{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.031", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:15:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-02-03", "title": "Heterotrophic Respiration And Nitrogen Mineralisation In Soils Of Norway Spruce, Scots Pine And Silver Birch Stands In Contrasting Climates", "description": "Different tree species are often associated with different soil properties. Earlier studies have shown that Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), the two dominant tree species in Fennoscandia, often generate soils with larger carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools than silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.). Consequently, we hypothesised that spruce and pine would create soils with slower turnover rates than birch. To test this, C and N pools and C and N mineralisation rates were determined in different soil layers (humus, 0\u201310 cm, 10\u201320 cm mineral soil) at two sites with contrasting climatic conditions. One site (T\u00f6nnersj\u00f6heden) was located in the temperate zone in SW Sweden and one (Kivalo) in the north boreal zone in N Finland. At both sites, experimental plots with the three tree species had been established more than 50 years before the study. Samples from the different soil layers were incubated at 15 \u00b0C in the laboratory for 30 days, and C and N mineralisation rates were determined. In addition, earthworm abundance was estimated at T\u00f6nnersj\u00f6heden but not at Kivalo (no sign of bioturbation). At T\u00f6nnersj\u00f6heden, soil C and N pools (g C or N m\u22122) were ranked spruce > pine > birch. C mineralisation rate (mg CO2\u2013C g\u22121 C d\u22121) was higher in the birch plots than in the other plots, but because of larger C pools in the spruce plots, field C mineralisation (g CO2\u2013C m\u22122 year\u22121) was higher for spruce than for pine and birch. Field net N mineralisation (80\u201390 kg N ha\u22121 year\u22121) did not differ significantly between tree species, but nitrification rates (\u03bcg NO3\u2013N g\u22121 C d\u22121) in the topsoil were higher in the birch plots than in the other plots. The birch plots had larger populations of earthworms and a higher degree of bioturbation than any of the coniferous plots, which probably explains the higher turnover rate of birch soil organic matter (SOM). At Kivalo, C and N soil pools were significantly larger in spruce than in birch plots, and C mineralisation rate was higher in birch and spruce humus than in pine humus. Net N mineralisation rate and annual field net N mineralisation (<4 kg N ha\u22121 year\u22121) were estimated to be very low, with no effect of tree species. Thus, the hypothesis of a \u2018birch effect\u2019 was supported at T\u00f6nnersj\u00f6heden, but only partly at Kivalo. The main difference seemed to be that the earthworms at T\u00f6nnersj\u00f6heden accelerated SOM decomposition under birch, whereas earthworm stimulation was negligible at Kivalo, probably because of climate-related limitations.", "keywords": ["kuusi", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "typpi", "550", "kastemato", "m\u00e4nty", "hiili", "QD", "15. Life on land", "koivu", "01 natural sciences", "SD"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/36374/13/36374_HANSSON_Heterotrophic_respiration_and_nitrogen_mineralisation.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.031"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.031", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.031", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.031"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/bf00020864", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:14:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-09", "title": "Nitrogen Transformations In Limed And Nitrogen-Fertilized Soil In Norway Spruce Stands", "description": "Nitrogen transformations in the soil, and the resulting changes in carbon and nitrogen compounds in soil percolate water, were studied in two stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.). Over the last 30 years the stands were repeatedly limed (total 6000 kg ha\u22121), fertilized with nitrogen (total about 900 kg ha\u22121), or both treatments together. Both aerobic incubations of soil samples in the laboratory, and intact soil core incubations in the field showed that in control plots ammonification widely predominated over nitrification. In both experiments nitrogen addition increased the formation of mineral-N. In one experiment separate lime and nitrogen treatments increased nitrification, in the other, only lime and nitrogen addition together had this effect. In one experiment immobilization of nitrogen to soil microbial biomass was lower in soil only treated with nitrogen. Soil percolate water was collected by means of lysimeters placed under the humus layer and 10 cm below in the mineral soil. Total N, NH4-N and NO3-N were measured, and dissolved organic nitrogen was fractioned according to molecular weight. NO3-N concentrations in percolate water, collected under the humus layer, were higher in plots treated with N-fertilizer, especially when lime was also added. The treatments had no effect on the N concentrations in mineral soil. A considerable proportion of nitrogen was leached in organic form.", "keywords": ["maan suodanta", "typpi", "ammonifikaatio", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "nitrifikaatio", "mikrobibiomassa", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "DOC", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "DON", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Smolander, A., Kitunen, V., Priha, O., M\u00e4lk\u00f6nen, E.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00020864"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/bf00020864", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/bf00020864", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/bf00020864"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1995-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-014-2181-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-09-21T16:14:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-02", "title": "Nutrient Availability And Ph Jointly Constrain Microbial Extracellular Enzyme Activities In Nutrient-Poor Tundra Soils", "description": "Tundra soils, which usually contain low concentrations of soil nutrients and have a low pH, store a large proportion of the global soil carbon (C) pool. The importance of soil nitrogen (N) availability for microbial activity in the tundra has received a great deal of attention; however, although soil pH is known to exert a considerable impact on microbial activities across ecosystems, the importance of soil pH in the tundra has not been experimentally investigated. We tested a hypothesis that low nutrient availability and pH may limit microbial biomass and microbial capacity for organic matter degradation in acidic tundra heaths by analyzing potential extracellular enzyme activities and microbial biomass after 6\u00a0years of factorial treatments of fertilization and liming. Increasing nutrients enhanced the potential activity of \u03b2-glucosidase (synthesized for cellulose degradation). Increasing soil pH, in contrast, reduced the potential activity of \u03b2-glucosidase. The soil phospholipid fatty acid concentrations (PLFAs; indicative of the amount of microbial biomass) increased in response to fertilization but were not influenced by liming. Our results show that soil nutrient availability and pH together control extracellular enzyme activities but with largely differing or even opposing effects. When nutrient limitation was alleviated by fertilization, microbial biomass and enzymatic capacity for cellulose decomposition increased, which likely facilitates greater decomposition of soil organic matter. Increased soil pH, in contrast, reduced enzymatic capacity for cellulose decomposition, which could be related with the bioavailability of organic substrates.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "typpi", "pH", "13. Climate action", "entsyymiaktiivisuus", "PLFA", "610", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "TUNDRA"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2181-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-014-2181-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-014-2181-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-014-2181-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-07-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:15:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-10-14", "title": "Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Organic And Conventional Crop Rotations In Five European Countries", "description": "Abstract   Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agriculture are currently estimated from N inputs using emission factors, and little is known about the importance of regional or management-related differences. This paper summarizes the results of a study in which N2O emission rates were recorded on 15\u201326 occasions during a 12-month period in organic and conventional dairy crop rotations in five European countries (Austria, Denmark, Finland, Italy, UK). A common methodology based on static chambers was used for N2O flux measurements, and N2O data were compiled together with information about N inputs (from fertilizers, N2 fixation, atmospheric deposition and excretal returns), crop rotations and soil properties. Organic rotations received only manure as N fertilizer, while manure accounted for 0\u2013100% of fertilizer N in conventional rotations. A linear regression model was used to examine effects of location, system and crop category on N2O emissions, while a second model examined effects of soil properties. Nitrous oxide emissions were higher from conventional than from organic crop rotations except in Austria and, according to the statistical analysis, the differences between locations and crop categories were significant. Ammonium was significantly related to N2O emissions, although this effect was dominated by observations from a grazing system. Despite the limited number of samplings, annual emissions were estimated by interpolation. Across the two systems and five locations there was a significant relationship between total N inputs and N2O emissions at the crop rotation level which indicated that annually 1.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.2% (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0standard error) of total N inputs were lost as N2O, while there was a background emission of 1.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.3\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O-N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121. Although this measurement program emphasized system effects at the expense of high temporal resolution, the results indicate that N input is a significant determinant for N2O emissions from agricultural soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nitrous oxide", "luonnonmukainen maataloustuotanto", "dityppioksidi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "rotational cropping", "15. Life on land", "typen oksidit", "nitrogen oxides", "13. Climate action", "crop rotations", "soil properties", "luomutuotanto", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "p\u00e4\u00e4st\u00f6t", "Ka", "Eurooppa"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Petersen, Soren O., Regina, Kristiina, P\u00f6llinger, Alfred, Rigler, Elisabeth, Valli, Laura, Yamulki, Sirwan, Esala, Martti, Fabbri, Claudio, Syv\u00e4salo, Eija, Vinther, Finn P.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-09-21T16:15:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-12-22", "title": "Fluxes Of Nitrous Oxide And Methane, And Nitrogen Leaching From Organically And Conventionally Cultivated Sandy Soil In Western Finland", "description": "Abstract   Organic farming is considered to be environmentally beneficial partly due to the ban on synthetic fertilisers and pesticides, but there are few studies including direct measurements on the environmental impact of organic farming compared with the conventional system. In this study, greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen leaching were compared in three different farming systems in western Finland. Two of them consisted of grass production and livestock raising, and were managed either organically (OF) or conventionally (CF). The third farming system was conventionally managed cereal production without livestock (CEF). Greenhouse gas (CH 4  and N 2 O) fluxes, nitrogen leaching and soil mineral nitrogen concentrations were measured for 1 year from three replicate plots of each farming system. The annual flux of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) was 1.4\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  in OF, 1.2\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  in CF, and 3.5\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  in CEF. Annual methane (CH 4 ) oxidation ranged between \u22120.72 and \u22120.44\u00a0kg\u00a0CH 4 \u00a0ha \u22121  in the three treatments. In the case of OF and CF nitrogen losses to water were larger than gaseous losses as N 2 O but in CEF they were equal. Of the N added as mineral fertiliser and cattle slurry to the CF fields, 1.6% was lost by leaching, while 0.7% was lost to the atmosphere as N 2 O. In CEF, the respective percentages were 3.0% for N leaching and 3.2% for N lost to the air. The environmental advantages of organic compared with conventional farming systems were not confirmed in this study.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "kasvihuonekaasut", "13. Climate action", "luomutuotanto", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ka", "dityppioksidi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "metaani", "typen huuhtoutuminen"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Syv\u00e4salo, Eija, Regina, Kristiina, Turtola, Eila, Lemola, Riitta, Esala, Martti,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2004.12.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:15:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-02-08", "title": "N And C Transformations In Long-Term N-Fertilized Forest Soils In Response To Seasonal Drought", "description": "Abstract   The aim of this study was to determine the response of N and C transformations in the soil to seasonal drought in repeatedly N-fertilized forest soils. The study sites were long-term N fertilization experiments in two Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) stands growing on rather fertile sites in southern Finland. The treatments were control (C), control exposed to seasonal drought (C\u00a0+\u00a0D), N fertilization (N), and N fertilization combined with drought (N\u00a0+\u00a0D). To the N-fertilized plots, about 600\u20131000\u00a0kg/ha nitrogen had been applied over a period of 35 years. For the drought treatment, the plots were covered with a plastic roof 1\u20134\u00a0m above ground level for 2\u20133 months in May\u2013July. Soil was sampled before and after the drought treatments. Net N mineralization, net nitrification, and C mineralization (CO2-evolution) were studied in incubation experiments after soil moisture had been adjusted to constant soil moisture content (60% water-holding capacity (WHC)). Taken as a whole, no major differences were observed in the net formation of mineral N in drought-treated soils compared to untreated soils, but in N-fertilized soil, net formation of mineral N tended to increase due to drought. Previous drought treatment also tended to increase net nitrification, but did not change the average rate of C mineralization, at least not in over the longer term. Soil samples were also incubated at the original soil moisture content. The response of different processes to drought seemed to vary, net nitrification being the most sensitive. Amounts of microbial biomass C and N were lowest in soil samples from the plots that had received N additions, but the drought-treated plots did not differ much from other plots.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "kuivuus", "ilmastonmuutos", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "hiilen transformaatio", "typen transformaatio", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "typpilannoitus", "6. Clean water", "mets\u00e4maa", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Smolander, A., Barnette, L., Kitunen, V., Lumme, I.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2004.12.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2004.12.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2004.12.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2004.12.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2007.01.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:15:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-31", "title": "Effects Of Undersown Crops On Soil Mineral N And Grain Yield Of Spring Barley", "description": "Undersowing a cereal crop can reduce nitrogen (N) leaching and increase available N for the successive crop. An undersown crop can also compete with the main crop. Seventeen plant species were undersown in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to study their suitability regarding establishment, biomass production, competition with the main crop and effects on soil mineral N. Three different seeding rates were evaluated. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) decreased nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) content in late autumn and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) in the succeeding spring. A mixture was optimal to reduce N leaching. Italian ryegrass is a very competitive species that should be undersown at moderate seeding rates to avoid large yield reduction in the main crop. Black medic (Medicago lupulina L.) slightly increased N leaching risk, but red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) did not increase soil NO3-N content. As clovers did not compete strongly with the main crop, fairly high seeding rates can be used to maximise N fixation to benefit the successive crop. \u00a9 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["legumes", "yields", "cover crop", "nitrogen", "soil", "soil nitrate nitrogen", "typpi", "sato", "ohra", "sekaviljely", "viljanviljely", "typpiyhdisteet", "Hordeum vulgare", "cereals", "2. Zero hunger", "maaper\u00e4", "soil ammonium nitrogen", "legume", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "viljakasvit", "grasses", "palkokasvit", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ka", "nurmihein\u00e4t", "intercropping"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2007.01.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2007.01.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2007.01.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2007.01.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.05.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:15:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-20", "title": "The Effects Of Biochar, Wood Vinegar And Plants On Glyphosate Leaching And Degradation", "description": "Abstract   Although glyphosate is a commonly used herbicide, its impacts on ecosystems are not well understood. A\u00a0pot experiment, was established to explore the potential impacts of biochar, wood vinegar, and plants on the environmental fate of glyphosate. In the presence of plants (Lolium perenne), and irrespective of the presence of biochar or wood vinegar, leaching of glyphosate through the soil was multiple compared to the plant free systems. However, the addition of biochar to the soil decreased the leaching of glyphosate irrespective of plants. Soils treated with biochar\u2013wood vinegar mixture showed the lowest glyphosate leaching, both with and without plants. Biochar, wood vinegar or plants, alone, had no effect on the degradation of glyphosate in soil. When the plants were present the degradation of glyphosate was highest in soils treated with biochar\u2013wood vinegar mixture. Our results imply that biochar in particular can be applied as a soil improving agent to reduce the potential environmental risks to aquatic environments caused by glyphosate", "keywords": ["maanparannus", "herbisidit", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "6. Clean water", "Kasvinsuojelu", "leaching", "typpi", "herbicides", "glyphosate", "glyfosaatti", "wood vinegar", "AMPA", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "valunta", "soil amendments", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.05.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.05.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.05.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.05.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2008.04.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-28", "title": "Influence Of Solar Uv Radiation On The Nitrogen Metabolism In Needles Of Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.)", "description": "Needles of 20-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) saplings were studied in an ultraviolet (UV) exclusion field experiment (from 2000 to 2002) in northern Finland (67 degrees N). The chambers held filters that excluded both UV-B and UV-A, excluded UV-B only, transmitted all UV (control), or lacked filters (ambient). UV-B/UV-A exclusion decreased nitrate reductase (NR) activity of 1-year-old needles of Scots pines compared to the controls. The proportion of free amino acids varied in the range 1.08-1.94% of total proteins, and was significantly higher in needles of saplings grown under UV-B/UV-A exclusion compared to the controls or UV-B exclusion. NR activity correlated with air temperature, indicating a 'chamber effect'. The study showed that both UV irradiance and increasing temperature are significant modulators of nitrogen (N) metabolism in Scots pine needles.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "Air Pollutants", "Ecology", "Nitrogen", "Ultraviolet Rays", "typpimetabolia", "rasvahapot", "Temperature", "Pinus sylvestris", "01 natural sciences", "UV-s\u00e4teily", "subarktiset alueet", "nitraattireduktaasi", "Plant Leaves", "03 medical and health sciences", "Seedlings", "l\u00e4mp\u00f6tila", "Seasons", "Finland"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.04.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2008.04.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2008.04.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.04.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.039", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-09-21T16:15:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-04", "title": "Greenhouse Gas Fluxes Of Coniferous Forest Floors As Affected By Wood Ash Addition", "description": "Abstract   Wood ash has been used to alleviate nutrient deficiencies of peat forests and to combat acidification of forest soils. Ash may change the activities of soil microbes, including those producing or consuming greenhouse gases, such as methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). We studied the effects of wood ash (loose wood ash originating from pulp mill or power plants) on the fluxes of CH4, N2O and CO2 in forests with mineral or peat soils in northern Finland. The ash doses were from 3 to 8\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121. Gas fluxes were measured with a closed chamber method from five recently fertilized experiments for 1 year after application of ash and from five long-term trials 14\u201350 years after application. Wood ash did not affect N2O gas fluxes. In the long-term experiments, wood ash increased the soil CO2 production and the CH4 uptake and lowered the CH4 emissions.", "keywords": ["hiilidioksidi", "kasvihuonekaasut", "13. Climate action", "tuhkalannoitus", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "typpidioksidi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "metaani", "01 natural sciences", "turvemaa", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Maljanen, M., Nyk\u00e4nen, H., Moilanen, M., Martikainen, P.J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.039"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.039", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.039", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.039"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.12.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:16:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-02-24", "title": "Microbial Communities, Biomass, And Activities In Soils As Affected By Freeze Thaw Cycles", "description": "Abstract   Two Finnish agricultural soils (peat soil and loamy sand) were exposed to four freeze-thaw cycles (FTC), with a temperature change from \u221217.3\u00b10.4\u00a0\u00b0C to +4.1\u00b10.4\u00a0\u00b0C. Control cores from both soils were kept at constant temperature (+6.6\u00b12.0\u00a0\u00b0C) without FTCs. Soil N 2 O and CO 2  emissions were monitored during soil thawing, and the effects of FTCs on soil microbes were studied. N 2 O emissions were extremely low in peat soil, possibly due to low soil water content. Loamy sand had high N 2 O emission, with the highest emission after the second FTC. Soil freeze-thaw increased anaerobic respiration in both soil types during the first 3\u20134 FTCs, and this increase was higher in the peat soil. The microbial community structure and biomass analysed with lipid biomarkers (phospholipid fatty acids, 3- and 2- hydroxy fatty acids) were not affected by freezing-thawing cycles, nor was soil microbial biomass carbon (MIB-C). Molecular analysis of the microbial community structure with temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) also showed no changes due the FTCs. These results show that freezing and thawing of boreal soils does not have a strong effect on microbial biomass or community structure.", "keywords": ["hiilidioksidi", "570", "biomassa", "j\u00e4\u00e4tymis-sulamissykli", "mikrobiyhteis\u00f6n rakenne", "lipidit", "maamikrobiologia", "j\u00e4\u00e4tyminen", "structure", "lipid biomarkers", "maaper\u00e4", "mikrobiyhteis\u00f6rakenne", "biomass", "TGGE", "lipidibiomarkkeri", "N2O", "sulaminen", "dityppioksidi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "freeze-thaw cycle", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilamuutokset", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "CO2", "Ka", "microbial community"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Koponen, H., Jaakkola, T., Kein\u00e4nen-Toivola, M.M., Kaipainen, S., Tuomainen, J., Servomaa, K., Martikainen, P.J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.12.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.12.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.12.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.12.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2010.05.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-09-21T16:16:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-24", "title": "Greenhouse Gas Fluxes In Varying Soils Types Under Conventional And No-Tillage Practices", "description": "Abstract   Consideration of the environmental effects of the no-tillage practice should be made on the basis of its effects on both carbon and nitrogen cycles. There is a lack of data on the effects of the no-till management in the cool and humid climate and typical soil types of Northern Europe. We measured the fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) on conventionally ploughed agricultural soils and on respective soils that had been under no-till practice for 5\u20137 years. Ten chamber measurement investigations were carried out during a 10-month period on six pairs of tilled and no-till fields on clayey (Vertic Cambisols, three pairs), coarse (Eutric Regosols, two pairs), and organic (Dystric Histosols, one pair) soils located between latitudes 60\u00b0 and 62\u00b0 N. The results suggest that there is a risk of increased N2O emissions in the first years of no-till practice under small grain spring cereal cultivation in Northern European boreal climate. Carbon dioxide emissions measured as total ecosystem respiration were either unchanged, increased or decreased under no-till. Fluxes of CH4 were negligible and not affected by no-till practice. Dry bulk density and soil moisture were higher in no-till soils compared to annually mouldboard ploughed soils. Variation in the greenhouse gas fluxes was best explained by the content of carbon and nitrogen in the topsoil of 0\u201320\u00a0cm.", "keywords": ["suorakylv\u00f6", "hiilidioksidi", "2. Zero hunger", "maaper\u00e4", "methane", "carbon dioxide", "610", "dityppioksidi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "metaani", "ploughing", "soil", "12. Responsible consumption", "kasvihuonekaasut", "kynt\u00f6", "minimum tillage", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ka"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.05.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2010.05.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2010.05.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2010.05.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01023.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:16:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-11", "title": "Greenhouse Gas Dynamics In Boreal, Littoral Sediments Under Raised Co2 And Nitrogen Supply", "description": "<p>SUMMARY 1. The effects of increasing CO2 and nitrogen loading and of a change in water table and temperature on littoral CH4, N2O and CO2 fluxes were studied in a glasshouse experiment with intact sediment cores including vegetation (mainly sedges), taken from a boreal eutrophic lake in Finland. Sediments with the water table held at a level of 0 or at \uffe2\uff88\uff9215\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm were incubated in an atmosphere of 360 or 720\uffe2\uff80\uff83p.p.m. CO2 for 18\uffe2\uff80\uff83weeks. The experiment included fertilisation with NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93 and NH4+ (to a total 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83N\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922).</p><p>2. Changes in the water table and temperature strongly regulated sediment CH4 and cCO2 fluxes (community CO2 release), but did not affect N2O emissions. Increase in the water table increased CH4 emissions but reduced cCO2 release, while increase in temperature increased emissions of both CO2 and CH4.</p><p>3. The raised CO2 increased carbon turnover in the sediments, such that cCO2 release was increased by 16\uffe2\uff80\uff9326%. However, CH4 fluxes were not significantly affected by raised CO2, although CH4 production potential (at 22\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C) of the sediments incubated at high CO2 was increased. In the boreal region, littoral CH4 production is more likely to be limited by temperature than by the availability of carbon. Raised CO2 did not affect N2O production by denitrification, indicating that this process was not carbon limited.</p><p>4. A low availability of NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93 did severely limit N2O production. The NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93 addition caused up to a 100\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold increase in the fluxes of N2O. The NH4+ addition did not increase N2O fluxes, indicating low nitrification capacity in the sediments.</p>", "keywords": ["ammonium", "hiilidioksidi", "typpioksiduuli", "13. Climate action", "nitraatit", "15. Life on land", "metaani", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01023.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Freshwater%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01023.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01023.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01023.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-02-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/ejss.12264", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:17:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-05-14", "title": "Changes In Forest Floor And Mineral Soil Carbon And\u00a0Nitrogen Stocks In A Boreal Forest After Clear-Cutting And\u00a0Mechanical Site Preparation", "description": "Summary<p>Significant amounts of organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are accumulated in soil in boreal forests. However, increased concern has been shown regarding the negative impacts of forestry operations on both the C sequestration and N stocks in soil. Changes in the C and N stocks in woody debris, forest floor and mineral soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm) were studied in Eastern Finland for 10\uffe2\uff80\uff89years after stem\uffe2\uff80\uff90only clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cutting followed by soil harrowing. Samples were taken from the uncut forest and from the different microsites formed by the harrowing (ridges, furrows and undisturbed areas). Carbon and N from logging residues were not incorporated into the forest floor or mineral soil stocks to any great extent. After 5\uffe2\uff80\uff89years the C stock above the mineral soil was smaller (&lt;\uffe2\uff80\uff8920%) in the treated area than in the uncut forest and after 10\uffe2\uff80\uff89years it was &lt;\uffe2\uff80\uff8950% smaller. The corresponding N stock was marginally larger (&lt;\uffe2\uff80\uff895%) after 5\uffe2\uff80\uff89years, but smaller (&lt;\uffe2\uff80\uff8920%) after 10\uffe2\uff80\uff89years. In the mineral soil there were no changes; only the furrows lost C and N when compared with the other microsites, but not when compared with the forest. Harrowing increased the spatial variation in the forest floor C and N stocks. The comparison of the N losses from the soil and logging residues and woody debris with the leaching losses, the amounts utilized by the regenerating vegetation or estimated to be immobilized by the stumps at the same site indicated that N which remained after the clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cutting was retained at the site. For a full understanding of the impact of such a disturbance on stocks at a site all significant fluxes and stocks would need to be monitored.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "maaper\u00e4", "havumets\u00e4t", "hakkuut\u00e4hteet", "hiili", "carbon", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "ta4112", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "soil", "felling", "typpi", "Muut aihealueet", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "boreal forests", "hakkuu"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12264"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/ejss.12264", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/ejss.12264", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/ejss.12264"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x06-035", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-09-21T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-06-06", "title": "Influence Of Long-Term Nutrient Optimization On Biomass, Carbon, And Nitrogen Acquisition And Allocation In Norway Spruce", "description": "<p> We examined the effects of a long-term nutrient-optimization treatment on the acquisition and allocation of biomass, carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) in young Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) growing in northern Sweden. After 12 years of fertilization the absolute biomass of stem, needles, living branches, and stump and coarse roots was more than doubled by nutrient optimization (irrigation &#150; liquid fertilization treatment, IL), but the standing biomass of fine and small roots was unaffected compared with that of control trees. Biomass allocation among aboveground organs was not plastic to nutrient optimization and only the relative proportion of dead branches was reduced by nutrient optimization. Within the crown, biomass allocation to living branches was shifted towards the apex in IL trees. The N content in IL trees was substantially higher than in control trees. Most of the total N was allocated to needles and most of the needle N was found in the middle stratum of the living crown in both treatments, although the N concentration of current-year and older needles increased towards the apex in IL trees but not in control trees. The C concentration in the biomass components was not affected by the optimized fertilization. The results clearly show that there is a large potential to increase biomass production of Norway spruce (C sequestration) in the Nordic countries. This would secure the supply of raw material for the forest industry at the same time as the demand for biofuel from forest biomass is increasing. </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "typpi", "Picea abies", "biomassa", "hiili", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "lannoitus"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x06-035"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x06-035", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x06-035", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x06-035"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.23986/afsci.5661", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:19:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-12", "description": "<p>Nitrogen (N) leaching from spring barley with and without undersown Italian ryegrass was studied in Jokioinen, south-western Finland during five years (summer 1993&#150;spring 1998) in 1.7 m deep lysimeters (\uffc3\uff980.9 m) filled to 1.1 m with clay, silt, sand and peat soil. Tillage was performed in mid- October or in May, before sowing of the barley and ryegrass for the next season. In the second, third and fourth years of the experiment, total N leaching from barley without undersown ryegrass was 15, 7.9,32 and 38 kg ha-1 y-1 in clay, silt, sand and peat soil, respectively. Undersowing reduced N leaching by 52,31,68 and 27%. The reduction in N leaching from clay and sand when barley was undersown with ryegrass was nearly the same as the increased total uptake of N (barley +ryegrass).In sand soil, ryegrass was able to diminish the NO 3-N concentration of the drainage water well below the limit for acceptable drinking water. Spring tillage reduced N leaching only on peat soil (16%). Slight competition between the main and the undersown crop was indicated by lower N contents of the barley yield.;</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "syysmuokkaus", "nitrate nitrogen", "S", "nitraattityppi", "Agriculture (General)", "barley", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "yield", "lysimetri", "kokonaistyppi", "630", "maalajit", "S1-972", "primary tillage", "total nitrogen", "lysimeter", "soil type", "sato", "ohra", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ka"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lemola, Riitta, Turtola, Eila, Eriksson, Christian,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.5661"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Food%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.23986/afsci.5661", "name": "item", "description": "10.23986/afsci.5661", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.23986/afsci.5661"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-01-03T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=typpi&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=typpi&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=typpi&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=typpi&offset=16", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 16, "numberReturned": 16, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-09-22T00:45:50.901327Z"}