C., Andres C., Andrews C., Ardo J., Arriga N., Arzac A., Aschero V., Assis R. L., Assmann J. J., Bader M. Y., Bahalkeh K., Barancok P., Barrio I. C., Barros A., Barthel M., Basham E. W., Bauters M., Bazzichetto M., Marchesini L. B., Bell M. C., Benavides J. C., Benito Alonso J. L., Berauer B. J., Bjerke J. W., Bjork R. G., Bjorkman M. P., Bjornsdottir K., Blonder B., Boeckx P., Boike J., Bokhorst S., Brum B. N. S., Bruna J., Buchmann N., Buysse P., Camargo J. L., Campoe O. C., Candan O., Canessa R., Cannone N., Carbognani M., Carnicer J., Casanova-Katny A., Cesarz S., Chojnicki B., Choler P., Chown S. L., Cifuentes E. F., Ciliak M., Contador T., Convey P., Cooper E. J., Cremonese E., Curasi S. R., Curtis R., Cutini M., Dahlberg C. J., Daskalova G. N., de Pablo M. A., Della Chiesa S., Dengler J., Deronde B., Descombes P., Di Cecco V., Di Musciano M., Dick J., Dimarco R. D., Dolezal J., Dorrepaal E., Dusek J., Eisenhauer N., Eklundh L., Erickson T. E., Erschbamer B., Eugster W., Ewers R. M., Exton D. A., Fanin N., Fazlioglu F., Feigenwinter I., Fenu G., Ferlian O., Fernandez Calzado M. R., Fernandez-Pascual E., Finckh M., Higgens R. F., Forte T. G. W., Freeman E. C., Frei E. R., Fuentes-Lillo E., Garcia R. A., Garcia M. B., Geron C., Gharun M., Ghosn D., Gigauri K., Gobin A., Goded I., Goeckede M., Gottschall F., Goulding K., Govaert S., Graae B. J., Greenwood S., Greiser C., Grelle A., Guenard B., Guglielmin M., Guillemot J., Haase P., Haider S., Halbritter A. H., Hamid M., Hammerle A., Hampe A., Haugum S. V., Hederova L., Heinesch B., Helfter C., Hepenstrick D., Herberich M., Herbst M., Hermanutz L., Hik D. S., Hoffren R., Homeier J., Hortnagl L., Hoye T. T., Hrbacek F., Hylander K., Iwata H., Jackowicz-Korczynski M. A., Jactel H., Jarveoja J., Jastrzebowski S., Jentsch A., Jimenez J. J., Jonsdottir I. S., Jucker T., Jump A. S., Juszczak R., Kanka R., Kaspar V., Kazakis G., Kelly J., Khuroo A. A., Klemedtsson L., Klisz M., Kljun N., Knohl A., Kobler J., Kollar J., Kotowska M. M., Kovacs B., Kreyling J., Lamprecht A., Lang S. I., Larson C., Larson K., Laska K., le Maire G., Leihy R. I., Lens L., Liljebladh B., Lohila A., Lorite J., Loubet B., Lynn J., Macek M., Mackenzie R., Magliulo E., Maier R., Malfasi F., Malis F.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unica.it/bitstream/11584/332967/1/2022_Global_maps_soil_temperature_GlobalChangeBiology.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/11584/332967"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11584/332967", "name": "item", "description": "11584/332967", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11584/332967"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1295b9994deae0387c2be67c1d753988", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:24:13Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Global maps of soil temperature", "description": "Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0\u20135 and 5\u201315 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10\u00b0C (mean = 3.0 \u00b1 2.1\u00b0C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 \u00b1 2.3\u00b0C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (\u22120.7 \u00b1 2.3\u00b0C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.", "keywords": ["near-surface temperatures", "bioclimatic variables", "soil temperature", "temperature offset", "global maps", "soil-dwelling organisms", "weather stations", "microclimate", "Climate Science", "Klimatvetenskap"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lembrechts, Jonas J., van den Hoogen, Johan, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Larson, Keith, Sarneel, Judith M., Walz, Josefine, Nijs, Ivan, Lenoir, Jonathan,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/1295b9994deae0387c2be67c1d753988"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1295b9994deae0387c2be67c1d753988", "name": "item", "description": "1295b9994deae0387c2be67c1d753988", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1295b9994deae0387c2be67c1d753988"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1854/LU-8743335", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:24:18Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Global maps of soil temperature", "description": "Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km(2) resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km(2) pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10 degrees C (mean = 3.0 +/- 2.1 degrees C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 +/- 2.3 degrees C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 +/- 2.3 degrees C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.", "keywords": ["Technology and Engineering", "soil temperature", "Biology and Life Sciences", "soil-dwelling organisms", "SNOW-COVER", "MITIGATION", "MOISTURE", "FOREST", "weather stations", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "PERMAFROST", "near-surface temperatures", "PLANT-RESPONSES", "bioclimatic variables", "CLIMATIC CONTROLS", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "temperature offset", "SUITABILITY", "global maps", "MICROCLIMATE", "CBCE", "microclimate"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/1854/LU-8743335"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1854/LU-8743335", "name": "item", "description": "1854/LU-8743335", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1854/LU-8743335"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1893/33794", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:24:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-12-30", "title": "Global maps of soil temperature", "description": "Abstract<p>Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2\uffc2\uffa0m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1\uffe2\uff80\uff90km2resolution for 0\uffe2\uff80\uff935 and 5\uffe2\uff80\uff9315\uffc2\uffa0cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1\uffe2\uff80\uff90km2pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse\uffe2\uff80\uff90grained air temperature estimates from ERA5\uffe2\uff80\uff90Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10\uffc2\uffb0C (mean\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa03.0\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.1\uffc2\uffb0C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.3\uffc2\uffb0C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (\uffe2\uff88\uff920.7\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.3\uffc2\uffb0C). The observed substantial and biome\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near\uffe2\uff80\uff90surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.</p", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Bioclimatic variables; Global maps; Microclimate; Near-surface temperatures; Soil temperature; Soil-dwelling organisms; Temperature offset; Weather stations; Climate change; Temperature; Ecosystem; Soil", "791", "550", ":Zoology and botany: 480 [VDP]", "VDP::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480", "551", "Q1", "7. 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Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480", "VDP::Zoology and botany: 480", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "CBCE", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7197", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://ray.yorksj.ac.uk/id/eprint/5803/1/20211222_SoilTemp_maps_preformatted.pdf"}, {"href": "http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/33794/1/Lembrechts-etal-GCB-2022.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/183991/1/Global%20Change%20Biology%20-%202022%20-%20Lembrechts%20-%20Global%20maps%20of%20soil%20temperature.pdf"}, {"href": "https://iris.cnr.it/bitstream/20.500.14243/445619/1/prod_462419-doc_189996.pdf"}, {"href": "https://openpub.fmach.it/bitstream/10449/74200/1/Global%20Change%20Biology%20-%202022%20-%20Lembrechts%20-%20Global%20maps%20of%20soil%20temperature.pdf"}, {"href": "https://iris.unica.it/bitstream/11584/332967/1/2022_Global_maps_soil_temperature_GlobalChangeBiology.pdf"}, {"href": "https://ricerca.univaq.it/bitstream/11697/178559/2/Global%20Change%20Biology%20-%202022%20-%20Lembrechts%20-%20Global%20maps%20of%20soil%20temperature.pdf"}, {"href": "https://vb.gamtc.lt/object/elaba:126634244/126634244.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.16060"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt6hg3313z/qt6hg3313z.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1893/33794"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1893/33794", "name": "item", "description": "1893/33794", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1893/33794"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20.500.14243/445619", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:24:33Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Global maps of soil temperature", "description": "Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e., offset) between in-situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8500 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10\u00b0C (mean = 3.0 \u00b1 2.1\u00b0C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 \u00b1 2.3\u00b0C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 \u00b1 2.3\u00b0C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in-situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.", "keywords": ["near-surface temperatures", "bioclimatic variables", "soil temperature", "temperature offset", "global maps", "soil-dwelling organisms", "weather stations", "microclimate"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.cnr.it/bitstream/20.500.14243/445619/1/prod_462419-doc_189996.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/20.500.14243/445619"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "20.500.14243/445619", "name": "item", "description": "20.500.14243/445619", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/20.500.14243/445619"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "23546339ad735a64e55426484b88fe14", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:24:45Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Global maps of soil temperature.", "description": "Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10\u00b0C (mean = 3.0 \u00b1 2.1\u00b0C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 \u00b1 2.3\u00b0C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 \u00b1 2.3\u00b0C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.", "keywords": ["Climate Change; Ecosystem; Microclimate; Soil; Temperature; bioclimatic variables; global maps; microclimate; near-surface temperatures; soil temperature; soil-dwelling organisms; temperature offset; weather stations"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lembrechts, J.J., van den Hoogen, J., Aalto, J., Ashcroft, M.B., De Frenne, P., Kemppinen, J., Kopeck\u00fd, M., Luoto, M., Maclean, IMD, Crowther, T.W., Bailey, J.J., Haesen, S., Klinges, D.H., Niittynen, P., Scheffers, B.R., Van Meerbeek, K., Aartsma, P., Abdalaze, O., Abedi, M., Aerts, R., Ahmadian, N., Ahrends, A., Alatalo, J.M., Alexander, J.M., Allonsius, C.N., Altman, J., Ammann, C., Andres, C., Andrews, C., Ard\u00f6, J., Arriga, N., Arzac, A., Aschero, V., Assis, R.L., Assmann, J.J., Bader, M.Y., Bahalkeh, K., Baran\u010dok, P., Barrio, I.C., Barros, A., Barthel, M., Basham, E.W., Bauters, M., Bazzichetto, M., Marchesini, L.B., Bell, M.C., Benavides, J.C., Benito Alonso, J.L., Berauer, B.J., Bjerke, J.W., Bj\u00f6rk, R.G., Bj\u00f6rkman, M.P., Bj\u00f6rnsd\u00f3ttir, K., Blonder, B., Boeckx, P., Boike, J., Bokhorst, S., Brum, BNS, Br\u016fna, J., Buchmann, N., Buysse, P., Camargo, J.L., Campoe, O.C., Candan, O., Canessa, R., Cannone, N., Carbognani, M., Carnicer, J., Casanova-Katny, A., Cesarz, S., Chojnicki, B., Choler, P., Chown, S.L., Cifuentes, E.F., \u010ciliak, M., Contador, T., Convey, P., Cooper, E.J., Cremonese, E., Curasi, S.R., Curtis, R., Cutini, M., Dahlberg, C.J., Daskalova, G.N., de Pablo, M.A., Della Chiesa, S., Dengler, J., Deronde, B., Descombes, P., Di Cecco, V., Di Musciano, M., Dick, J., Dimarco, R.D., Dolezal, J., Dorrepaal, E., Du\u0161ek, J., Eisenhauer, N., Eklundh, L., Erickson, T.E., Erschbamer, B., Eugster, W., Ewers, R.M., Exton, D.A., Fanin, N., Fazlioglu, F., Feigenwinter, I., Fenu, G., Ferlian, O., Fern\u00e1ndez Calzado, M.R., Fern\u00e1ndez-Pascual, E., Finckh, M., Higgens, R.F., Forte, TGW, Freeman, E.C., Frei, E.R., Fuentes-Lillo, E., Garc\u00eda, R.A., Garc\u00eda, M.B., G\u00e9ron, C., Gharun, M., Ghosn, D., Gigauri, K., Gobin, A., Goded, I., Goeckede, M., Gottschall, F., Goulding, K., Govaert, S., Graae, B.J., Greenwood, S., Greiser, C., Grelle, A., Gu\u00e9nard, B., Guglielmin, M., Guillemot, J., Haase, P., Haider, S., Halbritter, A.H., Hamid, M., Hammerle, A., Hampe, A., Haugum, S.V., Hederov\u00e1, L., Heinesch, B., Helfter, C., Hepenstrick, D., Herberich, M., Herbst, M., Hermanutz, L., Hik, D.S., Hoffr\u00e9n, R., Homeier, J., H\u00f6rtnagl, L., H\u00f8ye, T.T., Hrbacek, F., Hylander, K., Iwata, H., Jackowicz-Korczynski, M.A., Jactel, H., J\u00e4rveoja, J., Jastrz\u0119bowski, S., Jentsch, A., Jim\u00e9nez, J.J., J\u00f3nsd\u00f3ttir, I.S., Jucker, T., Jump, A.S., Juszczak, R., Kanka, R., Ka\u0161par, V., Kazakis, G., Kelly, J., Khuroo, A.A., Klemedtsson, L., Klisz, M., Kljun, N., Knohl, A., Kobler, J., Koll\u00e1r, J., Kotowska, M.M., Kov\u00e1cs, B., Kreyling, J., Lamprecht, A., Lang, S.I., Larson, C., Larson, K., Laska, K., le Maire, G., Leihy, R.I., Lens, L., Liljebladh, B., Lohila, A., Lorite, J., Loubet, B., Lynn, J., Macek, M., Mackenzie, R., Magliulo, E., Maier, R., Malfasi, F., M\u00e1li\u0161, F.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/23546339ad735a64e55426484b88fe14"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "23546339ad735a64e55426484b88fe14", "name": "item", "description": "23546339ad735a64e55426484b88fe14", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/23546339ad735a64e55426484b88fe14"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2c47b34b-dad7-4cc0-baeb-320072589108", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[11.07, 47.83], [11.07, 47.83], [11.07, 47.83], [11.07, 47.83], [11.07, 47.83]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "environmental factors"}, {"id": "water"}, {"id": "Soil analysis"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "soil amendments"}, {"id": "Soil biology"}, {"id": "Temperature profile"}, {"id": "moisture content"}, {"id": "Temperature"}, {"id": "Soil temperature"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "soil profile"}, {"id": "soil moisture"}, {"id": "temperature"}], "scheme": "GEMET - Concepts, version 2.4"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "farming systems"}, {"id": "Grassland management"}, {"id": "Grassland soils"}, {"id": "grasslands"}, {"id": "permanent grasslands"}, {"id": "agriculture"}, {"id": "agricultural practices"}, {"id": "Climatic change"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}], "scheme": "Individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. (e.g. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non-scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \u201cData re-used from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of BonaRes Module A-Project - SUSALPS's research activities.\u201d Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, BonaRes Module A-Project- SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner/author.)", "updated": "2020-02-14", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2018-12-05", "language": "eng", "title": "SUSALPS temperature and volumetric soil water content Esterberg Subplot 1 in Fendt extensiv", "description": "Grassland is a precious good. Grassland contributes to food security by providing fodder for dairy and beef farming, storing nutrients and increasing biodiversity. These functions that secure the fertility and yields of soil are jeopardized by climate change, especially in monane and alpine areas.\nIn SUSALPS, scientists, authorities and farmers work together to investigate the influence of climate change on i) plant biodiversity, ii) C and N storage, iii) greenhouse gas exchange, iv) socio economic conditions that influence decision making of farmers.\nA central experimental aspect is the translocation of soil mesocosms from higher elevation to lower elevation (Esterberg site at 1200m, Graswang site at 860m, Fendt at 600m, Bayreuth at 300m). To reflect the spatial heterogeneity of soils, mesocosms from three different subplots approx. 100-300m apart from each other are translocated. Since temperatures are higher and precipitation is lower in lower elevation, the translocated mesocosms experience climate change.\nThis dataset contains daily average soil temperature and volumetric soil water content in 5 and 15 cm depth.\nTreatment: Esterberg Subplot 1 in Fendt extensiv\nDevice: Decagon 5TM\nTimescale: Daily average\nDepths: 5 and 15 cm", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["environmental factors", "water", "Soil analysis", "Soil", "soil amendments", "Soil biology", "Temperature profile", "moisture content", "Temperature", "Soil temperature", "soil profile", "soil moisture", "temperature", "farming systems", "Grassland management", "Grassland soils", "grasslands", "permanent grasslands", "agriculture", "agricultural practices", "Climatic change", "Boden", "opendata"], "contacts": [{"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": "Garmisch-Partenkirchen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "82467", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=2c47b34b-dad7-4cc0-baeb-320072589108", "rel": "download"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/217290dd-a23f-4734-96d5-71b878a2fca8", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2c47b34b-dad7-4cc0-baeb-320072589108", "name": "item", "description": "2c47b34b-dad7-4cc0-baeb-320072589108", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2c47b34b-dad7-4cc0-baeb-320072589108"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2016-08-11T00:00:00Z", "2018-10-09T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "3a9a7ee6-e9fd-4dfd-9c33-08c2ef2d23b7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[11.03, 47.57], [11.03, 47.57], [11.03, 47.57], [11.03, 47.57], [11.03, 47.57]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "environmental factors"}, {"id": "water"}, {"id": "Soil analysis"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "soil amendments"}, {"id": "Soil biology"}, {"id": "Temperature profile"}, {"id": "moisture content"}, {"id": "Temperature"}, {"id": "Soil temperature"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "soil profile"}, {"id": "soil moisture"}, {"id": "temperature"}], "scheme": "GEMET - Concepts, version 2.4"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "farming systems"}, {"id": "Grassland management"}, {"id": "Grassland soils"}, {"id": "grasslands"}, {"id": "permanent grasslands"}, {"id": "agriculture"}, {"id": "agricultural practices"}, {"id": "Climatic change"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}], "scheme": "Individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. (e.g. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non-scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \u201cData re-used from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of BonaRes Module A-Project - SUSALPS's research activities.\u201d Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, BonaRes Module A-Project- SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner/author.)", "updated": "2020-02-14", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2018-12-05", "language": "eng", "title": "SUSALPS temperature and volumetric soil water content Graswang Subplot 1 in Graswang intensiv", "description": "Grassland is a precious good. Grassland contributes to food security by providing fodder for dairy and beef farming, storing nutrients and increasing biodiversity. These functions that secure the fertility and yields of soil are jeopardized by climate change, especially in monane and alpine areas.\nIn SUSALPS, scientists, authorities and farmers work together to investigate the influence of climate change on i) plant biodiversity, ii) C and N storage, iii) greenhouse gas exchange, iv) socio economic conditions that influence decision making of farmers.\nA central experimental aspect is the translocation of soil mesocosms from higher elevation to lower elevation (Esterberg site at 1200m, Graswang site at 860m, Fendt at 600m, Bayreuth at 300m). To reflect the spatial heterogeneity of soils, mesocosms from three different subplots approx. 100-300m apart from each other are translocated. 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These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km\u00b2 resolution for 0\u20135 and 5\u201315 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e., offset) between in-situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km\u00b2 pixels (summarized from 8500 unique temperature sensors) across all the world\u2019s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10\u00b0C (mean = 3.0 \u00b1 2.1\u00b0C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. 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These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0\u20135 and 5\u201315 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10\u00b0C (mean = 3.0 \u00b1 2.1\u00b0C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. 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Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.", "keywords": ["near-surface temperatures", "bioclimatic variables", "soil temperature", "13. Climate action", "temperature offset", "global maps", "soil-dwelling organisms", "15. Life on land", "weather stations", "microclimate"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lembrechts, J. J., Hoogen, J. van den, Aalto, J., Ashcroft, M. B., Frenne, P. de, Kemppinen, J., Kopecky, M., Luoto, M., Maclean, I. M. D., Mu\u00f1oz Rojas, Miriam,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/50|od______3272::ba0a390ff7222134dc20acc64f02e995"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "50|od______3272::ba0a390ff7222134dc20acc64f02e995", "name": "item", "description": "50|od______3272::ba0a390ff7222134dc20acc64f02e995", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/50|od______3272::ba0a390ff7222134dc20acc64f02e995"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "50|od_______325::2ec7e67709250f86d148c85d898647d7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:25:49Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Global maps of soil temperature", "description": "Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2&nbsp;m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 and 5-15&nbsp;cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10\u00b0C (mean&nbsp;=&nbsp;3.0&nbsp;\u00b1&nbsp;2.1\u00b0C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6&nbsp;\u00b1&nbsp;2.3\u00b0C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7&nbsp;\u00b1&nbsp;2.3\u00b0C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.", "keywords": ["soil temperature", "Ecology", "Climate Change", "Temperature", "soil-dwelling organisms", "Microclimate", "Biological Sciences", "weather stations", "Climate Action", "Soil", "near-surface temperatures", "bioclimatic variables", "temperature offset", "global maps", "Ecosystem", "microclimate", "Environmental Sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lembrechts, Jonas J, Hoogen, Johan, Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B, De Frenne, Pieter, Kemppinen, Julia, Kopeck\u00fd, Martin, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya MD, Crowther, Thomas W, Bailey, Joseph J, Haesen, Stef, Klinges, David H, Niittynen, Pekka, Scheffers, Brett R, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Aartsma, Peter, Abdalaze, Otar, Abedi, Mehdi, Aerts, Rien, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahrends, Antje, Alatalo, Juha M, Alexander, Jake M, Allonsius, Camille Nina, Altman, Jan, Ammann, Christof, Andres, Christian, Andrews, Christopher, Ard\u00f6, Jonas, Arriga, Nicola, Arzac, Alberto, Aschero, Valeria, Assis, Rafael L, Assmann, Jakob Johann, Bader, Maaike Y, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Baran\u010dok, Peter, Barrio, Isabel C, Barros, Agustina, Barthel, Matti, Basham, Edmund W, Bauters, Marijn, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Marchesini, Luca Belelli, Bell, Michael C, Benavides, Juan C, Alonso, Jos\u00e9 Luis Benito, Berauer, Bernd J, Bjerke, Jarle W, Bj\u00f6rk, Robert G, Bj\u00f6rkman, Mats P, Bj\u00f6rnsd\u00f3ttir, Katrin, Blonder, Benjamin, Boeckx, Pascal, Boike, Julia, Bokhorst, Stef, Brum, B\u00e1rbara NS, Br\u016fna, Josef, Buchmann, Nina, Buysse, Pauline, Camargo, Jos\u00e9 Lu\u00eds, Campoe, Ot\u00e1vio C, Candan, Onur, Canessa, Rafaella, Cannone, Nicoletta, Carbognani, Michele, Carnicer, Jofre, Casanova\u2010Katny, Ang\u00e9lica, Cesarz, Simone, Chojnicki, Bogdan, Choler, Philippe, Chown, Steven L, Cifuentes, Edgar F, \u010ciliak, Marek, Contador, Tamara, Convey, Peter, Cooper, Elisabeth J, Cremonese, Edoardo, Curasi, Salvatore R, Curtis, Robin, Cutini, Maurizio, Dahlberg, C Johan, Daskalova, Gergana N, de Pablo, Miguel Angel, Della Chiesa, Stefano, Dengler, J\u00fcrgen, Deronde, Bart, Descombes, Patrice, Di Cecco, Valter, Di Musciano, Michele, Dick, Jan, Dimarco, Romina D, Dolezal, Jiri, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Du\u0161ek, Ji\u0159\u00ed, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eklundh, Lars, Erickson, Todd E, Erschbamer, Brigitta,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/50|od_______325::2ec7e67709250f86d148c85d898647d7"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "50|od_______325::2ec7e67709250f86d148c85d898647d7", "name": "item", "description": "50|od_______325::2ec7e67709250f86d148c85d898647d7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/50|od_______325::2ec7e67709250f86d148c85d898647d7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "50|od_______330::f4436e280ea4dbf5c31d9cc8ac41463b", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:25:49Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Global maps of soil temperature", "description": "Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. 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Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 +/- 2.3 degrees C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 +/- 2.3 degrees C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. 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(e.g. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non-scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \u201cData re-used from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of BonaRes Module A-Project - SUSALPS's research activities.\u201d Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, BonaRes Module A-Project- SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner/author.)", "updated": "2020-02-14", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2018-12-05", "language": "eng", "title": "SUSALPS temperature and volumetric soil water content Esterberg Subplot 2 in Fendt extensiv", "description": "Grassland is a precious good. Grassland contributes to food security by providing fodder for dairy and beef farming, storing nutrients and increasing biodiversity. These functions that secure the fertility and yields of soil are jeopardized by climate change, especially in monane and alpine areas.\nIn SUSALPS, scientists, authorities and farmers work together to investigate the influence of climate change on i) plant biodiversity, ii) C and N storage, iii) greenhouse gas exchange, iv) socio economic conditions that influence decision making of farmers.\nA central experimental aspect is the translocation of soil mesocosms from higher elevation to lower elevation (Esterberg site at 1200m, Graswang site at 860m, Fendt at 600m, Bayreuth at 300m). To reflect the spatial heterogeneity of soils, mesocosms from three different subplots approx. 100-300m apart from each other are translocated. Since temperatures are higher and precipitation is lower in lower elevation, the translocated mesocosms experience climate change.\nThis dataset contains daily average soil temperature and volumetric soil water content in 5 and 15 cm depth.\nTreatment: Esterberg Subplot 2 in Fendt extensiv\nDevice: Decagon 5TM\nTimescale: Daily average\nDepths: 5 and 15 cm", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["environmental factors", "water", "Soil analysis", "Soil", "soil amendments", "Soil biology", "Temperature profile", "moisture content", "Temperature", "Soil temperature", "soil profile", "soil moisture", "temperature", "farming systems", "Grassland management", "Grassland soils", "grasslands", "permanent grasslands", "agriculture", "agricultural practices", "Climatic change", "Boden", "opendata"], "contacts": [{"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": "Garmisch-Partenkirchen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "82467", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=54eadc0c-c7d2-42fe-8cda-16daa97be878", "rel": "download"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/217290dd-a23f-4734-96d5-71b878a2fca8", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "54eadc0c-c7d2-42fe-8cda-16daa97be878", "name": "item", "description": "54eadc0c-c7d2-42fe-8cda-16daa97be878", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/54eadc0c-c7d2-42fe-8cda-16daa97be878"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2016-08-11T00:00:00Z", "2018-10-09T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "5b6f8dba-3dac-4412-b492-5ff4151fb206", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[11.03, 47.57], [11.03, 47.57], [11.03, 47.57], [11.03, 47.57], [11.03, 47.57]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "environmental factors"}, {"id": "water"}, {"id": "Soil analysis"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "soil amendments"}, {"id": "Soil biology"}, {"id": "Temperature profile"}, {"id": "moisture content"}, {"id": "Temperature"}, {"id": "Soil temperature"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "soil profile"}, {"id": "soil moisture"}, {"id": "temperature"}], "scheme": "GEMET - Concepts, version 2.4"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "farming systems"}, {"id": "Grassland management"}, {"id": "Grassland soils"}, {"id": "grasslands"}, {"id": "permanent grasslands"}, {"id": "agriculture"}, {"id": "agricultural practices"}, {"id": "Climatic change"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}], "scheme": "Individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. (e.g. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non-scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \u201cData re-used from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of BonaRes Module A-Project - SUSALPS's research activities.\u201d Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, BonaRes Module A-Project- SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner/author.)", "updated": "2020-02-14", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2018-12-05", "language": "eng", "title": "SUSALPS temperature and volumetric soil water content Esterberg Subplot 3 in Graswang intensiv", "description": "Grassland is a precious good. Grassland contributes to food security by providing fodder for dairy and beef farming, storing nutrients and increasing biodiversity. These functions that secure the fertility and yields of soil are jeopardized by climate change, especially in monane and alpine areas.\nIn SUSALPS, scientists, authorities and farmers work together to investigate the influence of climate change on i) plant biodiversity, ii) C and N storage, iii) greenhouse gas exchange, iv) socio economic conditions that influence decision making of farmers.\nA central experimental aspect is the translocation of soil mesocosms from higher elevation to lower elevation (Esterberg site at 1200m, Graswang site at 860m, Fendt at 600m, Bayreuth at 300m). To reflect the spatial heterogeneity of soils, mesocosms from three different subplots approx. 100-300m apart from each other are translocated. Since temperatures are higher and precipitation is lower in lower elevation, the translocated mesocosms experience climate change.\nThis dataset contains daily average soil temperature and volumetric soil water content in 5 and 15 cm depth.\nTreatment: Esterberg Subplot 3 in Graswang intensiv\nDevice: Decagon 5TM\nTimescale: Daily average\nDepths: 5 and 15 cm", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["environmental factors", "water", "Soil analysis", "Soil", "soil amendments", "Soil biology", "Temperature profile", "moisture content", "Temperature", "Soil temperature", "soil profile", "soil moisture", "temperature", "farming systems", "Grassland management", "Grassland soils", "grasslands", "permanent grasslands", "agriculture", "agricultural practices", "Climatic change", "Boden", "opendata"], "contacts": [{"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": "Garmisch-Partenkirchen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "82467", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=5b6f8dba-3dac-4412-b492-5ff4151fb206", "rel": "download"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/217290dd-a23f-4734-96d5-71b878a2fca8", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "5b6f8dba-3dac-4412-b492-5ff4151fb206", "name": "item", "description": "5b6f8dba-3dac-4412-b492-5ff4151fb206", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/5b6f8dba-3dac-4412-b492-5ff4151fb206"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2016-08-11T00:00:00Z", "2018-10-09T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "6c162e8d-415f-4012-baec-f5e4dfcdc1f7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[11.03, 47.57], [11.03, 47.57], [11.03, 47.57], [11.03, 47.57], [11.03, 47.57]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "environmental factors"}, {"id": "water"}, {"id": "Soil analysis"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "soil amendments"}, {"id": "Soil biology"}, {"id": "Temperature profile"}, {"id": "moisture content"}, {"id": "Temperature"}, {"id": "Soil temperature"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "soil profile"}, {"id": "soil moisture"}, {"id": "temperature"}], "scheme": "GEMET - Concepts, version 2.4"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "farming systems"}, {"id": "Grassland management"}, {"id": "Grassland soils"}, {"id": "grasslands"}, {"id": "permanent grasslands"}, {"id": "agriculture"}, {"id": "agricultural practices"}, {"id": "Climatic change"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}], "scheme": "Individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. (e.g. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non-scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \u201cData re-used from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of BonaRes Module A-Project - SUSALPS's research activities.\u201d Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, BonaRes Module A-Project- SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. 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These functions that secure the fertility and yields of soil are jeopardized by climate change, especially in monane and alpine areas.\nIn SUSALPS, scientists, authorities and farmers work together to investigate the influence of climate change on i) plant biodiversity, ii) C and N storage, iii) greenhouse gas exchange, iv) socio economic conditions that influence decision making of farmers.\nA central experimental aspect is the translocation of soil mesocosms from higher elevation to lower elevation (Esterberg site at 1200m, Graswang site at 860m, Fendt at 600m, Bayreuth at 300m). To reflect the spatial heterogeneity of soils, mesocosms from three different subplots approx. 100-300m apart from each other are translocated. Since temperatures are higher and precipitation is lower in lower elevation, the translocated mesocosms experience climate change.\nThis dataset contains daily average soil temperature and volumetric soil water content in 5 and 15 cm depth.\nTreatment: Graswang Subplot 3 in Graswang intensiv\nDevice: Decagon 5TM\nTimescale: Daily average\nDepths: 5 and 15 cm", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["environmental factors", "water", "Soil analysis", "Soil", "soil amendments", "Soil biology", "Temperature profile", "moisture content", "Temperature", "Soil temperature", "soil profile", "soil moisture", "temperature", "farming systems", "Grassland management", "Grassland soils", "grasslands", "permanent grasslands", "agriculture", "agricultural practices", "Climatic change", "Boden", "opendata"], "contacts": [{"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": "Garmisch-Partenkirchen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "82467", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=6c162e8d-415f-4012-baec-f5e4dfcdc1f7", "rel": "download"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/217290dd-a23f-4734-96d5-71b878a2fca8", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "6c162e8d-415f-4012-baec-f5e4dfcdc1f7", "name": "item", "description": "6c162e8d-415f-4012-baec-f5e4dfcdc1f7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/6c162e8d-415f-4012-baec-f5e4dfcdc1f7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2016-08-11T00:00:00Z", "2018-10-09T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "6e4090ee-5703-4a13-a8fd-480299cd9c29", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[11.03, 47.57], [11.03, 47.57], [11.03, 47.57], [11.03, 47.57], [11.03, 47.57]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "environmental factors"}, {"id": "water"}, {"id": "Soil analysis"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "soil amendments"}, {"id": "Soil biology"}, {"id": "Temperature profile"}, {"id": "moisture content"}, {"id": "Temperature"}, {"id": "Soil temperature"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "soil profile"}, {"id": "soil moisture"}, {"id": "temperature"}], "scheme": "GEMET - Concepts, version 2.4"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "farming systems"}, {"id": "Grassland management"}, {"id": "Grassland soils"}, {"id": "grasslands"}, {"id": "permanent grasslands"}, {"id": "agriculture"}, {"id": "agricultural practices"}, {"id": "Climatic change"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}], "scheme": "Individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. (e.g. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non-scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \u201cData re-used from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of BonaRes Module A-Project - SUSALPS's research activities.\u201d Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, BonaRes Module A-Project- SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. 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Since temperatures are higher and precipitation is lower in lower elevation, the translocated mesocosms experience climate change.\nThis dataset contains daily average soil temperature and volumetric soil water content in 5 and 15 cm depth.\nTreatment: Esterberg Subplot 3 in Graswang extensiv\nDevice: Decagon 5TM\nTimescale: Daily average\nDepths: 5 and 15 cm", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["environmental factors", "water", "Soil analysis", "Soil", "soil amendments", "Soil biology", "Temperature profile", "moisture content", "Temperature", "Soil temperature", "soil profile", "soil moisture", "temperature", "farming systems", "Grassland management", "Grassland soils", "grasslands", "permanent grasslands", "agriculture", "agricultural practices", "Climatic change", "Boden", "opendata"], "contacts": [{"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": "Garmisch-Partenkirchen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "82467", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=6e4090ee-5703-4a13-a8fd-480299cd9c29", "rel": "download"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/217290dd-a23f-4734-96d5-71b878a2fca8", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "6e4090ee-5703-4a13-a8fd-480299cd9c29", "name": "item", "description": "6e4090ee-5703-4a13-a8fd-480299cd9c29", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/6e4090ee-5703-4a13-a8fd-480299cd9c29"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2016-08-11T00:00:00Z", "2018-10-09T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "71b4652d-c027-4e38-a331-b8c5ceca7356", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[11.03, 47.57], [11.03, 47.57], [11.03, 47.57], [11.03, 47.57], [11.03, 47.57]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "environmental factors"}, {"id": "water"}, {"id": "Soil analysis"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "soil amendments"}, {"id": "Soil biology"}, {"id": "Temperature profile"}, {"id": "moisture content"}, {"id": "Temperature"}, {"id": "Soil temperature"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "soil profile"}, {"id": "soil moisture"}, {"id": "temperature"}], "scheme": "GEMET - Concepts, version 2.4"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "farming systems"}, {"id": "Grassland management"}, {"id": "Grassland soils"}, {"id": "grasslands"}, {"id": "permanent grasslands"}, {"id": "agriculture"}, {"id": "agricultural practices"}, {"id": "Climatic change"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}], "scheme": "Individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. (e.g. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non-scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \u201cData re-used from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of BonaRes Module A-Project - SUSALPS's research activities.\u201d Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, BonaRes Module A-Project- SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner/author.)", "updated": "2020-02-14", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2018-12-05", "language": "eng", "title": "SUSALPS temperature and volumetric soil water content Graswang Subplot 2 in Graswang intensiv", "description": "Grassland is a precious good. Grassland contributes to food security by providing fodder for dairy and beef farming, storing nutrients and increasing biodiversity. These functions that secure the fertility and yields of soil are jeopardized by climate change, especially in monane and alpine areas.\nIn SUSALPS, scientists, authorities and farmers work together to investigate the influence of climate change on i) plant biodiversity, ii) C and N storage, iii) greenhouse gas exchange, iv) socio economic conditions that influence decision making of farmers.\nA central experimental aspect is the translocation of soil mesocosms from higher elevation to lower elevation (Esterberg site at 1200m, Graswang site at 860m, Fendt at 600m, Bayreuth at 300m). To reflect the spatial heterogeneity of soils, mesocosms from three different subplots approx. 100-300m apart from each other are translocated. Since temperatures are higher and precipitation is lower in lower elevation, the translocated mesocosms experience climate change.\nThis dataset contains daily average soil temperature and volumetric soil water content in 5 and 15 cm depth.\nTreatment: Graswang Subplot 2 in Graswang intensiv\nDevice: Decagon 5TM\nTimescale: Daily average\nDepths: 5 and 15 cm", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["environmental factors", "water", "Soil analysis", "Soil", "soil amendments", "Soil biology", "Temperature profile", "moisture content", "Temperature", "Soil temperature", "soil profile", "soil moisture", "temperature", "farming systems", "Grassland management", "Grassland soils", "grasslands", "permanent grasslands", "agriculture", "agricultural practices", "Climatic change", "Boden", "opendata"], "contacts": [{"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": "Garmisch-Partenkirchen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "82467", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=71b4652d-c027-4e38-a331-b8c5ceca7356", "rel": "download"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/217290dd-a23f-4734-96d5-71b878a2fca8", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "71b4652d-c027-4e38-a331-b8c5ceca7356", "name": "item", "description": "71b4652d-c027-4e38-a331-b8c5ceca7356", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/71b4652d-c027-4e38-a331-b8c5ceca7356"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2016-08-11T00:00:00Z", "2018-10-09T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "72bc5b10-a6a7-4747-89af-e8fb5b45f257", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[11.03, 47.57], [11.03, 47.57], [11.03, 47.57], [11.03, 47.57], [11.03, 47.57]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "environmental factors"}, {"id": "water"}, {"id": "Soil analysis"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "soil amendments"}, {"id": "Soil biology"}, {"id": "Temperature profile"}, {"id": "moisture content"}, {"id": "Temperature"}, {"id": "Soil temperature"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "soil profile"}, {"id": "soil moisture"}, {"id": "temperature"}], "scheme": "GEMET - Concepts, version 2.4"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "farming systems"}, {"id": "Grassland management"}, {"id": "Grassland soils"}, {"id": "grasslands"}, {"id": "permanent grasslands"}, {"id": "agriculture"}, {"id": "agricultural practices"}, {"id": "Climatic change"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}], "scheme": "Individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. (e.g. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non-scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \u201cData re-used from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of BonaRes Module A-Project - SUSALPS's research activities.\u201d Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, BonaRes Module A-Project- SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner/author.)", "updated": "2020-02-14", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2018-12-05", "language": "eng", "title": "SUSALPS temperature and volumetric soil water content Graswang Subplot 1 in Graswang extensiv", "description": "Grassland is a precious good. Grassland contributes to food security by providing fodder for dairy and beef farming, storing nutrients and increasing biodiversity. These functions that secure the fertility and yields of soil are jeopardized by climate change, especially in monane and alpine areas.\nIn SUSALPS, scientists, authorities and farmers work together to investigate the influence of climate change on i) plant biodiversity, ii) C and N storage, iii) greenhouse gas exchange, iv) socio economic conditions that influence decision making of farmers.\nA central experimental aspect is the translocation of soil mesocosms from higher elevation to lower elevation (Esterberg site at 1200m, Graswang site at 860m, Fendt at 600m, Bayreuth at 300m). To reflect the spatial heterogeneity of soils, mesocosms from three different subplots approx. 100-300m apart from each other are translocated. Since temperatures are higher and precipitation is lower in lower elevation, the translocated mesocosms experience climate change.\nThis dataset contains daily average soil temperature and volumetric soil water content in 5 and 15 cm depth.\nTreatment: Graswang Subplot 1 in Graswang extensiv\nDevice: Decagon 5TM\nTimescale: Daily average\nDepths: 5 and 15 cm", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["environmental factors", "water", "Soil analysis", "Soil", "soil amendments", "Soil biology", "Temperature profile", "moisture content", "Temperature", "Soil temperature", "soil profile", "soil moisture", "temperature", "farming systems", "Grassland management", "Grassland soils", "grasslands", "permanent grasslands", "agriculture", "agricultural practices", "Climatic change", "Boden", "opendata"], "contacts": [{"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": "Garmisch-Partenkirchen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "82467", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=72bc5b10-a6a7-4747-89af-e8fb5b45f257", "rel": null}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/217290dd-a23f-4734-96d5-71b878a2fca8", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "72bc5b10-a6a7-4747-89af-e8fb5b45f257", "name": "item", "description": "72bc5b10-a6a7-4747-89af-e8fb5b45f257", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/72bc5b10-a6a7-4747-89af-e8fb5b45f257"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2016-08-11T00:00:00Z", "2018-10-09T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "7474507b-9697-45a8-8cdc-3e3aa65d8e2a", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[11.07, 47.83], [11.07, 47.83], [11.07, 47.83], [11.07, 47.83], [11.07, 47.83]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "environmental factors"}, {"id": "water"}, {"id": "Soil analysis"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "soil amendments"}, {"id": "Soil biology"}, {"id": "Temperature profile"}, {"id": "moisture content"}, {"id": "Temperature"}, {"id": "Soil temperature"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "soil profile"}, {"id": "soil moisture"}, {"id": "temperature"}], "scheme": "GEMET - Concepts, version 2.4"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "farming systems"}, {"id": "Grassland management"}, {"id": "Grassland soils"}, {"id": "grasslands"}, {"id": "permanent grasslands"}, {"id": "agriculture"}, {"id": "agricultural practices"}, {"id": "Climatic change"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}], "scheme": "Individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. (e.g. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non-scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \u201cData re-used from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of BonaRes Module A-Project - SUSALPS's research activities.\u201d Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, BonaRes Module A-Project- SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner/author.)", "updated": "2020-02-14", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2018-12-05", "language": "eng", "title": "SUSALPS temperature and volumetric soil water content Graswang Subplot 2 in Fendt intensiv", "description": "Grassland is a precious good. Grassland contributes to food security by providing fodder for dairy and beef farming, storing nutrients and increasing biodiversity. These functions that secure the fertility and yields of soil are jeopardized by climate change, especially in monane and alpine areas.\nIn SUSALPS, scientists, authorities and farmers work together to investigate the influence of climate change on i) plant biodiversity, ii) C and N storage, iii) greenhouse gas exchange, iv) socio economic conditions that influence decision making of farmers.\nA central experimental aspect is the translocation of soil mesocosms from higher elevation to lower elevation (Esterberg site at 1200m, Graswang site at 860m, Fendt at 600m, Bayreuth at 300m). To reflect the spatial heterogeneity of soils, mesocosms from three different subplots approx. 100-300m apart from each other are translocated. Since temperatures are higher and precipitation is lower in lower elevation, the translocated mesocosms experience climate change.\nThis dataset contains daily average soil temperature and volumetric soil water content in 5 and 15 cm depth.\nTreatment: Graswang Subplot 2 in Fendt intensiv\nDevice: Decagon 5TM\nTimescale: Daily average\nDepths: 5 and 15 cm", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["environmental factors", "water", "Soil analysis", "Soil", "soil amendments", "Soil biology", "Temperature profile", "moisture content", "Temperature", "Soil temperature", "soil profile", "soil moisture", "temperature", "farming systems", "Grassland management", "Grassland soils", "grasslands", "permanent grasslands", "agriculture", "agricultural practices", "Climatic change", "Boden", "opendata"], "contacts": [{"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": "Garmisch-Partenkirchen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "82467", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=7474507b-9697-45a8-8cdc-3e3aa65d8e2a", "rel": "download"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/217290dd-a23f-4734-96d5-71b878a2fca8", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "7474507b-9697-45a8-8cdc-3e3aa65d8e2a", "name": "item", "description": "7474507b-9697-45a8-8cdc-3e3aa65d8e2a", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/7474507b-9697-45a8-8cdc-3e3aa65d8e2a"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2016-08-11T00:00:00Z", "2018-10-09T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "78a99738-11e7-4f95-932c-77516d758967", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[11.16, 47.52], [11.16, 47.52], [11.16, 47.52], [11.16, 47.52], [11.16, 47.52]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "environmental factors"}, {"id": "water"}, {"id": "Soil analysis"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "soil amendments"}, {"id": "Soil biology"}, {"id": "Temperature profile"}, {"id": "moisture content"}, {"id": "Temperature"}, {"id": "Soil temperature"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "soil profile"}, {"id": "soil moisture"}, {"id": "temperature"}], "scheme": "GEMET - Concepts, version 2.4"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "farming systems"}, {"id": "Grassland management"}, {"id": "Grassland soils"}, {"id": "grasslands"}, {"id": "permanent grasslands"}, {"id": "agriculture"}, {"id": "agricultural practices"}, {"id": "Climatic change"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}], "scheme": "Individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. (e.g. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non-scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \u201cData re-used from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of BonaRes Module A-Project - SUSALPS's research activities.\u201d Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, BonaRes Module A-Project- SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner/author.)", "updated": "2020-02-14", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2018-12-05", "language": "eng", "title": "SUSALPS temperature and volumetric soil water content Esterberg Subplot 2 in Esterberg intensiv", "description": "Grassland is a precious good. Grassland contributes to food security by providing fodder for dairy and beef farming, storing nutrients and increasing biodiversity. These functions that secure the fertility and yields of soil are jeopardized by climate change, especially in monane and alpine areas.\nIn SUSALPS, scientists, authorities and farmers work together to investigate the influence of climate change on i) plant biodiversity, ii) C and N storage, iii) greenhouse gas exchange, iv) socio economic conditions that influence decision making of farmers.\nA central experimental aspect is the translocation of soil mesocosms from higher elevation to lower elevation (Esterberg site at 1200m, Graswang site at 860m, Fendt at 600m, Bayreuth at 300m). To reflect the spatial heterogeneity of soils, mesocosms from three different subplots approx. 100-300m apart from each other are translocated. 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(e.g. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non-scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \u201cData re-used from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of BonaRes Module A-Project - SUSALPS's research activities.\u201d Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, BonaRes Module A-Project- SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. 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