{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s004420050619", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:14:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-08-25", "title": "Soil Carbon And Nitrogen In A Pine-Oak Sand Plain In Central Massachusetts: Role Of Vegetation And Land-Use History", "description": "Over the last 150 years much of the landscape of eastern North America has been transformed from predominantly agricultural lands to forest. Although cultivation strongly affects important ecosystem processes such as biomass accumulation, soil organic matter dynamics, and nitrogen cycling, recovery of these processes after abandonment is insufficiently understood. We examined soil carbon and nitrogen pools and nitrogen dynamics for 16 plots on a central Massachusetts sand plain, over 80% of which had been cultivated and subsequently abandoned at least 40 years ago. The two youngest old-field forests, located on sites abandoned 40-60 years prior to our sampling, had the lowest mineral soil carbon content (0-15\u2009cm), 31% less than the average of unplowed soils. Soil carbon concentration and loss-on-ignition were significantly higher in unplowed soils than in all plowed soils, but these differences were offset by the higher bulk density in formerly plowed soils, leading to no significant differences in C content between plowed and unplowed soil. Soil C:N ratios were lower in formerly plowed soils (26.2) than in unplowed soils (28.0). While soil N content was not affected by land-use history or vegetation type, net N mineralization showed much greater variation. In situ August net nitrogen mineralization varied nearly 40-fold between stand types: lowest in pitch pine and white pine stands (-0.13 and 0.10\u2009kg\u2009N\u2009ha-1\u200928\u2009day-1), intermediate in scrub oak stands (0.48\u2009kg\u2009N\u2009ha-1\u200928\u2009day-1) and highest in aspen and mixed oak stands (1.34-3.11\u2009kg\u2009N\u2009ha-1\u200928\u2009day-1). Mineralization was more strongly related to present vegetation than to land-use history or soil N content. Appreciable net nitrification was observed only in the most recently abandoned aspen plot (0.82\u2009kg\u2009N\u2009ha-1\u200928\u2009day-1), suggesting that recent disturbance and residual agricultural lime stimulated nitrification. Carbon:nitrogen ratios increased and pH declined with stand age. Higher bulk density, lower loss-on-ignition and C:N ratios, and slightly lower C concentrations in the surface mineral soil are the persistent legacies of agriculture on soil properties. Short-term agricultural use and the low initial C and N concentrations in these sandy soils appear to have resulted in less persistent impacts of agriculture on soil C and N content and N cycling.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "soil-properties", "Forests", "Environmental-Sciences)", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "variation-", "Soil", "Quercus", "soil-nitrogen", "nitrogen-", "cultivation-", "cycling-", "soil-organic-matter", "vegetation-history", "sandy-soils", "soil-carbon", "2. Zero hunger", "7440-44-0: CARBON", "carbon-", "pines-", "Soil-studies", "land-use-history", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "pine-oak-sand-plain", "Chemistry", "North-America", "Nearctic-region)", "Massachusetts", "agricultural-practice", "biomass-production", "trees-", "7727-37-9: Nitrogen", "nitrification-", "United-States", "forests-", "Agricultural ecosystems", "land-use", "Massachusetts- (USA-", "forest-lands", "Nutrient dynamics", "vegetation-type", "USA", "Vegetation", "mineralization-", "15. Life on land", "Pinus", "soil-types", "Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agricultural-land", "ecosystems-"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Campton, Jana E., Boone, Richard D., Motzkin, Glenn, Foster, David R.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050619"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s004420050619", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s004420050619", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s004420050619"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s100210000025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:14:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-07-25", "title": "Controls On Soil Carbon Dioxide And Methane Fluxes In A Variety Of Taiga Forest Stands In Interior Alaska", "description": "CO2 and CH4 fluxes were monitored over 4 years in a range of taiga forests along the Tanana River in interior Alaska. Floodplain alder and white spruce sites and upland birch/aspen and white spruce sites were examined. Each site had control, fertilized, and sawdust amended plots; flux measurements began during the second treatment year. CO2 emissions decreased with successional age across the sites (alder, birch/aspen, and white spruce, in order of succession) regardless of landscape position. Although CO2 fluxes showed an exponential relationship with soil temperature, the response of CO2 production to moisture fit an asymptotic model. Of the manipulations, only N fertilization had an effect on CO2 flux, decreasing flux in the floodplain sites but increasing it in the birch/aspen site. Landscape position was the best predictor of CH4 flux. The two upland sites consumed CH4 at similar rates (approximately 0.5 mg C m\u22122 d\u22121), whereas the floodplain sites had lower consumption rates (0\u20130.3 mg C m\u22122 d\u22121). N fertilization and sawdust both inhibited CH4 consumption in the upland birch/aspen and floodplain spruce sites but not in the upland spruce site. The biological processes driving CO2 fluxes were sensitive to temperature, moisture, and vegetation, whereas CH4 fluxes were sensitive primarily to landscape position and biogeochemical disturbances. Hence, climate change effects on C-gas flux in taiga forest soils will depend on the relationship between soil temperature and moisture and the concomitant changes in soil nutrient pools and cycles.", "keywords": ["landscape-ecology", "Betulaceae-: Dicotyledones-", "flux-", "soil-nutrient-pools", "Coniferopsida-: Gymnospermae-", "Vascular-Plants", "forests-", "Environmental-Sciences)", "carbon-dioxide", "nitrogen-fertilizers", "01 natural sciences", "carbon-dioxide: emissions-", "nitrogen-: fertilization-", "vegetation-", "birch- (Betulaceae-)", "124-38-9: CARBON DIOXIDE", "Spermatophytes-", "Spermatophyta-", "74-82-8: METHANE", "Plantae-", "white-spruce (Coniferopsida-)", "successional-age", "boreal-forests", "environmental-temperature", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "taiga-forest-stands", "Angiosperms-", "Gymnosperms-", "Angiospermae-", "Plants-", "sawdust-", "methane-", "15. Life on land", "North-America", "Nearctic-region)", "floodplains-", "mathematical-models", "13. Climate action", "alder- (Betulaceae-)", "upland-sites", "Alaska- (USA-", "climate-change", "Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-", "7727-37-9: NITROGEN", "Dicots-", "methane-: consumption-", "moisture-", "climatic-change", "temperature-"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s100210000025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s100210000025", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s100210000025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s100210000025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-05-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jnc.2004.10.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-08-18", "title": "Utilisation Of Wadden Sea Salt Marshes By Geese In Relation To Livestock Grazing", "description": "To arctic breeding geese, the salt marshes of the International Wadden Sea are important spring staging areas. Many of these marshes have always been grazed with livestock (mainly cattle and sheep). To evaluate the influence of livestock grazing on composition and structure of salt-marsh communities and its consequences for habitat use by geese, a total of 17 pairs of grazed and ungrazed marshes were visited both in April and May 1999, and the accumulated grazing pressure by geese was estimated using dropping counts. Observed grazing pressure was related to management status and to relevant vegetation parameters. The intensity of livestock grazing influences the vegetation on the marsh. Salt marshes that are not grazed by livestock are characterised by stands with a taller canopy, a lower cover of grasses preferred by geese, and a higher cover of plants that are not preferred. Overall goose-dropping densities are significantly lower in ungrazed marshes compared to marshes grazed by livestock. Some ungrazed marshes had comparatively high goose grazing pressure, and these were all natural marshes on a sandy soil, or artificial mainland marshes with a recent history of intensive livestock grazing. Goose grazing is associated with a short canopy. The plant communities with short canopy, dominated by Agrostis stolonifera, Festuca rubra and Puccinellia maritima, together account for 85% of all goose droppings in our data. The sites that were not visited by geese differed very little from those that were visited, in the parameters we measured. This might indicate that there was no shortage of available habitat for spring staging geese in the Wadden Sea, in the study period.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Hare", "Habitat-use", "Grazing pressure", "Barnacle Goose", "13. Climate action", "Vegetation-succession", "Brent Goose", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2004.10.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20for%20Nature%20Conservation", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jnc.2004.10.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jnc.2004.10.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jnc.2004.10.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "27cfce4408f6f5a4dfc7106d1d78e053", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2025-03-20T14:21:15.669803Z", "type": "Dataset", "language": "en", "title": "Survey data for vascular plants in 240 plots inside and outside a 900 ha area with a deer exclusion fence in Nikko National Park, Japan", "description": "The data file contains 240 rows \u00d7 126 columns.  Forest stands and plot setup:  Study area:  24 forest stands identified (12 larch, 12 oak) in the southern portion of the fenced area. Replicate stands:  Each stand paired with a replicate within 300 m on opposite sides of the fence; stands without replicates within this distance were excluded. Plot establishment: Total plots: 10 circular plots per stand = in total 240 plots (120 inside, 120 outside the fence). Plot size:  Each plot covers 10 m\u00b2, centered on a larch or oak tree. Plot layout:  Plots were placed at least 10 m from other canopy trees (>30 cm DBH) to avoid influences from species other than larch and oak.  Data collection:  Dwarf bamboo:  Average height measured from five random points per plot. Understory vascular plants:  All species, including trees and shrubs <1.3 m tall, recorded. Species cover:  Measured using a modified Braun-Blanquet cover class system with seven cover categories.  Braun -Blanquet scaleCover range (%)Used in calculations (%) r <0.1 + 0.1 \u2013 1 1 1 \u2013 5 2 5 \u2013 25 3 25 \u2013 50  4 50 \u2013 75  5 75 \u2013 100 *For dwarf bamboo, which was very abundant, 100% cover was used for category 5. This did not affect the calculations.   Taxonomic groupings:  Grouped species:         Dwarf bamboos: Sasa spp. (S. kurilensis, S. nipponica, S. palmata, Sasamorpha borealis).         Graminoids: Carex, Juncus, Luzula, Poaceae.         Non-flowering specimens: Rosa, Rubus, Viola (excluding Viola tokubuchiana var. tokubuchiana which was registered separately).         Maple seedlings: Acer spp. (excluding A. rufinerve which was registered separately).         Birch seedlings: Betula (B. platyphylla var. japonica, B. ermanii).         Euonymus species: E. alatus, E. macropterus, E. sieboldianus (excluding vine E. fortunei).  Nomenclature:  Follows Wamei checklist version 1.10 (Yamanouchi 2022) https://gbif.jp/activities/checklist/wamei_checklist_110/", "keywords": ["arters-utbredning", "barrskogar", "bergsskog", "cervidae", "competitive-exclusion", "coniferous-forest", "coniferous-forests", "deer", "deer-moose", "forest-biodiversity", "forest-composition-vegetation-structure", "forest-conservation", "forest-cover", "forest-damage", "forest-dynamics", "forest-ecology", "forest-ecosystem", "forest-floor", "forest-inventory", "forest-protection", "forest-regeneration", "forest-restoration", "forest-structure", "forest-vegetation", "game-fences", "game-management", "habitats-and-biotopes", "hjortdjur", "japan", "ka\u0308rlva\u0308xter", "land-use", "lo\u0308vskogar", "mark", "markanva\u0308ndning", "montane-forest", "mountain-forest", "nature-conservation", "naturskydd", "naturtyper-och-biotoper", "oak-forest", "plant-species-composition", "protected-sites", "se", "skogens-biologiska-ma\u030angfald", "skogens-ekologi", "skogens-ekosystem", "skogsekologi", "skogsfo\u0308rsto\u0308relse", "skogsfo\u0308ryngring", "skogsskydd-(naturskydd)", "skogsskydd-(skogsbruk)", "skogsvegetation", "skyddade-omra\u030aden", "soil", "species-competition", "species-distribution", "species-diversity", "species-interactions", "temperate-broadleaf-and-mixed-forests", "temperate-coniferous-forest", "temperate-deciduous-forest", "temperate-forest", "tempererad-skog", "vascular-plant-species", "vascular-plant-species-abundance", "vascular-plant-species-coverage", "vascular-plants", "viltsta\u0308ngsel", "viltva\u030ard"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Unknown", "roles": ["creator"]}, {"organization": "http://dataportal.se/organisation/SE2021002817", "roles": ["publisher"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/https-doi-org-10-5878-mxtb-y706"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5878/mxtb-y706"}, {"href": "https-doi-org-10-5878-mxtb-y706"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "27cfce4408f6f5a4dfc7106d1d78e053", "name": "item", "description": "27cfce4408f6f5a4dfc7106d1d78e053", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/27cfce4408f6f5a4dfc7106d1d78e053"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=vegetation-&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=vegetation-&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=vegetation-&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=vegetation-&offset=4", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 4, "numberReturned": 4, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-27T20:55:40.653750Z"}