Our findings indicate the importance of paleoclimatic information to improve quantitative predictions of global soil C stocks.
We sampled isolated trees and tree clusters from a blue oak, Quercus douglasii, savanna to determine the spatial heterogeneity of fine root biomass and soil carbon across the landscape as a function of tree size and configuration. We aimed to understand how fine root structure enables sustained ecosystem metabolism through a summer of limited moisture and high heat and facilitates resource acquisition during the short period of high resource supply. An additional goal was to provide a basis for upscaling root biomass and soil carbon to the landscape scale. We sampled trees of different size and tree clusters via a stratified sampling scheme that accounted for spatial heterogeneity in root biomass and soil carbon with lateral distance from the tree bole, or cluster centre, and soil depth. We upscaled these estimates using site\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific information from a lidar survey. We found that fine roots and soil carbon are spatially heterogeneous in their landscape distribution and greatly increase with tree size. We also found that Q.\uffe2\uff80\uff89douglasii possesses a dimorphic fine root architecture, uniquely suited to the region's climatic constraints and exhibits morphological plasticity among trees of different size and physical setting. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
", "keywords": ["upscaling", "0106 biological sciences", "Agricultural", "Ecology", "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Forestry Sciences", "fine root biomass", "Quercus douglasii", "spatial heterogeneity", "Veterinary and Food Sciences", "oak savanna", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "3. Good health", "Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "veterinary and food sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil carbon", "precipitation change", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1508"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecohydrology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/eco.1508", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/eco.1508", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/eco.1508"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2014.02.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:16:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-03-17", "title": "Effect Of Different Nitrogen And Irrigation Treatments On Yield And Nitrate Leaching Of Summer Maize (Zea Mays L.) Under Lysimeter Conditions", "description": "Abstract We examined the effect of different irrigation and nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels on Zea mays L. (maize) on nitrate-nitrogen (NO3 \u2212 -N) leaching under lysimeter conditions. To do so, we used large lysimeters (2.5\u00a0m\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02.5\u00a0m\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02.0\u00a0m deep) at the Maize Technological Innovation Center (MTIC) of the northern China plain (NCP), which is located at Shandong Agriculture University (36\u00b009\u2032N, 117\u00b009\u2032E, 128\u00a0m above sea level) in Taian, China. Our study carried out during 3 cropping seasons (2010\u20132012) where the crop rotation was corn, grown in the summer, followed by wheat in the winter. Nitrogen leaching mainly occurs during maize growth season in maize\u2013wheat rotation system under natural condition. N management of winter wheat has no significant effect on total N of 0\u2013200\u00a0cm soil. So, this paper mainly aimed to investigate the summer maize N losses, to provide the data needed to develop best management practices to improve nitrogen use efficiency with the goal to better protect the ecological environment. Our experiment used two maize varieties (Zhongnong 99 [Z99] and Lainong 14 [L14]), two levels of irrigation (525 and 263\u00a0mm) during the maize growth period, two fertilizer types (urea and manure), and two N fertilization levels (100 and 200\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ), with two experimental replicates. We found that the maximum NO 3 \u2212 -N leaching of maize from the 200-cm soil layer was 77.22\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 for Z99 and 47.86\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 for L14 (200-kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 urea; 525\u00a0mm irrigation). The minimum and maximum seasonal average NO 3 \u2212 -N concentrations at a depth of 200\u00a0cm were 41 and 182\u00a0mg l \u22121 , respectively. Our findings suggest that it may be possible to reduce the amount of NO 3 \u2212 -N leaching from the root zone during the growing season by splitting the application of irrigation and fertilizer treatment according to maize growth stage requirements. With the appropriate combination of irrigation and fertilizer management, levels of NO 3 \u2212 -N leaching during agricultural practices may be minimized.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "land and farm management", "land and farm management not elsewhere classified", "Other agricultural", "veterinary and food sciences", "Agriculture", "Civil engineering", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.02.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2014.02.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2014.02.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.02.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.04.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-09", "title": "Comparative Analysis Of The Microbial Communities In Agricultural Soil Amended With Enhanced Biochars Or Traditional Fertilisers", "description": "(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) No abstract provided.", "keywords": ["570", "anzsrc-for: 07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "bats", "Veterinary and Food Sciences", "anzsrc-for: 16 Studies in Human Society", "Carbon Sequestration Science", "bat", "30 Agricultural", "630", "anzsrc-for: 3004 Crop and Pasture Production", "anzsrc-for: 30 Agricultural", "Chiroptera", "Animalia", "2 Zero Hunger", "Chordata", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil Chemistry (excl. Carbon Sequestration Science)", "anzsrc-for: 44 Human society", "anzsrc-for: 05 Environmental Sciences", "Biodiversity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "3004 Crop and Pasture Production", "6. Clean water", "anzsrc-for: 41 Environmental sciences", "Soil chemistry and soil carbon sequestration (excl. carbon sequestration science)", "Mammalia", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.04.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.04.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.04.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2014.04.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-002-0532-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:14:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-02-13", "title": "Effects Of Nitrogen Fertilization On Soil Nitrogen Pools And Microbial Properties In A Hoop Pine ( Araucaria Cunninghamii ) Plantation In Southeast Queensland, Australia", "description": "A field study was conducted to investigate the effects of N fertilization on soil N pools and associated microbial properties in a 13-year-old hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii) plantation of southeast Queensland, Australia. The treatments included: (1) control (without N application); (2) 300\u00a0kg N ha\u20131 applied as NH4NO3; and (3) 600\u00a0kg N ha\u20131 as NH4NO3. The experiment employed a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Soil samples were taken approximately 5\u00a0years after the N application. The results showed that application of 600\u00a0kg N ha\u20131 significantly increased concentrations of NH4 +-N in 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil compared with the control and application of 300\u00a0kg N ha\u20131. Concentrations of NO3 \u2013-N in soil (both 0\u201310\u00a0cm and 10\u201320\u00a0cm) with an application rate of 600\u00a0kg N ha\u20131 were significantly higher compared with the control. Application of 600\u00a0kg N ha\u20131 significantly increased gross N mineralization and immobilization rates (0\u201310\u00a0cm soil) determined by 15N isotope dilution techniques under anaerobic incubation, compared with the control. However, N application did not significantly affect the concentrations of soil total C and total N. N application appeared to decrease microbial biomass C and N and respiration, and to increase the metabolic quotient (qCO2) in 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil, but these effects were not statistically significant. The lack of statistical significance in these microbial properties between the treatments might have been associated with large spatial variability between the replicate plots at this experimental site. Spatial variability in soil microbial biomass C and N was found to relate to soil moisture, total C and total N.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Biological sciences", "Agricultural", "veterinary and food sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil chemistry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forest soils", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-002-0532-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-002-0532-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-002-0532-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-002-0532-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-010-0487-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-28", "title": "Intermediate Grazing Intensities By Sheep Increase Soil Bacterial Diversities In An Inner Mongolian Steppe", "description": "Ungulate grazing is known to play a crucial role in regulating nutrient cycling and controlling plant community structure and productivity in grassland ecosystems. However, little is known about the effects of grazing intensities on soil bacterial community structure and diversity, particularly at the long-term scale. In this study, we measured plant biomass and diversity, soil characteristics and bacterial community structure, and diversity in a 16-year field experiment that had four grazing intensity treatments (non-grazed, CK; low-intensity grazing (LG), moderate-intensity grazing (MG), and high-intensity grazing (HG)) in an Inner Mongolian typical grassland. The CK, LG, MG, and HG sites were grazed by 0.00, 1.33, 4.00, and 6.67 sheep ha\u22121, respectively. Bacterial community structure and diversity under grazing intensity treatments were assessed with PCR amplification of DNAs extracted from soils and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) separation. The results showed that the CK soil had higher moisture, organic C, NH 4 + \u2013N, and NO 3 \u2212 \u2013N concentrations than grazed soils, and the HG treatment had the lowest plant biomass and diversity across all the treatments. Principal component analysis of DGGE patterns showed that the LG and MG treatments were different from the CK and HG treatments. In addition, soil bacterial diversities in the LG and MG treatments were significantly higher than those in the other treatments. The relationships between environmental variables and soil bacterial community structure were assessed using redundancy analysis, and we found that soil moisture content, Artemisia frigida biomass, and pH were the best indicator of the changes in soil bacterial community structure among all the treatments. Overall, our results indicated that intermediate grazing intensities (LG and MG) increased soil bacterial diversities, and along with previous studies in this area, we suggested the MG treatment was the most suitable management practice in the Inner Mongolian steppe, not only supporting greater livestock amounts but also harboring greater bacterial diversity.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Biological sciences", "Agricultural", "veterinary and food sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Other environmental sciences not elsewhere classified"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-010-0487-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-010-0487-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-010-0487-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-010-0487-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-012-0686-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-24", "title": "Effects Of Warming And Increased Precipitation On Soil Carbon Mineralization In An Inner Mongolian Grassland After 6\u00a0Years Of Treatments", "description": "Understanding the responses of soil C mineralization to climate change is critical for evaluating soil C cycling in future climatic scenarios. Here, we took advantage of a multifactor experiment to investigate the individual and combined effects of experimental warming and increased precipitation on soil C mineralization and 13C and 15N natural abundances at two soil depths (0\u201310 and 10\u201320\u00a0cm) in a semiarid Inner Mongolian grassland since April 2005. For each soil sample, we calculated potentially mineralizable organic C (C 0) from cumulative CO2-C evolved as indicators for labile organic C. The experimental warming significantly decreased soil C mineralization and C 0 at the 10\u201320-cm depth (P\u2009<\u20090.05). Increased precipitation, however, significantly increased soil pH, NO 3 \u2212 -N content, soil C mineralization, and C 0 at the 0\u201310-cm depth and moisture and NO 3 \u2212 -N content at the 10\u201320-cm depth (all P\u2009<\u20090.05), while significantly decreased exchangeable NH 4 + -N content and 13C natural abundances at the two depths (both P\u2009<\u20090.05). There were significant warming and increased precipitation interactions on soil C mineralization and C 0, indicating that multifactor interactions should be taken into account in future climatic scenarios. Significantly negative correlations were found between soil C mineralization, C 0, and 13C natural abundances across the treatments (both P\u2009<\u20090.05), implying more plant-derived C input into the soils under increased precipitation. Overall, our results showed that experimental warming and increased precipitation exerted different influences on soil C mineralization, which may have significant implications for C cycling in response to climate change in semiarid and arid regions.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Biological sciences", "Agricultural", "570", "veterinary and food sciences", "13. Climate action", "Carbon sequestration science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-012-0686-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-012-0686-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-012-0686-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-012-0686-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-015-1081-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-12-01", "title": "Warming Effects On Biomass And Composition Of Microbial Communities And Enzyme Activities Within Soil Aggregates In Subtropical Forest", "description": "This study investigated the effects of warming (about 1 \u00b0C) on the biomass and composition of microbial communities and enzyme activities in soil macroaggregates and microaggregates. We fractionated the bulk soils from the control and warming treatments into large macroaggregates (>2000 \u03bcm), small macroaggregates (250\u20132000 \u03bcm) and microaggregates (<250 \u03bcm) using the optimal moist sieving approach. Warming did not significantly affect soil microbial biomass in all aggregate fractions, but significantly altered the soil microbial community composition in the large macroaggregates. The G+:G\u2212 ratio was significantly higher in the small macroaggregates and microaggregates than that in the large macroaggregates in warmed soils, while the stress ratio was significantly higher in the large and small macroaggregates than that in the microaggregates. Soil warming did not significantly affect \u03b2-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase and N-acetylglucosaminidase activities, but significantly decreased acid phosphomonoesterase activity and increased oxidase activities. Our results suggest that soil microbial community composition in the large macroaggregates might be more sensitive to warming. The differential responses of soil microbial communities and enzyme activities in different aggregate fractions in the warmed soils may have important implications for C cycling in subtropical forest ecosystems.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "Agricultural", "veterinary and food sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Other biological sciences not elsewhere classified", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-015-1081-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-015-1081-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-015-1081-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-015-1081-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-016-1111-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-04-18", "title": "The Impact Of Long-Term Liming On Soil Organic Carbon And Aggregate Stability In Low-Input Acid Soils", "description": "No description supplied", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Biological sciences", "Soil chemistry and soil carbon sequestration (excl. carbon sequestration science)", "Agricultural", " veterinary and food sciences", "FOS: Biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Uncategorized", "Forestry sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Caixian Tang, Peter Sale, Nang Seng Aye,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-016-1111-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-016-1111-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-016-1111-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-016-1111-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-04-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.01.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:16:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-01-25", "title": "Changes in microbial biomass and the metabolic quotient with biochar addition to agricultural soils: A Meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract Biochar has been increasingly recommended for world agriculture, but the effects on microbial activities in agricultural soils has not yet thoroughly assessed. In this study, using a meta-analysis of experiment data retrieved from literature published up to March 1, 2015, changes were examined in microbial biomass and soil respiration in agricultural soils with biochar addition. Microbial responses to biochar addition were quantified in soil respiration quotient (RQ), microbial quotient (MQ) and metabolic quotient ( q CO 2 ) and their differences were evaluated between with and without biochar addition, and among groups of biochar production conditions and experiment conditions. There was an overall increase by 25% in soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and nitrogen (SMBN) but a decrease by 13% in q CO 2 , under biochar compared to the control. Whereas, microbial biomass carbon was increased by 26% but total soil CO 2 production unchanged, across all short term experiments up to 6 months following a single biochar addition. A significant reduction (by q CO 2 was found under crop residue and manure biochars in term of feedstock, and biochars pyrolyzed at high temperature over 500\u00a0\u00b0C in term of pyrolysis temperature. Whereas, the reduction was great (by over 30%) both in clay soils and in neutral soils but moderate (by 15%) in soil organic carbon (SOC) depleted soils, respectively in terms of soil texture, reaction and SOC level. Thus, soil conditions exerted great impacts on microbial metabolic quotient changes compared to biochar conditions. Nevertheless, microbial responses to biochar addition to agricultural soils were much uncertain with respect to both biochar and experiment conditions. Long term field experiments are still deserved to monitor soil microbial processes as long as sustainable soil managements are concerned with biochar technology in agriculture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural", "Science & Technology", "Multidisciplinary", "Ecology", "Human society", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Environmental sciences", "veterinary and food sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.01.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.01.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.01.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2017.01.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.06.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:16:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-06-10", "title": "Effects Of Shade-Tree Species And Spacing On Soil And Leaf Nutrient Concentrations In Cocoa Plantations At 8 Years After Establishment", "description": "Intercropping in agroforestry systems improves ecosystem services. Appropriate species compositions and spacing regimes are critical to achieve ecosystem benefits and improve yields of all the component crops. Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) is an important cash crop globally but it requires shade for survival and growth. However, the effects of shade-tree species composition and spacing regime on nutrient cycling in cocoa plantations are not well understood. This study investigated the effects of shade tree species and spacing regimes on soil and plant nutrient availability at 8 years after plantation establishment in Papua New Guinea. Three cocoa intercropping systems were established in which T. cacao was planted with either a non-legume timber tree, Canarium indicum, or a legume non-timber tree, Gliricidia sepium. The shade-tree spacing regimes included either 8 m \u00d7 16 m or 8 m \u00d7 8 m in the Theobroma + Canarium plantations. There was an ongoing thinning regime in the Theobroma + Gliricidia plantation, with a final shade-tree spacing of 12 m \u00d7 12 m. Soil total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) were significantly higher in the Theobroma + Gliricidia plantation with 12 m \u00d7 12 m spacing and the Theobroma + Canarium plantation with 8 m \u00d7 16 m spacing than in the Theobroma + Canarium plantation with 8 m \u00d7 8 m spacing. Foliar TN and P were correlated with soil TN and P, respectively, whereas no correlation was detected between soil and leaf K concentrations. Foliar TN, P and K were under ideal concentrations for T. cacao in all of the plantations. The Theobroma + Gliricidia plantation had higher soil water extractable phosphorus (P) than the two Theobroma + Canarium plantations, probably due to frequent pruning of the G. sepium trees. Foliar C isotope composition (\u03b413C) of T. cacao suggested that T. cacao close to G. sepium or close to C. indicum with spacing of 8 m \u00d7 16 m and 8 m \u00d7 8 m had similar light interception. However, increased C. indicum spacing increased the light interception of T. cacao trees that were not planted next to C. indicum. This study indicated that non-legume timber trees with an optimized spacing regime can be used as overstorey shade trees for T. cacao. However, our study indicated all three plantations required fertilisation and better nutrient management.", "keywords": ["571", "stable isotopes", "FoR 16 (Studies in Human Society)", "Canarium indicum", "Soil fertility", "Gliricidia sepium", "333", "630", "Papua New Guinea", "veterinary and food sciences", "Stable isotopes", "2. Zero hunger", "Field organic and low chemical input horticulture", "Agricultural", "Science & Technology", "Multidisciplinary", "Ecology", "soil fertility", "FoR 07 (Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences)", "Human society", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Environmental sciences", "260516 Tropical fruit", "gliricidia sepium", "Intercropping", "070501 Agroforestry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "FoR 05 (Environmental Sciences)", "intercropping", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.06.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.06.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.06.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2017.06.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-016-2995-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-26", "title": "Prescribed Fire Alters Foliar Stoichiometry And Nutrient Resorption In The Understorey Of A Subtropical Eucalypt Forest", "description": "Changes to soil nutrient concentrations following vegetation fire may affect biogeochemical cycling and foliar stoichiometry. Phosphorus (P)-limited plant communities are widespread and may be particularly sensitive to fire, but have received relatively little research attention in this context. We measured soil nutrient concentrations, foliar carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and P stoichiometry of understorey plants in a recently, frequently burned eucalyptus forest area in south-east Queensland, Australia, and compared these properties to an adjacent unburned area. Surface soils in the area subjected to relatively recent, frequent prescribed burning had higher P concentrations than those in the adjacent unburned area, although this did not include the \u2018available\u2019 forms of P. All plant species had high foliar N:P ratios, regardless of fire history, consistent with widespread P-limitation. Some species had lower foliar N:P ratios in the burned area, indicating interspecific variation in nutrient requirements and burning responses. The nutrient resorption proficiencies of a grasstree (Xanthorrhoea johnsonii Lee) were lower in the burned area, suggesting that the nutrient cycling of this species was made less conservative by burning. The stoichiometric patterns observed in the responses of plants to prescribed burning highlight the significance of fire in this P-impoverished plant community, and suggest the potential value of stoichiometric approaches in fire ecology.", "keywords": ["580", "Agricultural", "ecological stoichiometry", "Forest meteorology. Forest microclimatology", "FoR 07 (Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences)", "phosphorus limitation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Environmental sciences", "fire ecology", "Biological sciences", "Research. Experimentation", "veterinary and food sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soils. Soil science", "Other environmental sciences not elsewhere classified", "FoR 05 (Environmental Sciences)", "FoR 06 (Biological Sciences)", "forest fire"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-2995-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-016-2995-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-016-2995-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-016-2995-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-07-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-016-3052-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-09-10", "title": "Effects Of Forest Thinning On Soil-Plant Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics", "description": "Corymbia spp. (previously included in the genus Eucalyptus) are common species in sub/tropical Australia and produce high quality timber and round logs. Thinning of native forests helps to preserve native tree species and is more sustainable than replacing native forest stands with mono-species plantations to produce timber. This study aimed to explore the effects of native forest thinning on soil-plant carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics in two experimental sites, Esk (5\u00a0years post-thinning) and Herberton (7\u00a0years post-thinning), situated in Queensland, Australia. The two sites had different thinning regimes. The final stocking rates varied between 75 and 200 stems ha\u22121 at Esk and between 250 and 400 stems ha\u22121 at Herberton. The thinned plots were compared to un-thinned plots. Soil samples were collected to measure labile C and N. Leaf samples were collected from C. variegata and C. citriodora in Esk and Herberton respectively. Thinning did not change soil total C, total N, \u03b415N and inorganic N at either Esk or Herberton. However, at Esk, intensive thinning resulted in decreases in water soluble total N (WSTN). Foliar \u03b413C did not vary with respect to thinning whereas foliar \u03b415N values were more enriched in thinned areas than those of un-thinned plots. The stepwise linear regression indicated that both foliar total N and \u03b415N were explained mainly by soil TN and WSTN. Thinning did not change soil C and N most likely due to the retention of thinned materials on site and their incorporation into soil. Foliar \u03b413C was not thinning-dependent due to homeostatic maintenance of the ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 concentrations during photosynthesis. In our study, soil N was not a limiting factor for foliar N, however, foliar N was mainly driven by WSTN which may foreshadow a possible N limitation in severely thinned plots in the long term. We conclude that forest thinning does not decrease soil C and N availability in native Corymbia forests for several years post-thinning if the thinned materials are retained on site.", "keywords": ["570", "Corymbia spp", "Inorganic nitrogen", "stable isotopes", "veterinary and food sciences", "eucalyptus spp", "Other environmental sciences not elsewhere classified", "FoR 06 (Biological Sciences)", "Stable isotopes", "Farm forestry", "580", "Agricultural", "farm forestry", "FoR 07 (Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences)", "inorganic nitrogen", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "corymbia spp", "Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "Eucalyptus spp", "070501 Agroforestry", "Water soluble total N and C", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "water soluble total N and C", "FoR 05 (Environmental Sciences)"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-3052-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-016-3052-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-016-3052-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-016-3052-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-009-0178-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-26", "title": "Carbon Dynamics In Subtropical Forest Soil: Effects Of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Enrichment And Nitrogen Addition", "description": "The levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) are rapidly increasing. Understanding carbon (C) dynamics in soil is important for assessing the soil C sequestration potential under elevated [CO2]. Nitrogen (N) is often regarded as a limiting factor in the soil C sequestration under future CO2 enrichment environment. However, few studies have been carried out to examine what would happen in the subtropical or tropical areas where the ambient N deposition is high. In this study, we used open-top chambers to study the effect of elevated atmospheric [CO2] alone and together with N addition on the soil C dynamics in the first 4\u00a0years of the treatments applied in southern China. Above- and below-ground C input (tree biomass) into soil, soil respiration, soil organic C, and total N as well as dissolved organic C (DOC) were measured periodically in each of the open-top chambers. Soil samples were collected randomly in each chamber from each of the soil layers (0\u201320, 20\u201340, and 40\u201360\u00a0cm) using a standard soil sampling tube (2.5-cm inside diameter). Soil leachates were collected at the bottom of the chamber below-ground walls in stainless steel boxes. The highest above- and below-ground C input into soil was found in the high CO2 and high N treatment (CN), followed by the only high N treatment (N+), the only high CO2 treatment (C+), and then the control (CK) without any CO2 enrichment or N addition. DOC in the leachates was small for all the treatments. Export of DOC played a minor role in C cycling in our experiment. Generally, soil respiration rate in the chambers followed the order: CN treatment\u2009>\u2009C\u2009+\u2009treatment\u2009>\u2009N\u2009+\u2009treatment\u2009>\u2009the control. Except for the C+ treatment, there were no significant differences in soil total N among the CN treatment, N + treatment, and the control. Overall, soil organic C (SOC) was significantly affected by the treatments (p\u2009 \u2009N\u2009+\u2009treatment\u2009>\u2009C\u2009+\u2009treatment\u2009=\u2009CK treatment. Compared with the control, the higher SOC in the CN and N+ treatment was due to the greater above- and below-ground C input. The increased soil respiration in the C+ treatment led to the lower SOC. Elevated atmospheric [CO2] in the subtropical China accelerated soil C sequestration in this area; however, this increase would still need additional N input. The increased soil C pool was due to the enhanced tree growth. Special climatic condition in this area and the high density of tree planting might further accelerate soil C sequestration in this area.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Earth sciences", "Agricultural", "veterinary and food sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil sciences not elsewhere classified", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-009-0178-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-009-0178-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-009-0178-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-009-0178-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-010-0191-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-03-02", "title": "Soil Soluble Organic Carbon And Nitrogen Pools Under Mono- And Mixed Species Forest Ecosystems In Subtropical China", "description": "Purpose The objective of the present study was to assess the differences in soil total C and N, microbial biomass C and N, soil soluble organic C and N among eight mono- and mixed species forest ecosystems (18-year-old restoration) in subtropical China.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "Earth sciences", "Agricultural", "570", "veterinary and food sciences", "550", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil sciences not elsewhere classified"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-010-0191-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-010-0191-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-010-0191-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-010-0191-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-010-0238-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "title": "Soil Microbial Biomass, Activity And Community Composition In Adjacent Native And Plantation Forests Of Subtropical Australia", "description": "Purpose Soil nitrogen (N) availability is a critical determinant of plantation productivity in subtropical Australia and is influenced by the soil microbial community. The size, structure and function of the soil microbial community can be impacted by land-use change and residue management. The objectives of this study were to examine the impact of land-use change from (1) native forest (NF) to first rotation (1R) hoop pine plantation and (2) 1R hoop pine plantation to second rotation (2R) hoop pine plantation on the soil microbial community. The impact of residue management on the soil microbial community was also investigated in the 2R forest, where soil microbial parameters were measured in tree rows (2R-T) and windrows (2R-W). In addition, relationships between soil microbial parameters and soil N parameters were investigated.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Earth sciences", "Agricultural", "570", "veterinary and food sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil sciences not elsewhere classified", "630"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-010-0238-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-010-0238-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-010-0238-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-010-0238-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-04-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-011-0388-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-06", "description": "Purpose Small but highly bioactive labile carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools are of great importance in controlling terrestrial C and N fluxes, whilst long-term C and N storage is determined by less labile but relatively large sizes of C and N pools. Little information is available about the effects of global warming and grazing on different forms of C and N pools in the Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau of China. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of warming and grazing on the sizes of different soil labile C and N pools and N transformation in this region.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Earth sciences", "Soil chemistry and soil carbon sequestration (excl. carbon sequestration science)", "Agricultural", "Soil biology", "veterinary and food sciences", "13. Climate action", "577", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-011-0388-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-011-0388-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-011-0388-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-011-0388-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-06-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-013-0775-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-09-02", "title": "Hot Water Extractable Phosphorus Pools As Indicators Of Soil P Responses To Harvest Residue Management In An Exotic Pine Plantation Of Subtropical Australia", "description": "Purpose This study evaluated the potential of using hot water extractable phosphorus (P) pools as a method to assess the impacts of harvest residue management on the bioavailability of P in an exotic pine plantation of southeast Queensland, Australia.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "Earth sciences", "Soil chemistry and soil carbon sequestration (excl. carbon sequestration science)", "Agricultural", "veterinary and food sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-013-0775-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-013-0775-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-013-0775-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-013-0775-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-017-1899-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-22", "title": "A meta-analysis and critical evaluation of influencing factors on soil carbon priming following biochar amendment", "description": "Previous studies have found biochar-induced effects on native soil organic carbon (NSOC) decomposition, with a range of positive, negative and no priming reported. However, many uncertainties still exist regarding which parameters drive the amplitude and the direction of the biochar priming. We conducted a quantitative analysis of 1170 groups of data from 27 incubation studies using boosted regression trees (BRTs). BRT is a machine learning method combining regression trees and a boosting algorithm, which can effectively partition independent influences of various factors on the target variable in the complex ecological processes. The BRT model explained a total of 72.4% of the variation in soil carbon (C) priming following biochar amendment, in which incubation conditions (36.5%) and biochar properties (33.7%) explained a larger proportion than soil properties (29.8%). The predictors that substantially accounted for the explained variation included incubation time (27.1%) and soil moisture (5.0%), biochar C/N ratio (6.2%), nitrogen content (5.5%), pyrolysis time during biochar production (5.1%), biochar pH (4.5%), soil C content (5.2%), sand (4.7%) and clay content (4.1%). In contrast, other incubation conditions (temperature, biochar dose, whether nutrient was added), biochar properties (biochar C, feedstock type, ash content, pyrolysis temperature, whether biochar was activated) and soil properties (nitrogen content, silt content, C/N ratio, pH, land use type) had small contribution (each <\u20094%). Positive priming occurred within the first 2\u00a0years of incubations, with a change to negative priming afterwards. The priming was negative for low N biochar or in high-moisture soils but positive on their reverse sides. The size of negative priming increased with rising biochar C/N ratio, pyrolysis time and soil clay content, but deceased with soil C/N ratio. We determine the critical drivers for biochar effect on native soil organic C cycling, which can help us to better predict soil C sequestration following biochar amendment.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural", "550", "1904 Earth-Surface Processes", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Boosted regression tree", "Incubation time", "Native soil organic matter", "Environmental sciences", "Earth sciences", "veterinary and food sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Priming effect", "1913 Stratigraphy", "Pyrogenic organic matter"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-017-1899-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-017-1899-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-017-1899-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-017-1899-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-016-1602-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-11-24", "title": "Plant-Soil Interaction Affects The Mineralization Of Soil Organic Carbon: Evidence From 73-Year-Old Plantations With Three Coniferous Tree Species In Subtropical Australia", "description": "Plantation is an important strategy for forest restoration and carbon (C) storage. Plantations with different tree species could significantly affect soil properties, including soil pH, soil nutrient content, soil microbial activities, and soil dissolved organic C. Changes in these abiotic and biotic factors could regulate mineralization of soil organic C (SOC). However, it remains unclear to what extent these factors affect the mineralization of SOC under different tree species plantations. Soil was collected at 0\u201310\u00a0cm depth from plantations with Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii, Araucaria cunninghamii, and Agathis australis, respectively, in southeast Queensland, Australia. Soil samples were assayed for soil organic C; organic N and mineralization of SOC; soil particle size; total C, N, and P; and pH. In addition, a 42-day laboratory incubation with substrate additions was done to examine the influence of different substrates and their combinations on bio-available organic C. Our results suggested that SOC mineralization was mainly determined by soil pH and soil C content among plantations with different tree species, whereas SOC mineralization was not correlated with soil N and P contents. These results were further confirmed by the substrate addition experiments. SOC mineralization of soils from slash pine showed greater response to C (glucose) addition than soils from other two plantations, which suggested significant differences in SOC mineralization among plantations with different tree species. However, neither N addition nor P addition had significant effects on SOC mineralization. Our results indicated that plantations with different tree species substantially affect the mineralization and stability of soil organic C pool mainly by soil pH and soil C content.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "Earth sciences", "Agricultural", "570", "Soil biology", "veterinary and food sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-016-1602-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-016-1602-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-016-1602-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-016-1602-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:16:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-11", "title": "Interactive Effects Of Precipitation Manipulation And Nitrogen Addition On Soil Properties In California Grassland And Shrubland", "description": "Abstract Soil microbial communities and pools of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) play an important role in ecosystem responses to precipitation variability and N deposition. In southern California, ecosystem vulnerability to these environmental change drivers may differ for grassland versus shrubland vegetation types. We hypothesized that (1) these vegetation types would differ in their responses to precipitation and N manipulation; (2) reduced precipitation (\u201cdrought treatment\u201d) would have a negative effect on soil microbial abundance and alter microbial community composition, (3) these changes would be associated with reductions in soil C and N pools, (4) N addition would increase microbial abundance as well as soil C and N pools, and (5) combined drought and N deposition would have offsetting effects on soil properties. We tested these hypotheses at the Loma Ridge Global Change Experiment in southern California. Across vegetation types, we found that microbial biomass based on phospholipid fatty acids declined with drought and N addition. Microbial composition differed more strongly by vegetation type than with environmental change treatments. Added precipitation had little effect on microbial biomass but reduced labile C and N pools; these reductions were mitigated by N addition. Drought reduced labile forms of soil C and N, whereas N addition increased labile soil C pools and all soil N pools. Negative effects of drought and N addition were additive for microbial biomass, which could inhibit soil C cycling if both of these environmental changes occur together. Drought interacted with N addition to significantly increase the most labile N pool under the drought\u00a0+\u00a0N treatment, which suggests a build-up of available N under these conditions. These results imply that multiple environmental changes may combine non-additively to affect below-ground microorganisms and soil C and N pools, which may have important consequences for ecosystem services such as productivity, biodiversity, and soil quality in Mediterranean climate regimes of North America.", "keywords": ["Veterinary and Food Sciences", "Soil Science", "Microbial communities", "Shrubland", "veterinary and food sciences", "Carbon and nitrogen cycle", "11. Sustainability", "Global change", "2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural", "Drought", "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Ecology", "Forestry Sciences", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)", "6. Clean water", "Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt1p4898qc/qt1p4898qc.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2010.12.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:17:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-18", "title": "Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen Stocks In A Vertisol Following 40 Years Of No-Tillage, Crop Residue Retention And Nitrogen Fertilisation", "description": "Abstract Conservation agricultural practices such as no-till (NT) and crop residue retention (CRR), and nutrient application, increases soil organic C (SOC) and are considered effective measures of C sequestration in soil. However, long-term effects of individual components of conservation agriculture and their interactions on SOC are rarely evaluated; as a result, conflicting findings of these practices on SOC are reported in the literature. We measured SOC and soil total N in a balanced factorial experiment, conducted on a Vertisol, consisting of tillage practices (conventional mechanical tillage, CT; and no-tillage, NT), crop residue management (crop residue burned, CRB; and crop residue retained, CRR) and N fertiliser application (no N, 30\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ; and 90\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ). The site, in a semiarid subtropical region, was cropped with wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) except for 3 years of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), for 40 years using conservation practices. In general, tillage effects on SOC and soil total N were small. Crop residue and N fertiliser interactively increased SOC and total N stocks at 0\u20130.1\u00a0m depth and cumulative stocks at 0\u20130.2\u00a0m and 0\u20130.3\u00a0m depths; that is, CRR increased SOC and soil total N only when N fertiliser was applied, and fertilisation increased SOC and soil total N only under CRR treatment. Depletion of \u03b4 13 C values in CRR treatments and \u03b4 15 N values in N treatments strongly indicated the contribution of crop residue (and root biomass) and N fertiliser to soil organic matter in this Vertisol. From this study and previous findings from this site, it appears, however, the effects of crop residue retention and N fertiliser occurred in early years, and did not continually increase SOC and total soil N with increasing period of conservation practices.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Agricultural", "Nitrogen", "1904 Earth-Surface Processes", "No-till", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "630", "Land capability and soil productivity", "Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "veterinary and food sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "1102 Agronomy and Crop Science", "1111 Soil Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.12.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2010.12.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2010.12.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2010.12.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.02.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-03-15", "title": "Biochar Does Not Affect Soil N-Transformations Or Microbial Community Structure Under Ruminant Urine Patches But Does Alter Relative Proportions Of Nitrogen Cycling Bacteria", "description": "Abstract Nitrogen (N) cycling, especially denitrification, can be significantly altered when biochar is used as a soil conditioner. These alterations in N-cycling have been attributed to a combination of physicochemical change, alterations in microbial community ecology and pervading climatic conditions. This study investigated seasonal bacterial community change over two years in combination with a short-term winter study of N-transformations under bovine urine patches. A silt-loam pastoral soil in Canterbury, New Zealand was amended with either 0, 15 or 30\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 of Pinus radiata biochar (pyrolysed at \u223c450\u00a0\u00b0C) and bovine urine was added to patches within the 0 and 30\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 biochar amended plots (designated as 0\u00a0U and 30\u00a0U treatments, where U indicates \u2018urine\u2019). No discernible differences in bacterial community structure were observed during the two year study or the short term N-transformation study when comparing non-amended and biochar-amended soil. Differences in bacterial community structure were only evident when comparing seasons, with data pertaining to each season from successive years clustering together. During the short-term N-transformation study, bacterial communities formed 3 distinct clusters corresponding to elevated levels of urine derived NH 4 + -N (days 0\u201310), increases in NO 3 \u2212 -N and N 2 O (days 10\u201322) and a decline in NO 3 \u2212 -N and N 2 O (day 20 onward). Biochar amendment did increase the relative abundance of up to 50% of individual operational taxonomic units (OTUs or \u2018species\u2019), including key nitrite oxidisers and nitrate reducers. Biochar amendment did not affect the concentrations of inorganic-N compounds. The nir S (nitrite reductase) gene became elevated in the 30\u00a0U treatment relative to the 0\u00a0U treatment \u223c10 days after the initial urine application. The nos Z (nitrous oxide reductase) gene became elevated in the 30\u00a0U plots during the latter part of the experiment. Conclusions: \u2022 Biochar did not have a significant impact on the microbial community structure in pastoral soil over the course of two years. \u2022 The relative proportion of nitrifiers and denitrifiers increased in biochar amended soils subjected to large influxes of urine derived N. \u2022 Differences in N-transformation dynamics in the presence of biochar during the winter months were not statistically significant.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "N\u2082O emissions", "570", "denitrification", "bovine urine", "silt-loam soil", "ANZSRC::30 Agricultural", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil microbial ecology", "winter", "nitrification", "630", "6. Clean water", "veterinary and food sciences", "T-RFLP", "new generation sequencing", "13. Climate action", "ANZSRC::41 Environmental sciences", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "ANZSRC::44 Human society"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Timothy J. Clough, Kelly Hamonts, Leo M. Condron, Craig Anderson, Craig Anderson,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.02.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.02.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.02.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2014.02.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.05.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:16:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-06-19", "title": "Influence Of Organic And Mineral Amendments On Microbial Soil Properties And Processes", "description": "Abstract Microbial diversity in soils is considered important for maintaining sustainability of agricultural production systems. However, the links between microbial diversity and ecosystem processes are not well understood. This study was designed to gain better understanding of the effects of short-term management practices on the microbial community and how changes in the microbial community affect key soil processes. The effects of different forms of nitrogen (N) on soil biology and N dynamics was determined in two soils with organic and conventional management histories that varied in soil microbial properties but had the same fertility. The soils were amended with equal amounts of N (100\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121) in organic (lupin, Lupinus angustifolius L.) and mineral form (urea), respectively. Over a 91-day period, microbial biomass C and N, dehydrogenase enzyme activity, community structure of pseudomondas (sensu stricto), actinomycetes and \u03b1 proteobacteria (by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) following PCR amplification of 16S rDNA fragments) and N mineralisation were measured. Lupin amendment resulted in a two- to five-fold increase in microbial biomass and enzyme activity, while these parameters did not differ significantly between the urea and control treatments. The PCR\u2013DGGE analysis showed that the addition of mineral and organic compounds had an influence on the microbial community composition in the short term (up to 10 days) but the effects were not sustained over the 91-day incubation period. Microbial community structure was strongly influenced by the presence or lack of substrate, while the type of amendment (organic or mineral) had an effect on microbial biomass size and activity. These findings show that the addition of green manures improved soil biology by increasing microbial biomass and activity irrespective of management history, that no direct relationship existed among microbial structure, enzyme activity and N mineralisation, and that microbial community structure (by PCR\u2013DGGE) was more strongly influenced by inherent soil and environmental factors than by short-term management practices.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "ANZSRC::31 Biological sciences", "nitrogen mineralisation", "urea", "ANZSRC::30 Agricultural", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) green manure", "Marsden::300102 Soil biology", "veterinary and food sciences", "microbial community structure", "13. Climate action", "ANZSRC::41 Environmental sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "DGGE", "organic and conventional farming practices"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.05.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.05.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.05.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.05.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.11.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:16:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-13", "title": "Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Pools And Microbial Properties In A 6-Year-Old Slash Pine Plantation Of Subtropical Australia: Impacts Of Harvest Residue Management", "description": "Abstract Harvest residue management can affect the dynamics of soil carbon (C) and nutrient pools and associated soil microbial processes. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of harvest residue management practices on soil C and nitrogen (N) pools in a slash pine plantation grown on a sandy soil of subtropical Australia. Results showed that harvest residue retention significantly enhanced accumulation of soil total C and N compared with residue removal. The NH 4 + -N was the predominant form of soil mineral N, and there were no significant impacts of residue management practices on concentrations of soil NH 4 + -N measured at the time of sampling. Concentrations of water-soluble and hot water extractable organic C and total N tended to be higher in soil with residue retention compared with residue removal, but this trend was only significant for hot water extractable organic C (HWEOC) in surface soil (0\u201310\u00a0cm). Residue retention also tended to increase soil microbial biomass C and N, but did not significantly affect soil respiration and metabolic quotient ( q CO 2 ). Direct C and N inputs into soil from the residue layer and moderation of the variation of soil moisture and temperature over the seasons by harvest residue cover might have contributed to the accumulation of soil C and N and microbial biomass with the residue retention treatments. The lack of statistically significant differences in some of soil microbial properties (e.g. microbial biomass C, respiration, etc.) might have been related to a large spatial variability among replicate plots at the experimental site.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Biological sciences", "Agricultural", "570", "veterinary and food sciences", "Ecology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Ecological applications"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Chen, CR, Xu, ZH,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.11.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.11.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.11.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.11.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.05.029", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:16:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-06-26", "title": "Long-Term Impacts Of Harvest Residue Management On Nutrition, Growth And Productivity Of An Exotic Pine Plantation Of Sub-Tropical Australia", "description": "Residue retention is an important issue in evaluating the sustainability of production forestry. However, its long-term impacts have not been studied extensively, especially in sub-tropical environments. This study investigated the long-term impact of harvest residue retention on tree nutrition, growth and productivity of a F1 hybrid (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii \u00d7 Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis) exotic pine plantation in sub-tropical Australia, under three harvest residue management regimes: (1) residue removal, RR0; (2) single residue retention, RR1; and (3) double residue retention, RR2. The experiment, established in 1996, is a randomised complete block design with 4 replicates. Tree growth measurements in this study were carried out at ages 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 years, while foliar nutrient analyses were carried out at ages 2, 4, 6 and 10 years. Litter production and litter nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) measurements were carried out quarterly over a 15-month period between ages 9 and 10 years. Results showed that total tree growth was still greater in residue-retained treatments compared to the RR0 treatment. However, mean annual increments of diameter at breast height (MAID) and basal area (MAIB) declined significantly after age 4 years to about 68-78% at age 10 years. Declining foliar N and P concentrations accounted for 62% (p < 0.05) of the variation of growth rates after age 4 years, and foliar N and P concentrations were either marginal or below critical concentrations. In addition, litter production, and litter N and P contents were not significantly different among the treatments. This study suggests that the impact of residue retention on tree nutrition and growth rates might be limited over a longer period, and that the integration of alternative forest management practices is necessary to sustain the benefits of harvest residues until the end of the rotation.", "keywords": ["Sylviculture", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Agricultural", "Ecology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Ecological applications", "Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "veterinary and food sciences", "616", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Forest soils"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.05.029"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.05.029", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.05.029", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.05.029"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2017.10.028", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:16:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-27", "title": "Response of mineral soil carbon storage to harvest residue retention depends on soil texture: A meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract Harvest residue retention or removal can influence soil carbon (C) sequestration during forest management. Many studies have explored the factors that affect the direction and extent of changes in soil C after different harvest residue management practices. However, the effect of soil properties, especially soil texture, on the difference in mineral soil C storage between harvest residue retention and removal treatment are still not fully understood. Using a meta-analysis approach, we investigated the factors that influence the change in mineral soil C stocks following stem-only harvest (SOH), when compared to whole-tree harvest (WTH). We found that the retention of harvest residues associated with the SOH treatment led to 8.2% greater soil C storage in 0\u201320\u202fcm mineral soils, compared to the WTH treatment. Soil properties (soil clay content and C concentrations) were the most important factors mediating soil C response to residue retention. Relative to the WTH treatment, the SOH treatment showed smaller mineral soil C pools in some high clay content soils, possibly by increasing the mineralization of existing soil organic matter stocks via a priming mechanism. Climate was a poor predictor of differences in treatment effects, with no significant difference between temperate and tropical forests. There were no significant relationships between the treatment effect on mineral soil C and mean annual temperature or precipitation. Both coniferous and broadleaf forests exhibited a significantly higher mineral soil C storage in the 0\u201320\u202fcm soil layer with the SOH relative to the WTH treatment. Compared to WTH treatment, the higher soil C contents in upper mineral soils after the SOH treatment appeared to last about one decade after harvesting. The findings of this analysis suggest that soil texture and C concentrations in mineral soils should be considered when assessing the impact of forest harvest residue management on soil C pools.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "veterinary and food sciences", "Soil texture", "Harvesting residues", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Priming effect", "Plantation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.10.028"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2017.10.028", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2017.10.028", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.10.028"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:16:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-19", "title": "Responses Of Soil Respiration To N Fertilization In A Loamy Soil Under Maize Cultivation", "description": "Abstract To understand the effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil respiration in an intensively cultivated fluvo-aquic loamy soil, a field experiment was conducted in the Fengqiu State Key Agro-Ecological Experimental Station, Henan province, China. The experiment consisted of five treatments: unplanted and N-unfertilized soil (CK0), unplanted soil treated with 150\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 (CKNL), maize ( Zea mays L.) planted and N-unfertilized soil (N0), and planted soils fertilized with 150\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 (NL) and 250\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 (NH). Soil CO 2 efflux during the maize growth season was significantly affected by soil temperature and also by soil moisture when the opposite effect of soil moisture below and above the optimum values was distinguished. There was a significant interdependence between soil temperature and soil moisture in the effect on soil CO 2 efflux in the presence of maize plants. A logarithm transformed regression equation including soil temperature ( T ) and soil moisture ( W ) was developed as y \u00a0=\u00a0 a \u00a0+\u00a0 bT log( W ). This equation accounted for 60\u201371% of the seasonal variation in soil CO 2 efflux, which better depicted soil CO 2 efflux than did a regression equation with soil temperature alone in the maize planted soils. Cumulative soil CO 2 emissions in the CK0 and CKNL treatments were estimated as 229\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012 and 245\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017\u00a0g C\u00a0m \u2212\u00a02 , respectively during the experimental period and the application of N fertilizer slightly increased soil basal respiration by 6.5% through enhancing microbial biomass. In contrast, cumulative seasonal soil CO 2 emissions were 7.4% lower in the NL (461\u00a0\u00b1\u00a033\u00a0g C\u00a0m \u2212\u00a02 ) and NH (462\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013\u00a0g C\u00a0m \u2212\u00a02 ) treatments than in the N0 treatment (498\u00a0\u00b1\u00a032\u00a0g C\u00a0m \u2212\u00a02 ), indicating that N fertilization marginally significantly depressed soil respiration ( p \u00a0=\u00a00.06). N application rates, however, did not exhibit any effects. Our results suggest that the effects of N fertilization on soil respiration mainly depended on the concentration of easily decomposed organic carbon in soil and N fertilization possibly reduced soil respiration in the planted soils when N released from the decomposition of native soil organic carbon roughly met the demand for maize growth.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Biological sciences", "Agricultural", "veterinary and food sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil sciences not elsewhere classified", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.04.029", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:16:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-04", "title": "Long-Term Effect Of Chemical Fertilizer, Straw, And Manure On Soil Chemical And Biological Properties In Northwest China", "description": "Abstract A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of long-term (30-year) fertilizer and organic manure treatments on grain yield, soil chemical properties and some microbiological properties of arable soils in Pingliang, Gansu, China. Six treatments were chosen for this work: unfertilized control (CK), nitrogen fertilizer annually (N), nitrogen and phosphorus (P) fertilizers annually (NP), straw plus N added annually and P fertilizer added every second year (NP\u00a0+\u00a0S), farmyard manure added annually (FYM), and farmyard manure plus N and P fertilizers added annually (NP\u00a0+\u00a0FYM). Mean winter wheat yields for the 20\u00a0years ranged from 1.60\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 for the CK treatment to 4.62\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 for the NP+FYM treatment. Maize yields for the 8\u00a0years averaged 3.40 and 7.66\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 in the same treatments. The results showed that there was no interaction between farmyard manure and NP fertilizers. Compared with the CK treatment, the average soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) content were 2.0 and 3.1%, 1.9 and 13.3%, 32.7 and 24.5%, 23.0 and 19.4%, and 39.9 and 27.6% larger, respectively, for N, NP, FYM, NP\u00a0+\u00a0S and NP\u00a0+\u00a0FYM. The N only resulted in not only lowering of pH but also deficient of both P and K in the soil. Soil available K declined rapidly without straw or manure additions. The microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) contents increased with the application of nitrogen and phosphorus inorganic fertilizers. However, there was greater increase of these parameters when organic manure was applied along with inorganic fertilizers. Organic manure application also increased soil dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatases, \u03b2-glucosidasen and urease activity significantly. The results indicated that long-term additions of organic manure have the most beneficial effects on grain yield and soil quality among the investigated types of fertilization.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Biological sciences", "Agricultural", "veterinary and food sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Other environmental sciences not elsewhere classified", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Liu, Enke, Yan, Changrong, Mei, Xurong, He, Wenqing, Bing, So Hwat, Ding, Linping, Liu, Qin, Liu, Shuang, Fan, Tinglu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.04.029"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.04.029", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.04.029", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.04.029"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.04.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:16:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-22", "title": "Soil Extractable Carbon And Nitrogen, Microbial Biomass And Microbial Metabolic Activity In Response To Warming And Increased Precipitation In A Semiarid Inner Mongolian Grassland", "description": "Abstract Few studies have examined the long-term responses of soil labile organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and microbial activities to climate change in semiarid and arid regions. Here we investigated soil extractable organic carbon (EOC) and nitrogen (EON), microbial biomass and microbial metabolic activities at two depths of 0\u201310 and 10\u201320\u00a0cm in response to single and combined effects of warming and increased precipitation in a semiarid grassland of northern China since April 2005. Soil EOC and EON pools were measured using KCl and hot water extractions, and microbial metabolic activities were measured using MicroResp. Results showed that warming had no effects on EOC, EON and microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) in the two extracts as well as the ratio of MBC to MBN at the two depths, but increased precipitation significantly increased MBC, MBN, EON and microbial quotient at the 0\u201310\u00a0cm depth. Warming significantly decreased microbial metabolic activities at both soil depths, but significantly increased microbial metabolic diversity (H) and evenness (E) at the 10\u201320\u00a0cm depth. Increased precipitation significantly decreased microbial metabolic activities, but significantly increased H and E at the two depths. Warming and increased precipitation significantly interacted to affect microbial metabolic activities at the two depths as well as H and E at the 10\u201320\u00a0cm depth. Redundancy analysis determined that microbial quotient, i.e., the ratio of MBC to total C, pH and NH 4 + \u2013N greatly accounted for the variances in the soil microbial metabolic profiles, but the ratio of EOC to EON, moisture and microbial quotient largely accounted for the variances in the soil microbial metabolic profiles specifically at the 10\u201320\u00a0cm depth, implying that microbial physiology such as microbial quotient rather than the amounts of labile organic C and N pools exerted more influence on driving the patterns of microbial metabolic profiles. Our results indicated that soil EOC and EON, microbial biomass and microbial metabolic activities at the two depths differentially responded to warming and increased precipitation in this semiarid region.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural", "570", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental sciences", "Soil chemistry and soil carbon sequestration (excl. carbon sequestration science)", "Biological sciences", "Soil sciences", "veterinary and food sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.04.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.04.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.04.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.04.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.08.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:17:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-19", "title": "Gross Nitrogen Transformations In Adjacent Native And Plantation Forest'S Of Subtropical Australia", "description": "Abstract The impact of land-use change on soil nitrogen (N) transformations was investigated in adjacent native forest (NF), 53\u00a0y-old first rotation (1R) and 5\u00a0y-old second rotation (2R) hoop pine ( Araucaia cunninghamii ) plantations. The 15 N isotope dilution method was used to quantify gross rates of N transformations in aerobic and anaerobic laboratory incubations. Results showed that the land-use change had a significant impact on the soil N transformations. Gross ammonification rates in the aerobic incubation ranged between 0.62 and 1.78\u00a0mg N\u00a0kg \u22121 \u00a0d \u22121 , while gross nitrification rates ranged between 2.1 and 6.6\u00a0mg N\u00a0kg \u22121 \u00a0d \u22121 . Gross ammonification rates were significantly lower in the NF and the 1R soils than in the 2R soils, however gross nitrification rates were significantly higher in the NF soils than in the plantation soils. The greater rates of gross nitrification found in the NF soil compared to the plantation soils, were related to lower soil C:N ratios (i.e. more labile soil N under NF). Nitrification was found to be the dominant soil N transformation process in the contrasting forest ecosystems. This might be attributed to certain site conditions which may favour the nitrifying community, such as the dry climate and tree species. There was some evidence to suggest that heterotrophic nitrifiers may undertake a significant portion of nitrification.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "Agricultural", "Soil sciences", "veterinary and food sciences", "550", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.08.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.08.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.08.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.08.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-11", "title": "The Impact Of 14 Years Of Conventional And No-Till Cultivation On The Physical Properties And Crop Yields Of A Loam Soil At Grafton Nsw, Australia", "description": "Abstract The impact of 14 years of continuous conventional (CT) or no-till (NT) cultivation on surface soil structure and crop yields was examined on a weakly structured silty loam soil at Grafton in N.S.W. The annual soybean yields of the NT treatme between 1981 and 1985 were consistently less than or equal to those resulting from CT with an average of 2.46\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 and 2.82\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121, respectively, for the two treatments. However, CT was unable to sustain the greater yield, and from 1987 onwards the yields of the NT treatments have typically been greater than those of the CT with averages of 2.14\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 and 1.67\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121, respectively. During the earlier years of the trial, soil porosity and crop yields were not greatly affected by the different tillage techniques. During later years and at the end of the trial, however, soil porosity and structural stability were greater under NT. Increased soil macroporosity (saturated water content of 0.61 for NT vs 0.40 for CT) and structural stability (dispersed silt\u00a0+\u00a0clay contents of 10% for NT vs 30% for CT) under long term no-till cultivation were consistent with higher saturated hydraulic conductivity (189 for NT vs 23\u00a0mm\u00a0h\u22121 for CT), higher infiltration and lower run-off under rainfall, increased plant available water (12.5% for NT vs 10.5% for CT), water use efficiency, and crop yields. The improvement in soil structure observed under NT is associated with the significant increase in surface soil organic carbon contents (3.37% for NT vs 1.67% for CT) and is shown to be the major contributor to the sustained improvement of crop yields.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil chemistry and soil carbon sequestration (excl. carbon sequestration science)", "Biological sciences", "Agricultural", "veterinary and food sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "So, HB, Grabski, A, Desborough, P,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.10.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.10.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859609990463", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-11-20", "title": "Effects Of No-Tillage Management On Soil Biochemical Characteristics In Northern China", "description": "SUMMARYField experiments (15 years) were carried out to study the effects of no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) management practices on the soil chemical properties, microbial biomass, soil enzymatic activities and winter wheat yield on a cinnamon soil in Shanxi, on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Compared to CT, NT increased soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen and soil total phosphorus in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff93100 mm layer by 25, 18 and 7%, respectively. Microbial biomass C and N contents under NT were 41 and 57% greater than under CT on the same layer. In general, higher enzymatic activities were found in the more superficial layers of soil under NT than under CT in the same layer. Winter wheat yield wasc. 20% higher under NT than under CT. These findings have implications for understanding how conservation tillage practices improve soil quality and sustainability in the rainfed dryland farming areas of northern China.
", "keywords": ["Agricultural land management", "2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural", "veterinary and food sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Liu, EK, Zhao, BQ, Mei, XR, So, HB, Li, J, Li, XY,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859609990463"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859609990463", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859609990463", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859609990463"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-11-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1004712401721", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:18:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-12-21", "description": "Selected chemical, biochemical and biological properties of mineral soil (0\u201330 cm) were measured under a 19 year old forest stand (mixture of Pinus ponderosa and Pinus nigra) and adjacent unimproved grassland at a site in South Island, New Zealand. The effects of afforestation on soil properties were confined to the 0\u201310 cm layer, which reflected the distribution of fine roots (< 2 mm) in the soil profile. Concentrations of organic C, total N and P and all organic forms of P were lower under the forest stand, while concentrations of inorganic P were higher under forest compared with grassland, supporting the previously described suggestion that afforestation may promote mineralisation of soil organic matter and organic P. On the other hand, microbial biomass C and P, soil respiration and phosphatase enzyme activity were currently all lower and the metabolic quotient was higher in soil under forest compared with grassland, which is inconsistent with increased mineralisation in the forest soil. Reduced biological fertility by afforestation may be mainly attributed to changes in the quantity, quality and distribution of organic matter, and reduction in pH of the forest soil compared with the grassland soil. We hypothesize that the lower levels of C, N and organic P found in soil under forest are due to enhanced microbial and phosphatase activity during the earlier stages of forest development. Forest floor material (L and F layer) contained large amounts of C, N and P, together with high levels of microbial and phosphatase enzyme activity. Thus, the forest floor may be an important source of nutrients for plant growth and balance the apparent reduction in C, N and P in mineral soil through mineralisation and plant uptake.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "Agricultural", "veterinary and food sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Chen, CR, Condron, LM, Davis, MR, Sherlock, RR,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1004712401721"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1004712401721", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1004712401721", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1004712401721"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41467-019-11472-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:18:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-02", "title": "Global ecological predictors of the soil priming effect", "description": "AbstractIdentifying the global drivers of soil priming is essential to understanding C cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. We conducted a survey of soils across 86 globally-distributed locations, spanning a wide range of climates, biotic communities, and soil conditions, and evaluated the apparent soil priming effect using13C-glucose labeling. Here we show that the magnitude of the positive apparent priming effect (increase in CO2release through accelerated microbial biomass turnover) was negatively associated with SOC content and microbial respiration rates. Our statistical modeling suggests that apparent priming effects tend to be negative in more mesic sites associated with higher SOC contents. In contrast, a single-input of labile C causes positive apparent priming effects in more arid locations with low SOC contents. Our results provide solid evidence that SOC content plays a critical role in regulating apparent priming effects, with important implications for the improvement of C cycling models under global change scenarios.The importance of soil age as an ecosystem driver across biomes remains largely unresolved. By combining a cross-biome global field survey, including data for 32 soil, plant, and microbial properties in 16 soil chronosequences, with a global meta-analysis, we show that soil age is a significant ecosystem driver, but only accounts for a relatively small proportion of the cross-biome variation in multiple ecosystem properties. Parent material, climate, vegetation and topography predict, collectively, 24 times more variation in ecosystem properties than soil age alone. Soil age is an important local-scale ecosystem driver; however, environmental context, rather than soil age, determines the rates and trajectories of ecosystem development in structure and function across biomes. Our work provides insights into the natural history of terrestrial ecosystems. We propose that, regardless of soil age, changes in the environmental context, such as those associated with global climatic and land-use changes, will have important long-term impacts on the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems across biomes.Soil is the largest terrestrial reservoir of organic carbon and is central for climate change mitigation and carbon-climate feedbacks. Chemical and physical associations of soil carbon with minerals play a critical role in carbon storage, but the amount and global capacity for storage in this form remain unquantified. Here, we produce spatially-resolved global estimates of mineral-associated organic carbon stocks and carbon-storage capacity by analyzing 1144 globally-distributed soil profiles. We show that current stocks total 899 Pg C to a depth of 1\uffe2\uff80\uff89m in non-permafrost mineral soils. Although this constitutes 66% and 70% of soil carbon in surface and deeper layers, respectively, it is only 42% and 21% of the mineralogical capacity. Regions under agricultural management and deeper soil layers show the largest undersaturation of mineral-associated carbon. Critically, the degree of undersaturation indicates sequestration efficiency over years to decades. We show that, across 103 carbon-accrual measurements spanning management interventions globally, soils furthest from their mineralogical capacity are more effective at accruing carbon; sequestration rates average 3-times higher in soils at one tenth of their capacity compared to soils at one half of their capacity. Our findings provide insights into the world\uffe2\uff80\uff99s soils, their capacity to store carbon, and priority regions and actions for soil carbon management.Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) affects the fate and storage of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems, but its global importance remains uncertain. Accurately modeling and predicting CUE on a global scale is challenging due to inconsistencies in measurement techniques and the complex interactions of climatic, edaphic, and biological factors across scales. The link between microbial CUE and soil organic carbon relies on the stabilization of microbial necromass within soil aggregates or its association with minerals, necessitating an integration of microbial and stabilization processes in modeling approaches. In this perspective, we propose a comprehensive framework that integrates diverse data sources, ranging from genomic information to traditional soil carbon assessments, to refine carbon cycle models by incorporating variations in CUE, thereby enhancing our understanding of the microbial contribution to carbon cycling.Soils store more carbon than other terrestrial ecosystems1,2. How soil organic carbon (SOC) forms and persists remains uncertain1,3, which makes it challenging to understand how it will respond to climatic change3,4. It has been suggested that soil microorganisms play an important role in SOC formation, preservation and loss5\uffe2\uff80\uff937. Although microorganisms affect the accumulation and loss of soil organic matter through many pathways4,6,8\uffe2\uff80\uff9311, microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) is an integrative metric that can capture the balance of these processes12,13. Although CUE has the potential to act as a predictor of variation in SOC storage, the role of CUE in SOC persistence remains unresolved7,14,15. Here we examine the relationship between CUE and the preservation of SOC, and interactions with climate, vegetation and edaphic properties, using a combination of global-scale datasets, a microbial-process explicit model, data assimilation, deep learning and meta-analysis. We find that CUE is at least four times as important as other evaluated factors, such as carbon input, decomposition or vertical transport, in determining SOC storage and its spatial variation across the globe. In addition, CUE shows a positive correlation with SOC content. Our findings point to microbial CUE as a major determinant of global SOC storage. Understanding the microbial processes underlying CUE and their environmental dependence may help the prediction of SOC feedback to a changing climate. Our findings indicate the importance of paleoclimatic information to improve quantitative predictions of global soil C stocks.
Humans have, and always have had, a major impact on wildfire activity, which is expected to increase in our warming world. Andela et al. use satellite data to show that, unexpectedly, global burned area declined by \uffe2\uff88\uffbc25% over the past 18 years, despite the influence of climate. The decrease has been largest in savannas and grasslands because of agricultural expansion and intensification. The decline of burned area has consequences for predictions of future changes to the atmosphere, vegetation, and the terrestrial carbon sink.
Science , this issue p. 1356
", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "Satellite Imagery", "Carbon Sequestration", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "550", "General Science & Technology", "Climate", "Veterinary and Food Sciences", "Fires", "Theoretical", "Models", "11. Sustainability", "Human Activities", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "Ecosystem", "Agricultural", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "ddc:550", "Forestry Sciences", "Agriculture", "Models", " Theoretical", "15. Life on land", "Earth sciences", "13. Climate action", "Ecological Applications", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt6v95t473/qt6v95t473.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt6b42q71s/qt6b42q71s.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal4108"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/science.aal4108", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/science.aal4108", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/science.aal4108"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-06-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pbio.3002127", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:20:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-05-18", "title": "A glycan receptor kinase facilitates intracellular accommodation of arbuscular mycorrhiza and symbiotic rhizobia in the legume Lotus japonicus", "description": "Receptors that distinguish the multitude of microbes surrounding plants in the environment enable dynamic responses to the biotic and abiotic conditions encountered. In this study, we identify and characterise a glycan receptor kinase, EPR3a, closely related to the exopolysaccharide receptor EPR3. Epr3a is up-regulated in roots colonised by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and is able to bind glucans with a branching pattern characteristic of surface-exposed fungal glucans. Expression studies with cellular resolution show localised activation of the Epr3a promoter in cortical root cells containing arbuscules. Fungal infection and intracellular arbuscule formation are reduced in epr3a mutants. In vitro, the EPR3a ectodomain binds cell wall glucans in affinity gel electrophoresis assays. In microscale thermophoresis (MST) assays, rhizobial exopolysaccharide binding is detected with affinities comparable to those observed for EPR3, and both EPR3a and EPR3 bind a well-defined \uffce\uffb2-1,3/\uffce\uffb2-1,6 decasaccharide derived from exopolysaccharides of endophytic and pathogenic fungi. Both EPR3a and EPR3 function in the intracellular accommodation of microbes. However, contrasting expression patterns and divergent ligand affinities result in distinct functions in AM colonisation and rhizobial infection in Lotus japonicus. The presence of Epr3a and Epr3 genes in both eudicot and monocot plant genomes suggest a conserved function of these receptor kinases in glycan perception.Soil C dynamics are not only important to both productivity and sustainability of terrestrial ecosystems, but also contribute significantly to global C cycling. Adjacent natural forest (NF), and first (1R) and second rotation (2R) hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex A. Cunn.) plantations in southeast Queensland, Australia, were selected to investigate the effects of conversion of NF to hoop pine plantations and forest management (harvesting and site preparation of plantation) on the size and the nature of C pools in surface (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm) soils using chemical extraction, laboratory incubation and 13C cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90polarization with magic\uffe2\uff80\uff90angle\uffe2\uff80\uff90spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C CPMAS NMR). Conversion from NF to hoop pine plantations not only led to the reduction of soil total C (by 19.8%), water\uffe2\uff80\uff90soluble organic C (WSOC) (by 17.7%), CaCl2\uffe2\uff80\uff93extractable organic C (by 38.8%), and hot water\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable organic C (HWEOC) (by 30.9%) and bioavailability of soil C (as determined by CO2 evolved in the incubation), but also to a change in chemical composition of soil C with lower O\uffe2\uff80\uff90alkyl C and higher alkyl C under the 1R plantation compared with NF. Harvesting and site preparation did not significantly affect total soil C and most labile C pools (except for a decrease in WSOC), but led to a lower signal intensity in the alkyl C spectral region and a decreased alkyl C/O\uffe2\uff80\uff90alkyl C (A/O\uffe2\uff80\uff90A) ratio in the soil under the 2R compared with the 1R plantation. The shifts in the amount and nature of soil C following forest conversion may be attributed to changes in litter inputs, microbial diversity and activity, and the disturbance of soil during harvesting and site preparation.
", "keywords": ["Forestry management", "Agricultural", "570", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil conservation and protection", "Environmental sciences", "Research. Experimentation", "Biological sciences", "veterinary and food sciences", "Conservation and protection", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soils. Soil science", "Queensland"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2004.2820"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2004.2820", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2004.2820", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2004.2820"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/essd-2024-218", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:22:37Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2024-06-13", "title": "State of Wildfires 2023\u201324", "description": "Abstract. Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of wildfires globally, with significant impacts on society and the environment. However, our understanding of the global distribution of extreme fires remains skewed, primarily influenced by media coverage and regional research concentration. This inaugural State of Wildfires report systematically analyses fire activity worldwide, identifying extreme events from the March 2023\u2013February 2024 fire season. We assess the causes, predictability, and attribution of these events to climate change and land use, and forecast future risks under different climate scenarios. During the 2023\u201324 fire season, 3.9 million km2 burned globally, slightly below the average of previous seasons, but fire carbon (C) emissions were 16 % above average, totaling 2.4 Pg C. This was driven by record emissions in Canadian boreal forests (over 9 times the average) and dampened by reduced activity in African savannahs. Notable events included record-breaking wildfire extent and emissions in Canada, the largest recorded wildfire in the European Union (Greece), drought-driven fires in western Amazonia and northern parts of South America, and deadly fires in Hawai\u2019i (100 deaths) and Chile (131 deaths). Over 232,000 people were evacuated in Canada alone, highlighting the severity of human impact. Our analyses revealed that multiple drivers were needed to cause areas of extreme fire activity. In Canada and Greece a combination of high fire weather and an abundance of dry fuels increased the probability of fires by 4.5-fold and 1.9\u20134.1-fold, respectively, whereas fuel load and direct human suppression often modulated areas with anomalous burned area. The fire season in Canada was predictable three months in advance based on the fire weather index, whereas events in Greece and Amazonia had shorter predictability horizons. Formal attribution analyses indicated that the probability of extreme events has increased significantly due to anthropogenic climate change, with a 2.9\u20133.6-fold increase in likelihood of high fire weather in Canada and a 20.0\u201328.5-fold increase in Amazonia. By the end of the century, events of similar magnitude are projected to occur 2.22\u20139.58 times more frequently in Canada under high emission scenarios. Without mitigation, regions like Western Amazonia could see up to a 2.9-fold increase in extreme fire events. For the 2024\u201325 fire season, seasonal forecasts highlight moderate positive anomalies in fire weather for parts of western Canada and South America, but no clear signal for extreme anomalies is present in the forecast. This report represents our first annual effort to catalogue extreme wildfire events, explain their occurrence, and predict future risks. By consolidating state-of-the-art wildfire science and delivering key insights relevant to policymakers, disaster management services, firefighting agencies, and land managers, we aim to enhance society\u2019s resilience to wildfires and promote advances in preparedness, mitigation, and adaptation.
Low\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature pyrolysis of biomass produces a product known as biochar The incorporation of this material into the soil has been advocated as a C sequestration method. Biochar also has the potential to influence the soil N cycle by altering nitrification rates and by adsorbing or NH3 Biochar can be incorporated into the soil during renovation of intensively managed pasture soils. These managed pastures are a significant source of N2O, a greenhouse gas, produced in ruminant urine patches. We hypothesized that biochar effects on the N cycle could reduce the soil inorganic\uffe2\uff80\uff90N pool available for N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90producing mechanisms. A laboratory study was performed to examine the effect of biochar incorporation into soil (20 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) on N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N and NH3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N fluxes, and inorganic\uffe2\uff80\uff90N transformations, following the application of bovine urine (760 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Treatments included controls (soil only and soil plus biochar), and two urine treatments (soil plus urine and soil plus biochar plus urine). Fluxes of N2O from the biochar plus urine treatment were generally higher than from urine alone during the first 30 d, but after 50 d there was no significant difference (P = 0.11) in terms of cumulative N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N emitted as a percentage of the urine N applied during the 53\uffe2\uff80\uff90d period; however, NH3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N fluxes were enhanced by approximately 3% of the N applied in the biochar plus urine treatment compared with the urine\uffe2\uff80\uff90only treatment after 17 d. Soil inorganic\uffe2\uff80\uff90N pools differed between treatments, with higher concentrations in the presence of biochar, indicative of lower rates of nitrification. The inorganic\uffe2\uff80\uff90N pool available for N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90producing mechanisms was not reduced, however, by adding biochar.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "bovine urine", "550", "ANZSRC::31 Biological sciences", "soil nitrogen", "ANZSRC::30 Agricultural", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "veterinary and food sciences", "Marsden::300103 Soil chemistry", "13. Climate action", "ANZSRC::41 Environmental sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0185"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0185", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0185", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2009.0185"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10182/16842", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:25:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-05-18", "title": "A glycan receptor kinase facilitates intracellular accommodation of arbuscular mycorrhiza and symbiotic rhizobia in the legume Lotus japonicus", "description": "Receptors that distinguish the multitude of microbes surrounding plants in the environment enable dynamic responses to the biotic and abiotic conditions encountered. In this study, we identify and characterise a glycan receptor kinase, EPR3a, closely related to the exopolysaccharide receptor EPR3. Epr3a is up-regulated in roots colonised by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and is able to bind glucans with a branching pattern characteristic of surface-exposed fungal glucans. Expression studies with cellular resolution show localised activation of the Epr3a promoter in cortical root cells containing arbuscules. Fungal infection and intracellular arbuscule formation are reduced in epr3a mutants. In vitro, the EPR3a ectodomain binds cell wall glucans in affinity gel electrophoresis assays. In microscale thermophoresis (MST) assays, rhizobial exopolysaccharide binding is detected with affinities comparable to those observed for EPR3, and both EPR3a and EPR3 bind a well-defined \uffce\uffb2-1,3/\uffce\uffb2-1,6 decasaccharide derived from exopolysaccharides of endophytic and pathogenic fungi. Both EPR3a and EPR3 function in the intracellular accommodation of microbes. However, contrasting expression patterns and divergent ligand affinities result in distinct functions in AM colonisation and rhizobial infection in Lotus japonicus. The presence of Epr3a and Epr3 genes in both eudicot and monocot plant genomes suggest a conserved function of these receptor kinases in glycan perception.