Selectively fluorinated compounds are found frequently in pharmaceutical and agrochemical products where currently 25\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffe2\uff80\uff89% of optimised compounds emerge from development containing at least one fluorine atom. There are many methods for the site\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific introduction of fluorine, but all are chemical and they often use environmentally challenging reagents. Biochemical processes for C\uffe2\uff88\uff92F bond formation are attractive, but they are extremely rare. In this work, the fluorinase enzyme, originally identified from the actinomycete bacterium Streptomyces cattleya, is engineered into Escherichia coli in such a manner that the organism is able to produce 5\uffe2\uff80\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90fluorodeoxyadenosine (5\uffe2\uff80\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90FDA) from S\uffe2\uff80\uff90adenosyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90l\uffe2\uff80\uff90methionine (SAM) and fluoride in live E.\uffe2\uff80\uff85coli cells. Success required the introduction of a SAM transporter and deletion of the endogenous fluoride efflux capacity in order to generate an E.\uffe2\uff80\uff85coli host that has the potential for future engineering of more elaborate fluorometabolites.
", "keywords": ["SAM transporters", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "S-Adenosylmethionine", "0303 health sciences", "Deoxyadenosines", "Halogenation", "DAS", "Fluorine", "Halogenations", "540", "QD Chemistry", "Streptomyces", "3. Good health", "03 medical and health sciences", "Bacterial Proteins", "Isomerism", "Escherichia coli", "QD", "Fluoride channels", "Genetic Engineering", "Oxidoreductases", "Fluorinases"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/cbic.202000051"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202000051"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/ChemBioChem", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/cbic.202000051", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/cbic.202000051", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/cbic.202000051"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.20145", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-10-01", "title": "What determines transfer of carbon from plants to mycorrhizal fungi?", "description": "SummaryBiological Market Models are common evolutionary frameworks to understand the maintenance of mutualism in mycorrhizas. \uffe2\uff80\uff98Surplus C\uffe2\uff80\uff99 hypotheses provide an alternative framework where stoichiometry and source\uffe2\uff80\uff93sink dynamics govern mycorrhizal function. A critical difference between these frameworks is whether carbon transfer from plants is regulated by nutrient transfer from fungi or through source\uffe2\uff80\uff93sink dynamics. In this review, we: provide a historical perspective; summarize studies that asked whether plants transfer more carbon to fungi that transfer more nutrients; conduct a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis to assess whether mycorrhizal plant growth suppressions are related to carbon transfer; and review literature on cellular mechanisms for carbon transfer. In sum, current knowledge does not indicate that carbon transfer from plants is directly regulated by nutrient delivery from fungi. Further, mycorrhizal plant growth responses were linked to nutrient uptake rather than carbon transfer. These findings are more consistent with \uffe2\uff80\uff98Surplus C\uffe2\uff80\uff99 hypotheses than Biological Market Models. However, we also identify research gaps, and future research may uncover a mechanism directly linking carbon and nutrient transfer. Until then, we urge caution when applying economic terminology to describe mycorrhizas. We present a synthesis of ideas, consider knowledge gaps, and suggest experiments to advance the field.Biological Market Models are common evolutionary frameworks to understand the maintenance of mutualism in mycorrhizas. \uffe2\uff80\uff98Surplus C\uffe2\uff80\uff99 hypotheses provide an alternative framework where stoichiometry and source\uffe2\uff80\uff93sink dynamics govern mycorrhizal function. A critical difference between these frameworks is whether carbon transfer from plants is regulated by nutrient transfer from fungi or through source\uffe2\uff80\uff93sink dynamics. In this review, we: provide a historical perspective; summarize studies that asked whether plants transfer more carbon to fungi that transfer more nutrients; conduct a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis to assess whether mycorrhizal plant growth suppressions are related to carbon transfer; and review literature on cellular mechanisms for carbon transfer. In sum, current knowledge does not indicate that carbon transfer from plants is directly regulated by nutrient delivery from fungi. Further, mycorrhizal plant growth responses were linked to nutrient uptake rather than carbon transfer. These findings are more consistent with \uffe2\uff80\uff98Surplus C\uffe2\uff80\uff99 hypotheses than Biological Market Models. However, we also identify research gaps, and future research may uncover a mechanism directly linking carbon and nutrient transfer. Until then, we urge caution when applying economic terminology to describe mycorrhizas. We present a synthesis of ideas, consider knowledge gaps, and suggest experiments to advance the field.