{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1051/forest:2004062", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-08", "title": "Fine Root Distribution, Seasonal Pattern And Production In Four Plantations Compared With A Natural Forest In Subtropical China", "description": "Open AccessR\u00e9partition et production de radicelles et \u00e9volutions saisonni\u00e8res dans quatre plantations en comparaison avec une for\u00eat naturelle, en Chine tropicale. La r\u00e9partition, l'\u00e9volution selon les saisons et la production nette de radicelles (< 2 mm en diam\u00e8tre) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tudi\u00e9es de 1999 \u00e0 2001 dans deux plantations \u00e2g\u00e9es de 33 ans de deux conif\u00e8res, le sapin de Chine (Cunninghamia lancolata, CF) et Fokienia hodginsii (FH) ainsi que dans deux plantations de feuillus, Ormosia xylocarpa (OX) et Castanopsis kawakamii (CK). Celles-ci ont \u00e9t\u00e9 compar\u00e9es \u00e0 une for\u00eat naturelle voisine de Castanopsis kawakamii (NF, 150 ans) \u00e0 Samming, Fujian, Chine. La biomasse et la n\u00e9cromasse de radicelles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 obtenues par carottage dans le sol effectu\u00e9 deux fois par mois. Les carottes de sol ont \u00e9t\u00e9 divis\u00e9es en 10 \u00e9l\u00e9ments selon la profondeur\u00a0: 0 ~ 10, 10 ~ 20, 20 ~ 30, 30 ~ 40, 40 ~ 50, 50 ~ 60, 60 ~ 70, 70 ~ 80, 80 ~ 90, et 90 ~ 100 cm. On a utilis\u00e9 des sacs \u00e0 liti\u00e8re (18 \u00d7 18 cm2, maille de 0,25 mm) pour d\u00e9terminer le taux de d\u00e9composition des radicelles (< 0,5 mm, 0,5-1 mm, 1-2 mm). Les taux de production moyenne annuelle, de mortalit\u00e9, de d\u00e9composition et de turnover des radicelles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 calcul\u00e9s par la m\u00e9thode de '\u00a0compartment flow\u00a0'. La biomasse moyenne de radicelles va de 1,49 Mg/ha dans le CF \u00e0 4,94 Mg/ha pour le NF\u00a0; elle d\u00e9cro\u00eet dans l'ordre suivant\u00a0: NF > CK > FH > OX > CF. On a enregistr\u00e9 des diff\u00e9rences significatives de biomasse et n\u00e9cromasse, selon les saisons dans tous les peuplements (P < 0,05), tandis qu'aucune fluctuation n'a pu \u00eatre mise en \u00e9vidence entre ann\u00e9es (P > 0,05). Pour tous les peuplements, on enregistre un pic de biomasse de radicelles au d\u00e9but du printemps (mars), les valeurs minimum intervenant au cours d'\u00e9t\u00e9s secs ou d'hivers froids. Pour le NF, 59,8 % de la biomasse de radicelles se situe dans la zone superficielle du sol (0-10 cm) o\u00f9 les diff\u00e9rences de biomasse de radicelles entre peuplements sont les plus marqu\u00e9es, les valeurs pour NF \u00e9tant respectivement 2,37 fois, 3,55 fois, 8,12 fois et 17,12 fois plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es que celles de CK, FH, CF, et OX. Les pourcentages de la biomasse d'origine, perdue pendant la premi\u00e8re ann\u00e9e de d\u00e9composition, vont de 43 % \u00e0 56 % pour FH, de 68 \u00e0 80 % pour NF. Les moyennes annuelles de d\u00e9composition, mortalit\u00e9 et production des racines s'\u00e9tagent entre 8,47 Mg ha-1 a-1, 8,63\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha-1\u00a0a-1 et 9,5 Mg ha-1 a-1 dans le NF \u00e0 2,50, 2,49 et 2,51 Mg ha-1 a-1 pour le CF, avec par ordre d\u00e9croissant, NF > CK > FH > OX > CF. Le taux de turnover de racines va de 1,48 a-1 pour FH \u00e0 1,78 a-1 pour NF.", "keywords": ["monoculture plantation
---
radicelle", "0106 biological sciences", "root distribution", "seasonal pattern", "root mortality", "fine root", "01 natural sciences", "root turnover", "for\u00eat naturelle", "turnover racinaire", "mortalit\u00e9 racinaire", "plantation en monoculture", "distribution", "r\u00e9partition des racines", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "production racinaire", "15. Life on land", "root", "natural forest", "monoculture plantation", "variation saisonni\u00e8re", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDV.SA.SF] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture", " forestry", "root production"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yang, YS\uff08Dept. of Geography Science, Fujian Normal University\uff09, Chen, GS\uff08Dept. of Geography Science, Fujian Normal University\uff09, Lin, P, Xie, JS\uff08Dept. of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University\uff09, Guo, JF\uff08Dept. of Geography Science, Fujian Normal University\uff09,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:2004062"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20Forest%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1051/forest:2004062", "name": "item", "description": "10.1051/forest:2004062", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1051/forest:2004062"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1893/33794", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:25:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-12-30", "title": "Global maps of soil temperature", "description": "Abstract

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2\uffc2\uffa0m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1\uffe2\uff80\uff90km2resolution for 0\uffe2\uff80\uff935 and 5\uffe2\uff80\uff9315\uffc2\uffa0cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1\uffe2\uff80\uff90km2pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse\uffe2\uff80\uff90grained air temperature estimates from ERA5\uffe2\uff80\uff90Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10\uffc2\uffb0C (mean\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa03.0\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.1\uffc2\uffb0C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.3\uffc2\uffb0C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (\uffe2\uff88\uff920.7\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.3\uffc2\uffb0C). The observed substantial and biome\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near\uffe2\uff80\uff90surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.