1 Five treeline species had low seed germination rates and low survivorship and growth of seedlings when transplanted into Alaskan tundra. Seed germination of all species increased with experimental warming, suggesting that the present treeline may in part result from unsuccessful recruitment under cold conditions.
2 Growth, biomass and survivorship of seedlings of treeline species transplanted into tundra were largely unaffected by experimental warming. However, transplanted seedlings of three species (Betula papyrifera, Picea glauca and Populus tremuloides) grew more when below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground competition with the extant community was reduced. All three measures of transplant performance were greater in shrub tundra than in the less productive tussock or heath tundra. Establishment of trees in tundra may thus be prevented by low resource availability and competition.
3 Two species (Alnus crispa and Populus balsamifera) had low seed germination and survivorship of germinated seeds; transplants of these species did not respond to the manipulations and lost biomass following transplanting into tundra. Isolated populations of these two species north of the present treeline in arctic Alaska probably became established during mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90Holocene warming rather than in recent times.
4 Of all the species studied here, Picea glauca was the most likely to invade intact upland tundra. Its seeds had the highest germination rates and it was the only species whose seedlings survived subsequently. Furthermore, transplanted seedlings of Picea glauca had relatively high survivorship and positive growth in tundra, especially in treatments that increased air temperature or nutrient availability, two factors likely to increase with climate warming.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "nutrient-availability", "air-temperature", "tundra", "-Alaska", "Betulaceae-: Dicotyledones-", "Arctic-tundra", "Coniferopsida-: Gymnospermae-", "natural-regeneration", "Environmental-Sciences)", "growth-", "01 natural sciences", "seedlings-", "Picea-glauca", "Betula-papyrifera", "tundra-", "soil-fertility", "Salicaceae-: Dicotyledones-", "Spermatophyta-", "treelines-", "Plantae-", "USA", "tree-establishment", "resource-availability", "Climatology- (Environmental-Sciences)", "Populus-balsamifera (Salicaceae-): seedling-", "Angiosperms-", "transplanting-", "Angiospermae-", "15. Life on land", "Plant-ecology:-communities", "Populus-balsamifera", "Betula-papyrifera (Betulaceae-): seedling-", "Populus-tremuloides", "climate-", "interspecific-competition", "germination", "Populus-tremuloides (Salicaceae-): seedling-", "Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-", "Picea-glauca (Coniferopsida-): seedling-", "Dicots-", "seed-germination", "Alnus-crispa", "plant-competition", "Alnus-crispa (Betulaceae-): seedling-", "survival-", "establishment-"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00278.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00278.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00278.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00278.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2307/2656979", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:18:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-21", "title": "Genotypic Variation For Condensed Tannin Production In Trembling Aspen (Populs Tremuloides, Salicaceae) Under Elevated Co2 And In High- And Low-Fertility Soil", "description": "The carbon/nutrient balance hypothesis suggests that leaf carbon to nitrogen ratios influence the synthesis of secondary compounds such as condensed tannins. We studied the effects of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide on carbon to nitrogen ratios and tannin production. Six genotypes of Populus tremuloides were grown under elevated and ambient CO2 partial pressure and high\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and low\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertility soil in field open\uffe2\uff80\uff90top chambers in northern lower Michigan, USA. During the second year of exposure, leaves were harvested three times (June, August, and September) and analyzed for condensed tannin concentration. The carbon/nutrient balance hypothesis was supported overall, with significantly greater leaf tannin concentration at high CO2 and low soil fertility compared to ambient CO2 and high soil fertility. However, some genotypes increased tannin concentration at elevated compared to ambient CO2, while others showed no CO2 response. Performance of lepidopteran leaf miner (Phyllonorycter tremuloidiella) larvae feeding on these plants varied across genotypes, CO2, and fertility treatments. These results suggest that with rising atmospheric CO2, plant secondary compound production may vary within species. This could have consequences for plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93herbivore and plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93microbe interactions and for the evolutionary response of this species to global climate change.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Salicaceae", "genotype", "plant\u2013herbivore interaction", "Phyllonorycter-tremuloidiella", "Quaking aspen", "01 natural sciences", "plant-composition", "tannin", "nitrogen-", "carbon-dioxide: elevation-", "124-38-9: CARBON DIOXIDE", "Spermatophytes-", "Spermatophyta-", "genotypic-variation", "Population-Genetics (Population-Studies)", "2. 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Curtis,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2656979"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/American%20Journal%20of%20Botany", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2307/2656979", "name": "item", "description": "10.2307/2656979", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2307/2656979"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "acd77c46-c706-ee1b-739d-45181dc7c397", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:26:22Z", "type": "Dataset", "language": "en", "title": "Associations of dominant parent material in Europe 1:15,000,000", "description": "For the legend-building of the soil regions map (EUSR5000), areas with similar climate (EUCA15000) are further subdivided into areas with similar parent material, thus with a similar geologic paleogeographic development. Because the geological conditions (nature of parent material) are key factors for soil formation, it must be characterized at the level of the soil regions as well. In order to represent parent material at the Europe-wide continental level, data from small-scale geological maps were re-interpreted and aggregated to parent material associations 1:15 Mio. The different rocks are summarized by geological formation, at the same time following the main class- or group-level from the List of Parent Material according to Finke et al.(2001). As a result, 18 rock complexes were received and evaluated in respect of their effect on soil formation. Here it must be pointed out that soils are not formed on the rock itself but on weathering products mostly consisting of several layers and with numerous external components incorporated by redeposition.", "formats": [{"name": "PDF"}], "keywords": ["ausgangsgestein", "boden", "bodenphysikalische-eigenschaften", "de", "europa", "europa\u0308ische-union", "europe", "european-union", "geological-process", "geology", "gruppen-der-bodenausgangsgesteine", "parent-material", "soil-fertility", "soil-map", "soil-parent-material-associations", "soil-physical-properties", "soil-process", "soil-resource", "soil-structure", "soil-texture"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://download.bgr.de/bgr/boden/EUPM15000/gpkg/eupm15000_v10.zip"}, {"href": "https://download.bgr.de/bgr/boden/EUPM15000/pdf/eupm15000_v10.zip"}, {"href": "https://download.bgr.de/bgr/boden/EUPM15000/shp/eupm15000_v10.zip"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/fdcdd096-d8f6-4a98-bd03-861c9772b3b1"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.25928/EUPM15000_1.0"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "acd77c46-c706-ee1b-739d-45181dc7c397", "name": "item", "description": "acd77c46-c706-ee1b-739d-45181dc7c397", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/acd77c46-c706-ee1b-739d-45181dc7c397"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "434d353af2e8ebc0ab34b1573dd0ca85", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2025-09-04T07:23:35.264513Z", "type": "Dataset", "language": "en", "title": "Estimated soil carbon inputs and modeling results for Swedish arable land under rotation in areas approved for environmental compensation", "description": "This data set results from researching the effects of removing crop residues and cultivating intermediate crops (IC) on long-term soil organic carbon (SOC) in Swedish arable land areas approved for environmental compensation. Thus, it contains data considering five different scenarios: S1, a base scenario with no residue removal nor IC cultivation; S2, an alternative scenario with IC cultivation; S3, an alternative scenario where crop residues are harvested for biogas production with the return of digestate as soil amendment; S4, an alternative scenario with IC cultivation and harvest of crop residues for biogas production; and S5, an alternative scenario with IC cultivation and where both crop residues and IC biomass are harvested for biogas production. Estimations of SOC inputs are based on estimated biomass availability for each yield survey district (SKO) from the previously published dataset (Barrios Latorre, S. A. (2024), information collected from the statistics database of the Swedish Board of Agriculture (Jordburksverket), and Statistics Sweden (SCB, 2023). It considered all the Swedish SKOs where removing residues and cultivating intermediate crops is technically possible. The geospatial data containing the boundaries of the SKOs can be requested from Jordbruksverket or accessed directly from the previous dataset (https://doi.org/10.5878/t9ey-ac36). Estimations of SOC inputs are differentiated by source: aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB), and organic amendments (OA). Furthermore, the total SOC at steady state (Css) for each scenario was estimated using the Introductory Carbon Balance Model (ICBM) (Menichetti et al., 2024). The file contains 85 rows (SKOs) and 34 columns. References Barrios Latorre, S. A. (2024). Biomass availability from the harvest of crop residues and oilseed radish as an intermediate crop at yield survey district level in Sweden (Version 1) [Data set]. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5878/t9ey-ac36 Menichetti, L., K\u00e4tterer, T., & Bolinder, M. A. (2024). Bayesian calibration of the ICBM/3 soil organic carbon model constrained by data from long-term experiments and uncertainties of C inputs. Carbon Management, 15(1), 2304749. https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2024.2304749 SCB. (2023). G\u00f6dselmedel i jordbruket 2021/22. 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