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Soil C:N ratios were lower in formerly plowed soils (26.2) than in unplowed soils (28.0). While soil N content was not affected by land-use history or vegetation type, net N mineralization showed much greater variation. In situ August net nitrogen mineralization varied nearly 40-fold between stand types: lowest in pitch pine and white pine stands (-0.13 and 0.10\u2009kg\u2009N\u2009ha-1\u200928\u2009day-1), intermediate in scrub oak stands (0.48\u2009kg\u2009N\u2009ha-1\u200928\u2009day-1) and highest in aspen and mixed oak stands (1.34-3.11\u2009kg\u2009N\u2009ha-1\u200928\u2009day-1). Mineralization was more strongly related to present vegetation than to land-use history or soil N content. Appreciable net nitrification was observed only in the most recently abandoned aspen plot (0.82\u2009kg\u2009N\u2009ha-1\u200928\u2009day-1), suggesting that recent disturbance and residual agricultural lime stimulated nitrification. Carbon:nitrogen ratios increased and pH declined with stand age. Higher bulk density, lower loss-on-ignition and C:N ratios, and slightly lower C concentrations in the surface mineral soil are the persistent legacies of agriculture on soil properties. Short-term agricultural use and the low initial C and N concentrations in these sandy soils appear to have resulted in less persistent impacts of agriculture on soil C and N content and N cycling.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "soil-properties", "Forests", "Environmental-Sciences)", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "variation-", "Soil", "Quercus", "soil-nitrogen", "nitrogen-", "cultivation-", "cycling-", "soil-organic-matter", "vegetation-history", "sandy-soils", "soil-carbon", "2. 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However, no parcel-sharp information or definitive conclusions on the geology, bioavailability, the percentage distribution of geogenous and anthropogenic sources as well as the load on the soil can be derived from this. Quotation of Publication: J. E. Reusser, M. B. Siegenthaler, L. H. E. Winkel, D. W\u00e4chter, R. Kretzschmar, R. G. Meuli: Geochemical soil atlas of Switzerland. 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Es k\u00f6nnen daraus jedoch keine parzellenscharfen Informationen oder definitive R\u00fcckschl\u00fcsse auf die Geologie, die Bioverf\u00fcgbarkeit, die prozentualen Verteilung der geogenen und anthropogenen Quellen sowie die Belastung des Bodens abgeleitet werden. Zitat Publikation: J. E. Reusser, M. B. Siegenthaler, L. H. E. Winkel, D. W\u00e4chter, R. Kretzschmar, R. G. Meuli: Geochemischer Bodenatlas der Schweiz. 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The spatial prediction is based on the principle of \u00abdigital soil mapping\u00bb. This involves linking soil profiles with soil forming factors using statistical or machine learning methods.  A quantile regression forest (QRF) approach was applied to predict the following soil properties at six depth ranges: clay, gravel, sand, fine earth density, SOC. The depth ranges correspond to the standard depths of the [GlobalSoilMap.Net](https://www.isric.org/) specification: 0\u20135, 5\u201315, 15\u201330, 30\u201360, 60\u2013100 and 100\u2013200 cm. In addition, the total soil depth down to a non-root-permeable layer or solid rock soil thick was predicted. To quantify the uncertainty for each predicted pixel, the upper and lower limit of the 90% prediction interval derived from QRF was calculated. More details on the methods and results are described in Baltensweiler et al. 2021 and Baltensweiler et al 2022.  The soil property maps, and the uncertainty maps are provided as a GeoTIFF files at 25 m resolution. The excel file (xlsx) provides a short description of the raster layers.  **The soil and the uncertainty maps can be viewed in a simple web-GIS application available at:**  [www.wsl.ch/soilmaps](https://www.wsl.ch/soilmaps).", "formats": [{"name": "XLS"}], "keywords": ["ch", "dsm", "forest", "soc", "soil", "soil-depth", "soil-ph", "soil-properties", "soil-texture", "switzerland"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Andri Baltensweiler", "roles": ["creator"]}, {"organization": "https://envidat.ch/#/about", "roles": ["publisher"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.envidat.ch/#/metadata/soil-property-maps-for-the-swiss-forest"}, {"href": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/soil-property-maps-for-the-swiss-forest/resource/1059745c-d83e-4f31-b723-07cce9fb2104"}, {"href": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/soil-property-maps-for-the-swiss-forest/resource/1616b34f-542a-4622-9bdd-e454500393c8"}, {"href": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/soil-property-maps-for-the-swiss-forest/resource/1a2addd8-1b83-4502-b015-43face6c519b"}, {"href": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/soil-property-maps-for-the-swiss-forest/resource/25bdf03f-226b-4274-8867-6553b2c12bd3"}, {"href": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/soil-property-maps-for-the-swiss-forest/resource/5886ee25-bfb6-44a2-97a9-00d5c968d1c9"}, {"href": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/soil-property-maps-for-the-swiss-forest/resource/5f08172f-967c-4aa3-beaf-a81338290f9e"}, {"href": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/soil-property-maps-for-the-swiss-forest/resource/639353b5-92a5-43d1-b0ec-4ce8ca7773c0"}, {"href": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/soil-property-maps-for-the-swiss-forest/resource/7c58ee27-6410-41bc-b533-1c3842032878"}, {"href": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/soil-property-maps-for-the-swiss-forest/resource/a214d4d2-72bd-451d-8fd5-a461b3a78b28"}, {"href": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/soil-property-maps-for-the-swiss-forest/resource/b4dc7b7b-e800-45d4-8d03-997968710b56"}, {"href": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/soil-property-maps-for-the-swiss-forest/resource/c5bea000-de46-4b93-8de8-f246c6135b9f"}, {"href": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/soil-property-maps-for-the-swiss-forest/resource/c799d7c4-ae83-402d-976d-f23ef7021ad7"}, {"href": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/soil-property-maps-for-the-swiss-forest/resource/d5a87cce-64aa-40db-aa02-589fb89c7984"}, {"href": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/soil-property-maps-for-the-swiss-forest/resource/d7b44437-7fc2-4750-a322-e26887a830c6"}, {"href": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/soil-property-maps-for-the-swiss-forest/resource/d80078ce-cf36-4590-8f01-e79de67f8b2f"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/9a0b1daa-a4e0-4c62-b348-ec23354105c6-envidat"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "9a0b1daa-a4e0-4c62-b348-ec23354105c6-envidat", "name": "item", "description": "9a0b1daa-a4e0-4c62-b348-ec23354105c6-envidat", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/9a0b1daa-a4e0-4c62-b348-ec23354105c6-envidat"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "9e82a6aa-c3d9-4877-9456-6944ce93d593-bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "http://dcat-ap.ch/vocabulary/licenses/terms_open", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:29:45Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Geochemical soil atlas of Switzerland: Iron", "description": "Interpolierte Element-Konzentrationen (mg/kg Feinerde) in den Oberb\u00f6den (0\u201320 cm) der Schweiz. F\u00fcr die Ordinary Kriging Interpolationen (1 km x 1 km) wurden Messdaten von insgesamt 1'201 Standorten des Biodiversit\u00e4tsmonitorings Schweiz, der Nationalen Bodenbeobachtung und des europ\u00e4ischen geochemischen Bodenatlas ber\u00fccksichtigt. Die Element-Konzentrationen wurden in K\u00f6nigswasser Aufschl\u00fcssen (HNO\u2083:HCl:H\u2082O) von getrockneten (40\u00b0C), gesiebten (< 2 mm) und anschliessend gemahlenen Bodenproben mittels induktiv gekoppelter Plasma Massenspektrometrie analysiert. Standorte mit bekannter anthropogener \u00dcberpr\u00e4gung der Element-Konzentrationen (Punktquellen) wurden vorg\u00e4ngig ausgeschlossen. Bei den Ergebnissen des geochemischen Bodenatlas handelt es sich um eine Momentaufnahme der Element-Konzentrationen in den Oberb\u00f6den der Schweiz (Probenahmezeitraum 2011\u20132015). Die interpolierten Karten dienen der verbesserten Visualisierung von Regionen mit erh\u00f6hten resp. tiefen Konzentrationen. Es k\u00f6nnen daraus jedoch keine parzellenscharfen Informationen oder definitive R\u00fcckschl\u00fcsse auf die Geologie, die Bioverf\u00fcgbarkeit, die prozentualen Verteilung der geogenen und anthropogenen Quellen sowie die Belastung des Bodens abgeleitet werden. Zitat Publikation: J. E. Reusser, M. B. Siegenthaler, L. H. E. Winkel, D. W\u00e4chter, R. Kretzschmar, R. G. Meuli: Geochemischer Bodenatlas der Schweiz. 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F\u00fcr die Ordinary Kriging Interpolationen (1 km x 1 km) wurden Messdaten von insgesamt 1'201 Standorten des Biodiversit\u00e4tsmonitorings Schweiz, der Nationalen Bodenbeobachtung und des europ\u00e4ischen geochemischen Bodenatlas ber\u00fccksichtigt. Die Element-Konzentrationen wurden in K\u00f6nigswasser Aufschl\u00fcssen (HNO\u2083:HCl:H\u2082O) von getrockneten (40\u00b0C), gesiebten (< 2 mm) und anschliessend gemahlenen Bodenproben mittels induktiv gekoppelter Plasma Massenspektrometrie analysiert. Standorte mit bekannter anthropogener \u00dcberpr\u00e4gung der Element-Konzentrationen (Punktquellen) wurden vorg\u00e4ngig ausgeschlossen. Bei den Ergebnissen des geochemischen Bodenatlas handelt es sich um eine Momentaufnahme der Element-Konzentrationen in den Oberb\u00f6den der Schweiz (Probenahmezeitraum 2011\u20132015). Die interpolierten Karten dienen der verbesserten Visualisierung von Regionen mit erh\u00f6hten resp. tiefen Konzentrationen. Es k\u00f6nnen daraus jedoch keine parzellenscharfen Informationen oder definitive R\u00fcckschl\u00fcsse auf die Geologie, die Bioverf\u00fcgbarkeit, die prozentualen Verteilung der geogenen und anthropogenen Quellen sowie die Belastung des Bodens abgeleitet werden. Zitat Publikation: J. E. Reusser, M. B. Siegenthaler, L. H. E. Winkel, D. W\u00e4chter, R. Kretzschmar, R. G. Meuli: Geochemischer Bodenatlas der Schweiz. Agroscope, Z\u00fcrich, 2023.", "formats": [{"name": "HTML"}], "keywords": ["atlante", "atlas", "bgdi-bundesgeodaten-infrastruktur", "biogeochemie", "biogeochemistry", "biogeochimica", "biogeochimie", "boden", "bodeneigenschaften", "bodenkartierung", "bund", "cartographie-des-sols", "ch", "confederation", "confederazione", "fsdi-federal-spatial-data-infrastructure", "ifdg-infrastruttura-federale-dei-dati-geografici", "ifdg-linfrastructure-federale-de-donnees-geographiques", "interpolation", "interpolazione", "mappatura-del-suolo", "metal", "metall", "metallo", "proprieta-del-suolo", "proprietes-du-sol", "soil", "soil-mapping", "soil-properties", "sol", "suolo"], "contacts": [{"organization": "boden@bafu.admin.ch", "roles": ["creator"]}, {"organization": "https://opendata.swiss/organization/bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu", "roles": ["publisher"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://data.geo.admin.ch/browser/index.html#/collections/ch.bafu.geochemischer-bodenatlas_schweiz_natrium/items/geochemischer-bodenatlas_schweiz_natrium"}, {"href": "https://map.geo.admin.ch/?layers=ch.bafu.geochemischer-bodenatlas_schweiz_natrium"}, {"href": "https://wms.geo.admin.ch/?SERVICE=WMS&VERSION=1.3.0&REQUEST=GetCapabilities&lang=de"}, {"href": "https://wmts.geo.admin.ch/EPSG/3857/1.0.0/WMTSCapabilities.xml?lang=de"}, {"href": "https://www.agroscope.admin.ch/agroscope/de/home/themen/umwelt-ressourcen/boden-gewaesser-naehrstoffe/nabo/ergaenzende-untersuchungen/geochemischer-bodenatlas.html"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/af684d6b-ae62-49d4-bbb4-d331944beaed-bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "af684d6b-ae62-49d4-bbb4-d331944beaed-bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu", "name": "item", "description": "af684d6b-ae62-49d4-bbb4-d331944beaed-bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/af684d6b-ae62-49d4-bbb4-d331944beaed-bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "b2455d45-1921-4374-8c03-b7394b8d72d2-bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "http://dcat-ap.ch/vocabulary/licenses/terms_open", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:32:06Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Geochemical soil atlas of Switzerland: Cobalt", "description": "Interpolated element concentrations (mg/kg fine soil) in the topsoils (0-20 cm) of Switzerland. For the Ordinary Kriging Interpolations (1 km x 1 km), measurement data from a total of 1,201 sites of the Swiss Biodiversity Monitoring System, the National Soil Observation System and the European Soil Geochemical Atlas were taken into account. Element concentrations were analyzed in aqua regia outcrop (HNO3:HCl:H2O) from dried (40\u00b0C), sieved (< 2 mm) and subsequently ground soil samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Sites with known anthropogenic over-embossing of element concentrations (point sources) were excluded in advance. The results of the soil geochemical atlas are a snapshot of the element concentrations in the topsoils of Switzerland (sampling period 2011-2015). The interpolated maps serve to improve the visualization of regions with elevated or low concentrations. However, no parcel-sharp information or definitive conclusions on the geology, bioavailability, the percentage distribution of geogenous and anthropogenic sources as well as the load on the soil can be derived from this. Quotation of Publication: J. E. Reusser, M. B. Siegenthaler, L. H. E. Winkel, D. W\u00e4chter, R. Kretzschmar, R. G. Meuli: Geochemical soil atlas of Switzerland. 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The Irish Soil Information System adopted a unique methodology combining digital soil mapping techniques with traditional soil survey application. Developing earlier work conducted by An Foras Tal\u00fantais, the project generated soil-landscape models for previously surveyed counties. These soil-landscape (\u2018soilscape\u2019) models formed the basis for training statistical \u2018inference engines\u2019 for predicting soil mapping units, checked during field survey. 213 soil series are identified, each with differing characteristics, having contrasting environmental and agronomic responses. Properties were recorded in a database able to satisfy national and EU policy requirements. The Irish soil map and related soil property data will also serve public interest, providing the means to learn online about Irish soil resources. Use the Symbology layer file 'SOIL_SISNationalSoil.lyr' based on Value Field 'Association_Unit'. SIS SOIL DRAINAGE:In Ireland, soil drainage category is considered to have a predominant influence on soil processes (Schulte et al., 2012). The maritime climate of Ireland drives wet soil conditions, such that excess soil moisture in combination with heavy textured soils is considered a key constraint in relation to achieving productivity and environmental targets. Both soil moisture content and the rate at which water drains from the soil are critical indicators of soil physical quality and the overall functional capacity of soil. Therefore, a natural extension to the Irish Soil Information System included the development of an indicative soil drainage map for Ireland. The soil subgroup map was used to develop the indicative drainage map, based on diagnostic criteria relating to the subgroup categorization. Use the Symbology layer file 'SOIL_SISSoilDrainage.lyr' based on Value Field 'Drainage'. SIS SOIL DEPTH: Soil depth is a measure of the thickness of the soil cover and reflects the relationship between parent material and length of soil forming processes. Soil depth determines the potential rooting depth of plants and any restrictions within the soil that may hinder rooting depth. Plants derive nearly 80 per cent of their water needs from the upper part of the soil solum, i.e. where the root system is denser. The rooting depths depend on plant physiology, type of soil and water availability. Generally, vegetables (beans, tomatoes, potatoes, parsnip, carrots, leek, broccoli, etc.) are shallow rooted, about 50\u201360 cm; fruit trees and some other plants have medium rooting depths, 70\u2013120 cm and other crops such as barley, wheat, oats, and maize may have deeper roots. Furthermore, rooting depths vary according to the age of the plants. The exact soil depth is difficult to define accurately due to its high variability across the landscape. The effective soil depth can be reduced by the presence of bedrock or impermeable layers. Use the Symbology layer file 'SOIL_SISSoilDepth.lyr' based on Valued Field 'Depth'. SIS SOIL TEXTURE:Soil texture is an important soil characteristic that influences processes such as water infiltration rates, rootability, gas exchanges, leaching, chemical activity, susceptibility to erosion and water holding capacity. The soil textural class is determined by the percentage of sand, silt, and clay. Soil texture also influences how much water is available to the plant; clay soils have a greater water holding capacity than sandy soils. Use the Symbology layer file 'SOIL_SISSoilTexture.lyr' based on Value Field 'Texture'. SIS SOIL SOC:In the previous national soil survey conducted by An Foras Taluntais, 14 counties were described in detail with soil profile descriptions provided for the representative soil series found within a county. Soil samples were taken at each soil horizon to a depth of 1 meter and analyses performed for a range of measurements, including soil organic carbon, texture, cation exchange capacity, pH; however in most cases no bulk density measurements were taken. This meant that while soil organic carbon concentrations were available this could not be related to a stock for a given soil series. In 2012/2013, 246 profile pits were sampled and analysed as part of the Irish Soil Information System project to fill in gaps in the description of representative profile data for Ireland. 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F\u00fcr die Ordinary Kriging Interpolationen (1 km x 1 km) wurden Messdaten von insgesamt 1'201 Standorten des Biodiversit\u00e4tsmonitorings Schweiz, der Nationalen Bodenbeobachtung und des europ\u00e4ischen geochemischen Bodenatlas ber\u00fccksichtigt. Die Element-Konzentrationen wurden in K\u00f6nigswasser Aufschl\u00fcssen (HNO\u2083:HCl:H\u2082O) von getrockneten (40\u00b0C), gesiebten (< 2 mm) und anschliessend gemahlenen Bodenproben mittels induktiv gekoppelter Plasma Massenspektrometrie analysiert. Standorte mit bekannter anthropogener \u00dcberpr\u00e4gung der Element-Konzentrationen (Punktquellen) wurden vorg\u00e4ngig ausgeschlossen. Bei den Ergebnissen des geochemischen Bodenatlas handelt es sich um eine Momentaufnahme der Element-Konzentrationen in den Oberb\u00f6den der Schweiz (Probenahmezeitraum 2011\u20132015). Die interpolierten Karten dienen der verbesserten Visualisierung von Regionen mit erh\u00f6hten resp. tiefen Konzentrationen. Es k\u00f6nnen daraus jedoch keine parzellenscharfen Informationen oder definitive R\u00fcckschl\u00fcsse auf die Geologie, die Bioverf\u00fcgbarkeit, die prozentualen Verteilung der geogenen und anthropogenen Quellen sowie die Belastung des Bodens abgeleitet werden. Zitat Publikation: J. E. Reusser, M. B. Siegenthaler, L. H. E. Winkel, D. W\u00e4chter, R. Kretzschmar, R. G. Meuli: Geochemischer Bodenatlas der Schweiz. 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