{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.jembe.2006.11.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-17T16:16:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-02", "title": "Effects Of Temperature And Nitrate On Phosphomonoesterase Activities Between Carbon Source And Sink Tissues In Zostera Marina L.", "description": "Inorganic phosphorus (P;) is important in the regulation of many carbon and nitrogen metabolic processes of plants. In this study, we examined alterations of phosphomonoesterase activity (PA; both alkaline and acid) in a submersed marine angiosperm, Zostera marina, grown in P i non-limiting conditions under elevated temperature and/or nitrate enrichment. Control plants (ambient water-column NO 3 <2.5 \u03bcM, with weekly mean water temperatures between 26.5-27.0 \u00b0C based on a 20-yr data set in a local embayment) were compared to treated plants that were exposed to increased water-column nitrate (8 \u03bcM NO 3 above ambient, pulsed daily at 0900 h), and/or increased temperature (ca. 3 \u00b0C above weekly means) over eight weeks in late summer-fall. Under both nitrate regimes, increased temperature resulted in periodic increased leaf and root-rhizome tissue carbon content, and increased acid and alkaline PA activities (AcPAs and AlPAs, respectively). There was a positive correlation between A1PA and AcPA activities and sucrose synthase activities in belowground structures, and a negative correlation between A1PA activities and sucrose concentrations. There were also periodic changes in PA partitioning between carbon source and sink tissues. In high-temperature and high-nitrate treatments, AcPAs significantly increased in leaves relative to activities in root-rhizome tissues (up to 12-fold higher in aboveground than belowground tissues in as little as 3 weeks after initiation of treatments). These responses were not observed in control plants, which maintained comparable AcPA activities in above- and belowground tissues. In addition, A1PA activity was significantly higher in leaf than in root-rhizome tissues of plants in high-temperature (weeks 3 and 6) and high temperature combined with high nitrate treatments (week 8), relative to A1PA activities in control plants. The observed changes in PAs were not related to P, growth limitation, and may allow Z. marina to alter its carbon metabolism during periods of increased carbon demand/mobilization. This response would make it possible for Z. marina to meet short-term P requirements to maximize carbon production/allocation. Such a mechanism could help to explain the variability in PA activities that has been observed for many plant species during periods when environmental P i exceeds requirements for optimal growth.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "JoAnn M. Burkholder, Brant W. Touchette,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.11.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Experimental%20Marine%20Biology%20and%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jembe.2006.11.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jembe.2006.11.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.11.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170593", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-17T16:16:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-02-01", "title": "Science of the Total Environment", "description": "Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data derived from satellites is crucial for estimating spatially-resolved PM concentrations, but existing AOD data over land remain affected by several limitations (e.g., data gaps, coarser resolution, higher uncertainty or lack of size fraction data), which weakens the AOD-PM relationship. We developed a 0.1\u00b0 resolution daily AOD data set over Europe over the period 2003-2020, based on two-stage Quantile Machine Learning (QML) frameworks. Our approach first fills gaps in satellite AOD data and then constructs three components' models to obtain reliable full-coverage AOD along with Fine-mode AOD (fAOD) and Coarse-mode AOD (cAOD). These models are based on AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) observations, Gap-filled satellite AOD, climate and atmospheric composition reanalyses. Our QML AOD products exhibit better quality with an out-of-sample R2 equal to 0.68 for AOD, 0.66 for fAOD and 0.65 for cAOD, which is 23-92\u00a0%, 11-13\u00a0% and 115-132\u00a0% higher than the corresponding satellite or reanalysis products, respectively. Over 91.6\u00a0%, 81.6\u00a0%, and 88.9\u00a0% of QML AOD, fAOD and cAOD predictions fall within \u00b120\u00a0% Expected Error (EE) envelopes, respectively. Previous studies reported that a weak satellite AOD-PM correlation across Europe (Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) around 0.1). Our QML products exhibit higher correlations with ground-level PMs, particularly when broadly matched by size: AOD with PM10, fAOD with PM2.5, cAOD with PM coarse (R\u00a0=\u00a00.41, 0.45 and 0.26, respectively). Different AOD fractions more effectively distinct PM size fractions, than total AOD. Our QML aerosol dataset and models pioneer full-coverage, daily high-resolution monitoring of fine-mode and coarse-mode aerosols, effectively addressing existing AOD challenges for further PMs exposures' estimations. This dataset opens avenues for more in-depth exploration of the impacts of aerosols on human health, climate, visibility, and biogeochemical processes, offering valuable insights for air quality management and environmental health risk assessment.", "keywords": ["cAOD", "Satellite", "13. Climate action", "Simulaci\u00f3 per ordinador", "11. Sustainability", "fAOD", "Aerosol Optical Depth", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament hum\u00e0 i sostenible::Degradaci\u00f3 ambiental::Contaminaci\u00f3 atmosf\u00e8rica", "14. Life underwater", "Atmospheric aerosols", "Particulate matter", "Aerosol", "3. Good health"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170593"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170593", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170593", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170593"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-17T16:16:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-22", "title": "A review of threats to groundwater quality in the anthropocene", "description": "Awareness concerning sustainable groundwater consumption under the context of land use and climate change is gaining traction, raising the bar for adequate understanding of the complexities of natural and anthropogenic processes and how they affect groundwater quality. The heterogeneous characteristics of aquifers have hampered comprehensive source, transport and contaminant identification. As questions remain about the behavior and prediction of well-known groundwater contaminants, new concerns around emerging contaminants are on the increase. This review highlights some of the key contaminants that originate from anthropogenic activities, organized based on land use categories namely agricultural, urban and industrial. It further highlights the extensive overlap, in terms of both provenance as well as contaminant type, between the different land use sectors. A selection of case studies from literature that describe the continued concern of established contaminants, as well as new and emerging compounds, are presented to illustrate the many qualitative threats to global groundwater resources. In some cases, the risk of groundwater contamination lacks adequate gravity, while in others the underlying physical and societal processes are not fully understood and activities may commence without adequately considering potential impacts. In the agricultural context, the historic and current application of fertilizers and plant protectants, use of veterinary pharmaceuticals and hormones, strives to safeguard the growing food demands. In the context of a sprawling urban environment, waste, human pharmaceuticals, and urban pesticide outputs are increasing, with adequate runoff and sanitation infrastructure often lagging. Finally, industrial activities are associated with accidental leaks and spills, while the large-scale storage of industrial byproducts has led to legacy contaminants such as those stemming from raw mineral extraction. With this review paper, we aim to underscore the need for transdisciplinary research, along with transboundary communication, using sound science and adaptive policy and management practice in order to procure sustainable groundwater quality.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.036", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-17T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-09", "title": "Microbial Degradation Of Hydrolysable And Condensed Tannin Polyphenol-Protein Complexes In Soils From Different Land-Use Histories", "description": "Abstract Polyphenols are capable of binding to proteins and form polyphenol\u2013protein complexes thus reducing the release of N from decomposing plant materials. The objective of this work was to test if under polyphenol-rich vegetations adapted microbial communities had developed capable of breaking down recalcitrant polyphenol\u2013protein complexes. Soils used for this investigation were from different 10-year-old tropical agricultural systems (maize, sugarcane plots and Gliricidia sepium or Peltophorum dasyrrachis woodlots) and natural systems (secondary forest and Imperata cylindrica grassland). TA (tannic acid, hydrolysable tannin), QUE (quebracho, condensed tannin), BSA (bovine serum albumin, protein) or TA/BSA and QUE/BSA polyphenol\u2013protein complexes were incubated at 28\u00a0\u00b0C in these soils. CO2-C and 13C evolution were periodically monitored and mineral N release, microbial biomass N and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles measured at the end. QUE was able to bind about 25% more protein than TA. In all systems the individual uncomplexed substrates were more easily degraded than the complexes. On average, net cumulative CO2-C evolution from TA/BSA complexes was more than 5 times higher than from QUE/BSA complexes, indicating higher C availability and/or lower protection capability of TA compared to QUE. However, net N release was higher from QUE/BSA than from TA/BSA probably due to their higher protein-binding capacity and associated larger degradation of partly unprotected protein as suggested by 13C-CO2 signatures. Microbial respiration patterns indicated that polyphenol complexes were initially degraded more quickly in the maize cropping system than in soils from under polyphenol-rich communities (Peltophorum and natural forest) but this pattern reversed with time. Long-term incubation of QUE/BSA complexes even caused a negative effect on microbial respiration in agricultural soils with low polyphenol contents (e.g. maize and sugarcane). Incubation of polyphenol complexes in soil depressed microbial biomass N in maize, sugarcane, Imperata and forest systems and led to reduced soil pH. However, microbial biomass was increased under the polyphenol-rich vegetation of Peltophorum. The PLFA group 18:2w6,9 was highly enhanced by condensed tannin\u2013protein complexes additions as compared to control and hydrolysable polyphenol\u2013protein complexes in soils with high polyphenol contents. Polyphenol complexes increased the fungi:bacteria ratio in systems with a high polyphenol content, particularly with condensed tannin complexes. The results indicated that systems with a high polyphenol content favoured development of fungal communities that are highly adaptable to phenol-rich soil conditions and high acidity, particularly with regards to the more recalcitrant condensed tannin\u2013protein complexes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.036"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.036", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.036", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.036"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-17T16:17:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-22", "title": "Effect of fertilization on soil microorganisms in paddy rice systems - A meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract Soil microorganisms are considered a sensitive indicator of soil health and quality. In cropping systems, soil microorganisms are strongly affected by crop management, including the application of fertilizers. While studies in natural ecosystems have generally found that increased nitrogen (N) inputs decrease microbial biomass, microorganisms in soils under upland crops often benefit from mineral fertilizer input. Paddy rice soils, being flooded for part of the season, are dominated by different carbon (C) and N cycle processes and microbial communities than soils under upland crops. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of fertilizer on soil microorganisms in paddy rice systems in a meta-analysis of the peer-reviewed literature. Across all studies (n\u00a0=\u00a055), the addition of mineral fertilizer significantly increased microbial biomass carbon content (MBC) by 26% in paddy rice soils. Mineral fertilizer applications also increased soil organic carbon content (SOC) by 13%. The higher crop productivity with fertilization likely led to higher organic C inputs, which in turn increased SOC and MBC contents. The time of sampling within a season (pre-plant rice, in-season rice, post-harvest rice, or post-harvest rotational crop) did not significantly affect the response of MBC to mineral fertilizer. The positive effect of mineral fertilizer on MBC content did not differ between cropping systems with continuous rice and systems where paddy rice was grown in rotation with other crops. However, compared with upland cropping systems, the increase in the microbial biomass due to mineral fertilizer application is more pronounced in rice cropping systems, even when rice is grown in rotation with an upland crop. Differences in climate and soil oxygen availability likely explain the stronger response of soil microorganisms to mineral fertilizer input in paddy rice systems. Our analysis suggests that fertilization does not consistently select for specific microbial groups (e.g. gram positive or negative bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes) in paddy rice systems; however, it affects microbial community composition through changes in soil properties. How specific groups of microorganisms respond to mineral fertilization likely depends on environmental factors. Overall, our results suggest that in paddy rice systems the application of inorganic fertilizers increases SOC and MBC contents, both of which are important indicators of soil health.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bruce A. Linquist, Patricia Lazicki, Daniel Geisseler,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-17T16:17:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-01", "title": "Soil Carbon Stratification Affected By Long-Term Tillage And Cropping Systems In Southern Brazil", "description": "Abstract Continuous residue inputs when associated with minimum soil disturbance gradually promote the stratification of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the soil profile. In temperate soils, this characteristic has been used as an indicator of quality of soil management. However, few studies have been conducted with this indicator in tropical and subtropical climates or with the main soil orders in these areas. To fill this gap, this study was carried out in a subtropical climate with two of the major Brazilian soil orders, Oxisol and Alfisol, that together account for 63% of Brazilian agricultural soils. This study tested the hypothesis that the CSR is affected by soil order and climate type. The main treatments were soil tillage and different cropping systems in two long-term experiments carried out in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The first experiment, established in 1985, was conducted over a clayey Hapludox (Oxisol) soil. The main plots were treated with one of two tillage systems (conventional tillage \u2013 CT; and no-tillage \u2013 NT). The subplots were treated with one of three cropping systems: (a) continuous crop succession (R0) \u2013 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill); (b) winter crop rotation (R1)\u2013wheat/soybean/black oat (Avena strigosa Schreber)/soybean; (c) summer and winter crop rotation (R2) \u2013 wheat/soybean/black oat/soybean/black oat\u00a0+\u00a0common vetch (Vicia sativa L. Walp)/maize (Zea mays L.)/forage radish (Raphanus sativus var. oleiferus Metzg.). The second experiment was established in 1991 over a sandy loam distrophic Paleudalf (Alfisol) soil. Five cropping systems were analyzed under no-till: (a) maize\u00a0+\u00a0jack beans (Canavalia ensiformis DC)/soybean (M/JB); (b) maize/fallow/soybean (M/F); (c) maize/ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)\u00a0+\u00a0common vetch/soybean (M/R); (d) maize\u00a0+\u00a0velvet beans (Stizolobium cinereum Piper and Tracy)/soybean (M/VB); and (e) maize/radish oil/soybean (M/FR). The carbon stratification ratio (CSR) was assessed in the 19th and 22nd experimental years for Oxisol and in the 10th and 17th years for Alfisol. This index was calculated through the ratio of SOC stocks in the 0\u20130.05 and 0.05\u20130.15\u00a0m soil layers. The CPI was determined through the ratio of SOC stocks in the 0\u20130.15\u00a0m soil layer in a given treatment compared with native vegetation. Regardless of the soil order, SOC was influenced by C input and the tillage system; there was a positive linear relationship between CSR and CPI. The relationship between the CSR and the carbon pool index (CPI) was used to infer the quality of soil management. Higher CSR and CPI indices were found under treatments with minimum soil disturbance and intensive crop rotation. Lower CSR and CPI values were associated with frequent mobilization and lower crop diversity. These CSR indices sensitively distinguished the intensity of tillage (NT replacing CT) and cropping systems (cover crops replacing winter fallow or crop succession). The CSR values in subtropical soils investigated were lower than those reported for temperate soils. The soil order affected the critical CSR value being lower in the Oxisol than in the Alfisol. Our findings recommend accept our hypothesis that the CSR is affected by climate and soil order.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-17T16:18:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-10", "title": "First Report of Multinucleate Rhizoctonia solani AG4 HG-I Causing Crown and Root Rot on Strawberry in Italy", "description": "Strawberry (Fragaria\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0ananassa\u00a0Duch.) is a crop of great economic importance in Italy, where it is grown in soil and under soilless conditions. In March 2019, about 30 to 35% of plants (cv. Portola) grown in a peat substrate under soilless conditions in a farm located in Cuneo Province died. The examination of 10 plants showed crown and root rot over 100% of the root/crown. Affected plants showed brown necrotic tissues in basal leaves and petiole necrosis. Crown and root tissues were cleaned thoroughly from soil residues under tap water. Portions (about 3 to 5 mm) from crowns and roots were cut and surface disinfected with a water solution of NaClO at 0.5% for 2 min and rinsed in sterile water. The tissue fragments were plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 100 mg/liter of streptomycin sulfate and incubated at 25\u00b0C. After 3 days, fungal colonies with septate hyphae and right-angled branching similar to\u00a0Rhizoctonia solani\u00a0were observed with high frequency (90%) (Sneh et\u00a0al. 1991). To confirm the species identity, hyphal tips were transferred from the obtained colonies to PDA and grown for 10 days at 22 \u00b1 1\u00b0C. Mycelium was light brown, compact, with radial growth. The hyphal width varied from 8.5 to 10 \u03bcm. Sclerotia were not present. DNA was then extracted from a single representative isolate (RH230), and rDNA ITS sequencing was conducted as described by\u00a0Aiello et\u00a0al. (2017). The rDNA ITS sequence of RH230 (GenBank accession no. MZ373271) was 100% identical (603/603 bp) to part of another sequence previously identified as\u00a0R. solani\u00a0AG4 HG-I (MK583647,\u00a0Claerbout et\u00a0al. 2019). Twenty-day-old healthy plants of cultivar Portola were planted in a steam-disinfested peat soil (12-liter pots) infested with 1 g/liter of wheat kernels colonized for 10 days with the isolate RH230 to evaluate the pathogenicity. Control plants were planted in a steam-disinfested peat substrate amended with noninoculated sterilized wheat kernels. Six plants per treatments were used and kept in a greenhouse at 25 \u00b1 3\u00b0C. Crown and root rot similar to that observed in the farm developed 40 to 55 days after inoculation and resulted in 50 to 66% dead plants during two repeated trials. Fungal colonies morphologically similar to\u00a0R. solani\u00a0were consistently reisolated from affected crowns, and the resequencing of the rDNA ITS region fulfilled Koch\u2019s postulates. Control plants remained healthy.\u00a0Rhizoctonia\u00a0isolates of AG-A and AG-G anastomosis groups were found as pathogens of strawberry in Italy (Manici and Bonora 2007), while the AG4 HG-I was reported in Israel (Sharon et\u00a0al. 2007).\u00a0R. solani\u00a0AG4 HG-I was found on other hosts (Aiello et\u00a0al. 2017); however, to our knowledge, this is the first report on strawberry in Italy. The disease could become a significant problem for soilless culture strawberry in Italy, causing severe yield losses.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Crown rot; Rhizoctonia; Root rot; Strawberry", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Disease", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn", "name": "item", "description": "10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-17T16:18:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-05-05", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration Rates In Two Long-Term No-Till Experiments In Ohio", "description": "The effectiveness of no-till (NT) farming in reducing loss of soil organic matter (SOM) depends on climate and soil properties. Soil samples were obtained from two long-term experiments that were designed to study the impact of tillage systems on crop yields. However, the objectives of this experiment were to assess the impact of NT on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration rate and other soil properties and to estimate historic depletion of SOC under different soil management practices with reference to the undisturbed wooded control. The two long-term experiments in Ohio studied were those sited at South Charleston and Hoytville. The South Charleston (83\u00b0 30' W and 39\u00b0 48' N) experiment was established in 1962 on Crosby silt loam (fine mixed, mesic Aeric Ochraqualf). The site has long-term annual temperature and precipitation of 10.8 \u00b0C and 1043 mm, respectively. Tillage treatments for continuous corn (Zea mays) were NT, chisel plow (CP), and moldboard plow (MP). The Hoytville (84\u00b0 04' W and 41\u00b0 03' N) experiment was established in 1987 on Hoytville clay loam (fine, illitic mesic Mollic Epiaqualfs) soil. The site has long-term annual temperature and precipitation of 9.9 \u00b0C and 845 mm, respectively. There were two crop rotations: (i) 2-year corn-soybean (Glycine max) rotation with NT and subsoiling and (ii) 3-year corn-soybean-oat (Avena sativa) rotation with NT, CP, and rotational tillage soil management. The Hoytville clay site is poorly drained, has higher clay content, and higher and more even by distributed antecedent level of SOC in the soil profile than does the South Charleston silt loam soil. No-till increased SOC and N pools in the 0 to 5-cm layer in silt loam soil but had no effect in clay soil. The rate of SOC sequestration in the silt-loam soil under NT was 175 kg C ha -1 y -1 . The silt loam soil had higher SOC and N stratification ratios in NT than in MP and CP treatments, whereas the stratification ratios were low and similar in all treatments in the clayey soil. For both soils, there were no differences between tillage treatments in several soil properties including texture, available water capacity, hydraulic conductivity (K s ), and cation exchange capacity. The NT decreased soil bulk density and pH in the 0 to 15-cm layer in the silt loam soil. The plow till treatments had a small impact on soil aggregation in clayey soil. The decline in water-stable aggregates with reference to NT was no more than one sixth. In the silt loam soil, however, the water-stable aggregates in plow till treatments were merely one third of that in the NT treatment. The historic loss of the SOC pool for 0 to 30-cm depth under agricultural land use was 25 to 35% in silt loam and 19 to 25% in the clayey soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, Marek K. Jarecki,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-17T16:18:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-14", "title": "Identification of isoprene-degrading bacteria in phyllosphere and soil communities from high isoprene-emitting oil palm trees by DNA-stable isotope probing", "description": "

Isoprene is the most abundant biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) on Earth, with annual global emissions almost equal to those from methane. Due to its volatile nature and high reactivity, isoprene plays a complex role in atmospheric chemistry and hence, climate. However, very little is known about its biological degradation in the environment. The vast majority of isoprene (500 Tg \uffc2\uffb7y-1) is produced by terrestrial plants and oil palm is considered one of the highest isoprene-producing trees, with estimated emissions of 175 \uffce\uffbcg\uffc2\uffb7g-1 dry leaves \uffc2\uffb7h-1. Oil palm is also a heavily cultivated crop since it is the source of 30% of the vegetable oil in the world and in countries such as Malaysia represents >85% of total agricultural land. The vast expansion of a single crop that emits such high amounts of isoprene have raised serious concerns about its impact on air quality and climate change. We performed DNA Stable Isotope Probing (DNA-SIP) to study the isoprene-degrading community of oil palm trees in a Malaysian plantation and identified novel genera of isoprene-utilising bacteria in both oil palm soils and leaves. isoA amplicon sequencing data also confirmed that oil palm trees harbour a novel diversity of isoA genes, which encode the alpha subunit of the isoprene monooxygenase, a key enzyme in isoprene metabolism. In addition, metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) were reconstructed from metagenomes from oil palm soil and leaf incubations and analysed to identify isoprene degradation gene clusters in these microorganisms. Finally, analysis of unenriched metagenomes showed that isoA-containing bacteria are more abundant in soils than in the oil palm phyllosphere.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Access%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460", "name": "item", "description": "10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0460"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-17T16:18:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-19", "title": "Drought Changes Phosphorus And Potassium Accumulation Patterns In An Evergreen Mediterranean Forest", "description": "Summary

Climate models predict more extreme weather in Mediterranean ecosystems, with more frequent drought periods and torrential rainfall. These expected changes may affect major process in ecosystems such as mineral cycling. However, there is a lack of experimental data regarding the effects of prolonged drought on nutrient cycling and content in Mediterranean ecosystems.

A 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90year drought manipulation experiment was conducted in a Quercus ilex Mediterranean forest. The aim was to investigate the effects of drought conditions expected to occur over the coming decades, on the contents and concentrations of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in stand biomass, and P and K content and availability in soils.

Drought (an average reduction of 15% in soil moisture) increased P leaf concentration by 18\uffc2\uffb72% and reduced P wood and root concentrations (30\uffc2\uffb79% and 39\uffc2\uffb78%, respectively) in the dominant tree species Quercus ilex, suggesting a process of mobilization of P from wood towards leaves. The decrease in P wood concentrations in Quercus ilex, together with a decrease in forest biomass growth, led to an overall decrease (by approximately one\uffe2\uff80\uff90third) of the total P content in above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass. In control plots, the total P content in the above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass increased 54\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 from 1999 to 2005, whereas in drought plots there was no increase in P levels in above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass. Drought had no effects on either K above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground contents or concentrations.

Drought increased total soil soluble P by increasing soil soluble organic P, which is the soil soluble P not directly available to plant capture. Drought reduced the ratio of soil soluble inorganic P\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0soil soluble organic P by 50% showing a decrease of inorganic P release from P bound to organic matter. Drought increased by 10% the total K content in the soil, but reduced the soil soluble K by 20\uffc2\uffb74%.

Drought led to diminished plant uptake of mineral nutrients and to greater recalcitrance of minerals in soil. This will lead to a reduction in P and K in the ecosystem, due to losses in P and K through leaching and erosion, if the heavy rainfalls predicted by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) models occur. As P is currently a limiting factor in many Mediterranean terrestrial ecosystems, and given that P and K are necessary for high water\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency and stomata control, the negative effects of drought on P and K content in the ecosystem may well have additional indirect negative effects on plant fitness.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Functional%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01247.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-02-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-17T16:18:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-12-22", "title": "Functional Changes In The Control Of Carbon Fluxes After 3 Years Of Increased Drought In A Mediterranean Evergreen Forest?", "description": "Abstract

Our objective was to test how a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term increased water limitation affects structural and functional properties of a Mediterranean ecosystem, and how these changes modify the response of the main carbon fluxes to climatic controls. In 2003, a 27% throughfall exclusion experiment was installed in a Quercus ilex L. forest in France. Gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (RECO) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were estimated in a control and a dry treatment. Decreasing throughfall decreased GPP by 14% and had a smaller effect on RECO (\uffe2\uff88\uff9212%), especially soil respiration RS (\uffe2\uff88\uff9211%). Interannual variability of GPP (29%) was higher than for RECO (12%). Error propagation was used to estimates uncertainties in the NEE fluxes, which ranged from 3% to 10% in the control treatment but up to 167% for NEE in the dry treatment because more steps and data types were involved in the scaling. After 3 years of throughfall exclusion, we found no acclimation of RS to climatic drivers. Functional properties of the response of RS to soil water, temperature and rain pulse remained similar in the control and the dry treatments. A diurnal clockwise hysteresis in RS was probably controlled by canopy photosynthesis with a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83h lag. The proportion of diurnal variation of respiration due to photosynthesis was similar in all treatments (4\uffe2\uff80\uff935%). Because of the characteristic of rain in Mediterranean climates, a continuous decrease of water input in these environments have an effect on topsoil water and consequently on RS only during short periods when rainfall is characterized by infrequent and small events that does not allow the topsoil to reach field capacity and does not allow to dry completely. However, in the longer term, we expect a stronger decrease in RS in the dry treatment driven by the decrease in GPP.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "550", "15. Life on land", "gross primary production", "soil respiration", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "Quercus ilex", "throughfall exclusion", "13. Climate action", "rain pulse", "eddy-covariance", "Q(10)", "error propagation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1128/aem.02264-23", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-17T16:19:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-02-19", "title": "Novel endolithic bacteria of phylum Chloroflexota reveal a myriad of potential survival strategies in the Antarctic desert", "description": "ABSTRACT

The ice-free McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica are dominated by nutrient-poor mineral soil and rocky outcrops. The principal habitat for microorganisms is within rocks (endolithic). In this environment, microorganisms are provided with protection against sub-zero temperatures, rapid thermal fluctuations, extreme dryness, and ultraviolet and solar radiation. Endolithic communities include lichen, algae, fungi, and a diverse array of bacteria. Chloroflexota is among the most abundant bacterial phyla present in these communities. Among the Chloroflexota are four novel classes of bacteria, here named Candidatus Spiritibacteria class. nov. (=UBA5177), Candidatus Martimicrobia class. nov. (=UBA4733), Candidatus Tarhunnaeia class. nov. (=UBA6077), and Candidatus Uliximicrobia class. nov. (=UBA2235). We retrieved 17 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) that represent these four classes. Based on genome predictions, all these bacteria are inferred to be aerobic heterotrophs that encode enzymes for the catabolism of diverse sugars. These and other organic substrates are likely derived from lichen, algae, and fungi, as metabolites (including photosynthate), cell wall components, and extracellular matrix components. The majority of MAGs encode the capacity for trace gas oxidation using high-affinity uptake hydrogenases, which could provide energy and metabolic water required for survival and persistence. Furthermore, some MAGs encode the capacity to couple the energy generated from H 2 and CO oxidation to support carbon fixation (atmospheric chemosynthesis). All encode mechanisms for the detoxification and efflux of heavy metals. Certain MAGs encode features that indicate possible interactions with other organisms, such as Tc-type toxin complexes, hemolysins, and macroglobulins.

IMPORTANCE

The ice-free McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica are the coldest and most hyperarid desert on Earth. It is, therefore, the closest analog to the surface of the planet Mars. Bacteria and other microorganisms survive by inhabiting airspaces within rocks (endolithic). We identify four novel classes of phylum Chloroflexota , and, based on interrogation of 17 metagenome-assembled genomes, we predict specific metabolic and physiological adaptations that facilitate the survival of these bacteria in this harsh environment\uffe2\uff80\uff94including oxidation of trace gases and the utilization of nutrients (including sugars) derived from lichen, algae, and fungi. We propose that such adaptations allow these endolithic bacteria to eke out an existence in this cold and extremely dry habitat.

", "keywords": ["570", "Bacteria", "Fungi", "Antarctic Regions", "Chloroflexi", "15. Life on land", "Survival strategies", "Cold Temperature", "Extremophiles", "13. Climate action", "Antarctica", "Endolithic communities", "Metagenomics", "14. Life underwater", "Sugars", "Settore BIO/19 - MICROBIOLOGIA GENERALE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.02264-23"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20and%20Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1128/aem.02264-23", "name": "item", "description": "10.1128/aem.02264-23", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1128/aem.02264-23"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2010.0504", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-12", "title": "Western Oregon Grass Seed Crop Rotation And Straw Residue Effects On Soil Quality", "description": "

Understanding the impact of crop rotation and residue management in grass seed production systems on soil quality and, in particular soil C dynamics, is critical in making long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term soil management decisions supporting farm sustainability. The effects of a 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr rotation and residue management (high vs. low residue) on soil quality were investigated at three locations in Oregon, each contrasting in soil drainage classification. The crop rotations were continuous perennial grass seed production, grass/legume seed production, and grass/legume/cereal seed production. The grass species grown at each location were different and represented those most commonly produced in each environment; perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), tall fescue [Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub], and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.). All three grass seed crop rotations and residue methods maintained high soil quality in conventional or direct seeded soils, but under some situations, soil quality was higher with continuous grass rotation and high residue. Data suggest that straw removal for value\uffe2\uff80\uff90added use, like bioenergy production, can be accomplished in the Pacific Northwest Marine climate without appreciably affecting soil quality. Furthermore, grass seed cropping systems play an important role in soil C storage and enhancement, a valuable ecosystem service in this region where grass seed is produced on land that is not suitable for production of conventional crops that require better\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained soil. We conclude that by nature perennial grass seed crops promote high soil fertility and enriched soil C pools and consequently contribute to the tolerance of these systems to the use of less conservation\uffe2\uff80\uff90oriented crop management methods at times when crop loss could be potentially high. This attribute provides producers greater latitude in selecting soil and crop management options to address issues of soil fertility, pest, weed, or seed certification to minimize economic crop yield losses.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gerald Whittaker, Richard P. Dick, Gary M. Banowetz, Stephen M. Griffith, George W. Mueller-Warrant,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0504"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2010.0504", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2010.0504", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2010.0504"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:20:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-27", "description": "Abstract

Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N fertilization affects soil organic N reserves, N mineralization potential, and crop response to applied N, but little information is available on the influence of short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N fertilizer (STN) management on soil organic N availability and crop response. This study was conducted to determine if STN changes soil N supplying capability to corn (Zea mays L.) after 3 yr of differential N fertilization on a Fayette silt loam soil (fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90silty, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf) in Wisconsin. Various rates of N fertilizer (0\uffe2\uff80\uff93402 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) were applied to corn in 1983, 1984, and 1985, and their residual effects on corn response were evaluated in 1986. Soil profile No3\uffe2\uff80\uff90N levels in spring 1986 were very low in all plots (48 \uffc2\uffb1 4 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 [90 cm]\uffe2\uff88\uff921), yet grain yields and N uptake were significantly increased by STN applications. Corn N uptake was linearly related to the total amount of N returned to soil in crop residues during the previous 3 yr. Increased organic N availability under high STN management was equivalent to a 78 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 rate, or 47% of the N fertilizer required for optimum crop yields. In aerobic incubations (40 wk) of spring 1986 soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm), STN additions increased N release only in the first few weeks. Kinetics of N mineralization were best described by a two\uffe2\uff80\uff90component model in which the active fraction (NA) of soil organic N was highly correlated with corn N uptake (r = 0.88). Simulation of field conditions showed that 95% of NA is available before crop maturity. A phosphate\uffe2\uff80\uff90borate buffer organic N availability index was significantly and consistently related to STN treatments. Relative increases in total soil organic N corresponded with the 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr N balance between fertilizer additions and grain removals, and were about 10 times larger than mineralizable N. These results indicate that immobilization of excess mineral N into stable soil organic N during decomposition of crop residues should be considered in determining the environmental risk of N fertilization. Although labile organic N is a small fraction of the total fertilizer N contribution to soil N, its quantification should allow a more accurate assessment of crop N needs.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050022x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1995-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2139/ssrn.4556085", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:20:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-08-29", "title": "A Laser Diffractometry Technique for Determining the Soil Water Stable Aggregates Index", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["Water stable aggregates index", "Laser diffractometry", "Wet sieving", "Soil aggregates"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4556085"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2139/ssrn.4556085", "name": "item", "description": "10.2139/ssrn.4556085", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2139/ssrn.4556085"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2139/ssrn.5084742", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:20:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-05-25", "title": "ZnO-nanostructured electrochemical sensor for efficient detection of glyphosate in water", "description": "Glyphosate is a widely used broad-spectrum herbicide for controlling grassy weeds, despite having potential health hazards. Herein, we report on a solid-state electrochemical sensor based on ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for on-site detection of glyphosate. Accordingly, ZnO NPs was drop-cast on the surface of a disposable screen-printed carbon electrode. Eco-friendly ZnO NPs of only 7 nm crystallite sizes were obtained by green sol-gel synthesis using lemon (Citrus limon) waste aqueous extract as the green reducing and capping/stabilizing agent and Zn nitrate precursor as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction and diffuse reflectance. SEM confirmed successful electrode functionalization with the synthesized nanoparticles. Under laboratory conditions in acetate buffer (pH 5), the sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity and sensitivity, with a detection limit of 0.648 \u00b5M, a wide linear detection range (0.5 \u00b5M to 7.5 mM), and a rapid detection time of 30 min. When tested in river water, the sensor achieved a detection limit of 0.96 \u00b5M using differential pulse voltammetry. It also exceptionally tolerated interference from similar organophosphorus compounds and ions commonly found in river water. The excellent detection performance of the sensor was attributed to the strong coordination interactions between Zn atoms and phosphonate/carboxylate groups that are enhanced by a hydrogen bond at acidic pH, as determined by chemical calculations. This disposable sensor offers a cost-effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly solution for monitoring glyphosate in water systems.", "keywords": ["QD71-142", "Environmental water", "Eco-friendly ZnO nanoparticles", "Computational modeling", "Pesticides", "Eco-friendly ZnO nanoparticles;", "[SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology", "Analytical chemistry", "Sensor"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5084742"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Talanta%20Open", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2139/ssrn.5084742", "name": "item", "description": "10.2139/ssrn.5084742", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2139/ssrn.5084742"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.4f4qrfjct", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:21:23Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "A global map of microbial residence time", "description": "unspecifiedData sources This study was based on the soil microbial metabolic quotient dataset in\u00a0Xu et al. (2017), which synthesized data spanning from 1970 to 2016. In this study, we further updated that dataset to 2020. The same criteria for data compilation in Xu et al (2017) have been applied to update the dataset in this study. Specifically, we searched publications in Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/) using the keyword combinations of \u201cbasal respiration\u201d, \u201csoil microbial biomass\u201d, \u201csoil microbial turnover rate\u201d, \u201csoil microbial metabolic quotient\u201d, and \u201csoil microbial residence time\u201d. We screened the papers via following criteria: 1) both soil basal respiration and microbial biomass C were reported; 2) any of soil microbial turnover rate, soil microbial metabolic quotient, and MRT estimated based on basal respiration rate in lab conditions was clearly reported; 3) no contamination and disturbance occurred during sampling; and 4) lab incubation for basal respiration is less than 40 days as long incubation experiments may cause a shift in microbial community, which does not represent MRT in the sampled soils. Collectively, the final dataset included 2627 observations retrieved from 232 papers, covering 9 biomes (i.e., boreal forest, temperate broadleaf forest, temperate coniferous forest, tropical/subtropical forest, grassland, shrubland, bare soils/desert, natural wetlands, and cropland) (Fig. 1). Cropland, temperate broadleaf forest, grassland, and temperate coniferous forest accounted\u00a0for approximately 46%, 13%, 11%, and 9%, respectively, whereas all other biomes combined accounted for 21% of the whole dataset. The majority of the field sites are located in Europe, Asia, and North America, whereas a relatively small number of observations are from South America, Africa, Australia, and Antarctica. For data points without coordinate information reported, we searched the geographical coordinates based on the names of the study site, city, state, and country. The geographical information was further used for locating the sampling points on the global map to extract climate, edaphic properties, vegetation productivity, and soil microclimate long-term data from global datasets\u00a0(Xu et al. 2017). Climate, edaphic, vegetation, and microbial data Climatic, edaphic, vegetation, and microbial variables were not fully reported in published studies, we extracted such variables from global datasets following our previous studies (Xu et al. 2013, Xu et al. 2017, Guo et al. 2020, He et al. 2020). For climatic variables, we extracted mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) during 1970-2000 from the WorldClim database version 2 with the spatial resolution of 30 seconds (https://www.worldclim.org/data/worldclim21.html). In addition, we obtained monthly and annual mean soil moisture (SM) and soil temperature (ST) of top 10 cm during 1979-2018 from the NCEP/DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis (https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis2.gaussian.html). We also obtained the data of soil pH and soil texture (i.e., sand, silt, and clay) from the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD, https://daac.ornl.gov/cgibin/dsviewer.pl?ds_id=1247) at a spatial resolution of 0.05\u00b0 \u00d7 0.05\u00b0. Soil bulk density (BD), soil C, and total (TN) were extracted from the IGBP-DIS dataset (IGBP, https://daac.ornl.gov/SOILS/guides/igbp-surfaces.html), at a spatial resolution of 0.5\u2032 \u00d7 0.5\u2032. Root C density (Croot) data were extracted from the global dataset of a 0.5-degree resolution based on observational data (Gibbs and Ruesch 2008, Song et al. 2017). We extracted topsoil porosity data from a global dataset produced by Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS, https://ldas.gsfc.nasa.gov/gldas/) at a spatial resolution of 0.25\u00b0 \u00d7 0.25\u00b0. Annual net primary productivity (NPP) for the period of 2000-2015 was obtained from the MODIS gridded dataset with a spatial resolution of 30 seconds (http://files.ntsg.umt.edu/data/NTSG_Products/). Soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) were retrieved from a compiled global soil microbial biomass C and nitrogen (N) dataset archived at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Xu et al. 2015b). The auxiliary datasets used included the global land area database and global vegetation distribution dataset. The global vegetation distribution dataset was obtained from a spatial map of 11 major biomes: boreal forest, temperate forest, tropical/subtropical forest, mixed forest, grassland, shrubland, tundra, desert, natural wetlands, cropland, and pasture, which have been used in our previous publications (Xu et al. 2013, Xu et al. 2017, Guo et al. 2020, He et al. 2020). The global land area database was from the surface data map of 0.5\u00b0 \u00d7 0.5\u00b0 generated for E3SM (https://web.lcrc.anl.gov/public/e3sm/inputdata/lnd/clm2/surfdata_map/). To generate the global map of MRT, the global datasets of varied spatial resolutions were resampled to 0.5 degree using the \u201cbilinear\u201d algorithm. For datasets formatted as NetCDF, we performed the interpolation using the function of \u201clinint2_Wrap\u201d in NCAR Command Language (Version 6.3.0). For datasets in other formats, the interpolation was conducted using the platform of ArcGIS 10.6 (Esri, Redlands, CA, USA).\u00a0 Temperature correction for lab incubations Soil basal respiration is defined as the steady rate of respiration in soil, which originates from the mineralization of organic matter\u00a0(Bloem et al. 2005). The temperature response of basal respiration follows the exponential function\u00a0(Moyano et al. 2007). The sensitivity of microbial respiration to temperature is commonly described by Q10, a factor by which carbon dioxide (CO2) production increases with a 10\u00b0C increase in temperature. Under steady\u2010state conditions, soil microbial biomass does not change over a long term. The specific growth rate of soil microbial community is equivalent to microbial biomass turnover rate, corresponding to its inverse as soil microbial biomass residence time as below, equation 1) where MRT is the microbial residence time, MBC is microbial biomass C, and BR is the basal respiration rate.\u00a0 Due to the differences between lab incubation temperature and\u00a0in situ\u00a0soil temperature, temperature correction is necessary for comparing estimated MRT across studies in a quantitative manner. We adjusted the reported basal respiration to their long-term (1979-2018) average ST following the equation 2. This function has been previously used to mathematically simulate the temperature dependence of microbial respiration\u00a0(Rey and Jarvis 2006, Wei et al. 2014). The corrections were performed under the assumption that basal respiration is temperature dependent, while soil microbial biomass remains unchanged during the typically short soil incubations. equation 2) where T1\u00a0and T2\u00a0are temperatures in Celsius,\u00a0\u00a0is basal respiration at a given temperature of T2,\u00a0\u00a0is the estimated basal respiration at T1, and Q10\u00a0is the temperature sensitivity parameter. Temperature sensitivity of Q10\u00a0is an important parameter in modeling temperature effects on basal respiration. In the past several decades, Q10\u00a0has been extensively investigated. Experimental studies ubiquitously indicated large spatial heterogeneity of Q10. It has been found that Q10\u00a0is not a constant, the reported Q10\u00a0values were different among soils and ecosystems\u00a0(Davidson et al. 1998, Wang et al. 2019). Despite the uncertainties in Q10\u00a0values, a fixed Q10\u00a0of 2.0 has gained wide acceptance in modelling ecosystem respiration responses to climate change\u00a0(Sistla et al. 2014, Xu et al. 2014). Although the Q10\u00a0values are commonly reported as 2.0, the reported values varied among studies, ranging from 1.4 to 2.6\u00a0(Mahecha et al. 2010, Wang et al. 2010, Hamdi et al. 2013, Wang et al. 2019, Li et al. 2020). To fully consider the variations in reported Q10\u00a0values among studies, we therefore selected seven Q10\u00a0values (i.e., 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, and 2.6) with an interval of 0.2 within 1.4-2.6 centered around 2.0 to calibrate basal respiration from lab incubation temperature to\u00a0in situ\u00a0soil temperature. In the dataset, there were seventeen studies without explicit incubation temperature indicated. The\u00a0ISO 16072 (2002)recommends an incubation temperatures range of 20-30\u00b0C. The incubation temperature is closely associated with Q10values, and the Q10\u00a0value of 25\u00b0C was proved to be a threshold incubation temperature for smaller variations in Q10values. A significant decrease occurs in Q10\u00a0values when temperature was less than 25\u00b0C. When incubation temperature was above 25\u00b0C, the mean Q10\u00a0remained relatively constant\u00a0(Wang et al. 2019). Therefore, for studies without incubation temperature reported, we performed the temperature correction for lab incubations assuming an incubation temperature of 25\u00b0C. Model selection The MRT exhibited clear biogeographic patterns, indicating the important role of environmental factors on MRT distribution (Fig. S1-6,\u00a0Fig. 2). Therefore, we created a generalized linear model to quantify the independent and interactive impacts of soil microbes (MBC and MBN), climate (MAP and MAT), soil microclimate (ST and SM), vegetation (NPP and Croot), and edaphic properties (silt, sand, soil pH, BD, topsoil porosity, soil C, and TN) on the MRT. Based on the generalized linear model, we further built an empirical model for the mean MRT by selecting the most important factors in explaining the variation in the mean MRT. To identify the most important factors in explaining the variation in the mean MRT, we repeatedly removed the least important variables (<0.1%) from the generalized linear model. Finally, we selected 23 most important variables in explaining the variations in mean MRT. In addition, we randomly splitting the dataset to two portions. A portion (75%) of data were used to train the model; and other 25% was used for model validation. The selected empirical model explained 32% of the variation in mean MRT, and it had the formula: log10\u00a0(MRT) = -1.529 - 0.04866 * MAT + 0.01663 * soil C + 3.04 * topsoil porosity + 0.01047 * sand - 0.01197 * pH + 0.1618 * Croot\u00a0+ 0.0774 * BD - 0.01122 * ST - 0.00003072 * sand * NPP - 0.3789 * Croot\u00a0* topsoil porosity + 2.061 * BD * SM + 0.01182 * MAT * pH - 0.001064 * MAT * Croot\u00a0+ 0.0007919 * Croot\u00a0* MBN + 0.001077 * sand * Croot\u00a0- 0.0001516 * sand * ST + 0.002041 * NPP * topsoil porosity + 0.0000003703 * NPP * BD * MAP - 0.000002451 * topsoil porosity * MAP * MBC - 0.002437 * MAT * SM * silt + 0.001634 * MAT * SM * MBN - 0.00002335 * Croot\u00a0* MAP * SM - 0.00005116 * MAT * NPP * topsoil porosity. After the model was developed, we used 25% of the data that were not used in model development to validate the model, and we found a significant consistency between model prediction and observed data (Fig. S7). We generated the global map of mean MRT by applying the empirical model and the related global maps of biotic and environmental variables (Fig. 3). Given the large uncertainties in MRT for desert and natural wetland soils, we excluded deserts and natural wetlands from efforts in mapping, uncertainty analysis, and biome-level comparison. To guarantee the feasibility of the simulated MRT, we used the 95% confidence interval of the synthesized dataset to confine the simulated value in the global map of MRT. To test the accuracy of MRT simulated in the global map, we compared the modeled results against the observed data at multiple levels (i.e., plot-, site-, and biome-levels) (Fig. 4).\u00a0 Uncertainty analysis To estimate the parameter-induced uncertainties in MRT distribution, we used an improved Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) approach to quantify variations in MRT. The LHS approach is able to randomly produce an ensemble of parameter combinations with a high efficiency. This approach has been widely used to estimate uncertainties in model outputs\u00a0(Haefner 2005, Xu 2010, Xu et al. 2014). Specifically, we assumed all parameters of the empirical model followed a normal distribution. Then, we used the LHS algorithm to randomly select an ensemble of 3000 parameter sets for variables listed in\u00a0Table S1\u00a0using the function of improvedLHS in the R package \u201clhs\u201d\u00a0(Carnell\u00a02019). Next, we computed the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution of 3000 parameter sets using norminv function in MATLAB 2018b (The MathWorks Inc., Natick, Massachusetts, USA). Finally, we calculated the biome-averages and corresponding 95% confidence intervals of MRT for reporting (Table 2). Statistical analysis We first tested the normality of data distribution using the function of shapiro.test in the R package \u201cstats\u201d\u00a0(R Core Team 2018). Due to the violation of normality, we performed a base 10 logarithm transformation for MRT corrected to long-term ST using seven Q10\u00a0values. Therefore, the log-transformed MRT using multiple Q10\u00a0values were used for comparison among biomes. The mean and 95% confidence boundaries of MRT were transformed back to the original values for reporting (Table 1). For the investigation of the biogeographic pattern, the identification of environmental controls, and the selection of the empirical model for MRT, we used the mean of MRT calibrated with seven Q10\u00a0values for data analysis. To create the generalized linear models for quantifying the environmental controls and building the empirical model (Fig. 2,\u00a0Table S1), we constructed the generalized linear model using the function of glm in the R package \u201cstats\u201d\u00a0(R Core Team 2018). We used Akaike information criterion as a model selection criterion. Before conducting the generalized linear model, we tested the multicollinearity for the variables within and among each variable group, i.e., climate, soil microclimate, edaphic properties, vegetation, and soil microbes, and we found no significant multicollinearity (variance inflation factor < 5). In addition, a structural equation model was built to depict the direct and indirect effects of environmental factors on mean MRT (Fig. S6). The structural equation model was constructed using R package \u201clavaan\u201d\u00a0(Rosseel 2012). All statistical analyses were performed and relevant figures were plotted using \u201cagricolae\u201d\u00a0(de Mendiburu 2019), \u201cmultcomp\u201d\u00a0(Hothorn et al. 2016), \u201csoiltexture\u201d\u00a0(Moeys 2018), \u201cVennDiagram\u201d\u00a0(Chen and Boutros 2011), \u201cggplot2\u201d\u00a0(Wickham et al. 2016), and \u201cbasicTrendline\u201d\u00a0(Mei et al. 2018)\u00a0packages in R version 3.5.3 for Mac OS X (https://www.r-project.org).\u00a0Fig. 1\u00a0and\u00a0Fig. 3\u00a0were produced with NCAR Command Language (version 6.3.0) and ArcGIS (version 10.6), respectively.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "He, Liyuan, Xu, Xiaofeng,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4f4qrfjct"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.4f4qrfjct", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.4f4qrfjct", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.4f4qrfjct"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10179987", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:21:55Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Organic soil surveys across Flanders", "description": "This dataset contains geospatial data of organic soils in wetlands and valleys across the Flemish region (Belgium). It is a compilation of several surveys, mainly commissioned by Agentschap voor Natuur en Bos (ANB), Vlaamse Milieumaatschappij (VMM) and Natuurpunt to map the presence of shallow organic soil layers for conservation purposes. Organic layer depth was mapped by pushing a (pvc) rod into the organic ground until it hits a resistance or mineral layer, then recording the depth and the geographical position with a handheld gps.\u00a0This method allows a quick and cost-effective survey of large shallow carbon stocks. At several locations additional auger boring sample data and electrical conductivity-probe sample data was included in the dataset.Since the majority of the samples were not analysed on carbon content, soils were defined as 'organic soils'.Dataset maintained by the Research Institute for Nature and Forest/INBO For any inquiries, please contact Tom.dedobbelaer@inbo.be or Cecile.herr@inbo.be. The .csv will be updated as required to correct issues or to add data from additional surveys. Please check for updated versions periodically. Data description location: inventory location name year: year of survey Sample_ID: Point-ID given during survey, not unique Unique_ID: Unique point-ID created for this dataset EPSG_31370_X: X-coordinaat in EPSG 31370 (Lambert72), rounded to the closest meter EPSG_31370_Y: Y-coordinaat in EPSG 31370 (Lambert72), rounded to the closest meter stratigraphy: stratigraphy of the organic layer (near surface, substrate) organic_layer_notation: indicates if depth is a value or within a range organic_layer_depth: depth of the organic layer, measured from surface level (in cm) sign: certain surveys mention a sign indicating if the actual depth is equal to or bigger then the given depth (e.g. when the measuring rod is too short or damaged during a survey) method: method used to define organic layer depth source: indicates the source of the data, it can be original field data or derived data from a map. comment_soil: field comment given during survey (in Dutch) contractor: contractor of the survey awarding authority: commissioner of the survey", "keywords": ["carbon stock", "Flanders", "peatland", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "organic soil", "wetlands"], "contacts": [{"organization": "De Dobbelaer, Tom, Herr, C\u00e9cile, De Becker, Piet, Van Ballaer, Siege,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10179987"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10179987", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10179987", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10179987"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10959077", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:22:08Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-10-30", "title": "Knowledge gaps on trade-offs of soil carbon sequestration related to soil management strategies", "description": "The database contains 87 unique literature items (29 reviews, 42 meta-analyses, 16 original papers) describing the effect of a soil management strategy (tillage management, cropping systems, water management, cover crops, crop residues, livestock manure, slurry, compost, biochar, liming) on the trade-offs between soil carbon sequestration or SOC change and N2O emission, CH4 emission and nitrogen leaching. Since some literature items describe effects of several SMS categories, the database_summary tab comprises a total of 112 unique inputs. For each input it is indicated in the Database_summary tab if it was used as input for the 'Soil management effect assessment' in Maenhout et al. (2024) [Maenhout, P., Di Bene, C., Cayuela, M. L., Diaz-Pines, E., Govednik, A., Keuper, F., Mavsar, S., Mihelic, R., O'Toole, A., Schwarzmann, A., Suhadolc, M., Syp, A., & Valkama, E. (2024). Trade-offs and synergies of soil carbon sequestration: Addressing knowledge gaps related to soil management strategies. European Journal of Soil Science, 75(3), e13515. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13515] and/or to define knowledge gaps ('Knowledge gap in tab'-column). Knowledge gaps and research recommendations are gouped per soil management strategy in different tabs in this database. Per soil management strategy, knowledge gaps are clustered per theme in groups. These themes include: the specific soil management strategy, pedoclimatic conditions, establishment of experiments, other soil management strategies, meta-analysis, modelling and other", "keywords": ["Water management", "EJP SOIL", "Climate change mitigation", "Nitrogen leaching", "CH4", "Conservation agriculture", "Cropping systems", "SOMMIT", "N2O", "Organic matter inputs", "Tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10959077"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10959077", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10959077", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10959077"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-05-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13374006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:22:19Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Microbial biomass and water-extractable carbon on Mt. Kilimanjaro", "description": "This dataset presents the value of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and water-extractable carbon (WOC) at study plots under KiLi project. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and water-extractable organic carbon (WOC) \u2013 as sensitive and important parameters for soil fertility and C turnover \u2013 are strongly affected by land-use changes all over the world. These effects are particularly distinct upon conversion of natural to agricultural ecosystems due to very fast carbon (C) and nutrient cycles and high vulnerability, especially in the tropics. The objective of this study was to use the unique advantage of Mt. Kilimanjaro \u2013 altitudinal gradient leading to different tropical ecosystems but developed all on the same soil parent material \u2013 to investigate the effects of land-use change and elevation on MBC and WOC contents during a transition phase from dry to wet season. Down to a soil depth of 50\u00a0cm, we compared MBC and WOC contents of 2 natural (Ocotea\u00a0and\u00a0Podocarpus forest), 3 seminatural (lower montane forest, grassland, savannah), 1 sustainably used (homegarden) and 2 intensively used (maize field, coffee plantation) ecosystems on an elevation gradient from 950 to 2850\u00a0m a.s.l. The KiLi project (2010-2018) is a German Science Foundation (DFG) funded research unit (DFG research unit FOR1246) that focuses on biodiversity and ecosystem processes along altitudinal and disturbance gradients on Mt. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania, Africa), capitalizing on its world-wide unique range of climatic and vegetation zones. The research unit comprises 2 central projects and 7 subprojects from various disciplines. On a total of 60 study sites in both natural and human-disturbed ecosystems biodiversity (e.g. plants, soil arthropods, ants, bees, frogs, lizards, bats, birds), related ecosystem processes (decomposition, seed dispersal, pollination, herbivory, predation), and biogeochemical processes and properties of ecosystems (climate, soil properties and nutrient status, regulation of water and carbon fluxes, trace gas emissions, primary productivity, functional diversity) are analyzed.", "keywords": ["land-use change", "microbial carbon dynamics", "tropical ecosystem", "andosol", "elevation gradient", "water-extractable carbon"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13374006"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13374006", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13374006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13374006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-08-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.15680931", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:23:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-06-15", "title": "Investigating the extent of PFAS contamination in the Upper Danube Basin across environmental compartments", "description": "Abstract Background

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging organic pollutants widely detected in environmental systems, posing risks to human health and the ecosystem. Despite increasing efforts to monitor PFAS in river systems, knowledge gaps remain regarding sources and emissions via different pathways. This study investigates PFAS contamination across multiple environmental compartments in the Upper Danube Basin, including surface water, groundwater, wastewater, landfill leachate, surface runoff, and atmospheric deposition. The primary objectives are to assess the extent of PFAS contamination, identify key emission sources and transport pathways, and evaluate associated risks in terms of the potential exceedance of current and proposed environmental regulatory thresholds in the European Union.

Results

The findings reveal a widespread presence of PFAS, with PFOA, PFOS and short-chain compounds being predominant. The Alz River and Gendorf chemical park emerge as hotspots with far-reaching effects downstream, contributing significantly to diffuse legacy contamination of PFOA and being a significant source of two industrial PFOA substitutes, ADONA and GenX. Wastewater treatment plants, old municipal landfills, and sites with a history of fire-fighting foam application are identified as key pathways or sources of legacy pollution, exhibiting higher concentrations compared to the other matrices. Notably, no significant removal is observed when comparing influent and effluent samples from conventional WWTPs. The study further demonstrates that groundwater is vulnerable to contamination from point sources and to infiltration from rivers, with bank filtration proving largely ineffective in preventing PFAS contamination.

Conclusions

The study underscores the necessity for source and pathway control measures to mitigate PFAS pollution, the implementation of advanced treatment technologies to safeguard drinking water and surface water quality, and targeted remediation for legacy soil and groundwater contamination. Additionally, strong use regulations should be explored to minimize ongoing emissions. The multi-compartment monitoring proves to be a crucial approach to understand the complexity of PFAS distribution at the catchment scale. Comparative analysis and risk assessment highlight challenging situations for water management, offering an indispensable basis for emission modeling as a next step for quantitative assessment of the relevance of different sources and pathways for surface water pollution.

", "keywords": ["Emerging contaminants", "Emerging Pollutants", "PFAS", "Source identification", "Watershed management", "Environmental sciences", "Emission", "Water Framework Directive", "Environmental law", "Water pollution", "GE1-350", "K3581-3598", "Catchment monitoring", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-025-01141-6.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15680931"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Sciences%20Europe", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.15680931", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.15680931", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.15680931"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-06-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.15781488", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:23:05Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Results of stakeholder surveys on preferred NSWRM implementation plans. Deliverable D5.3 of the EU Horizon 2020 project OPTAIN.", "description": "Deliverable report D5.3 of the EU Horizon 2020 Project OPTAIN (Grant agreement No. 862756) The objective of this deliverable is to convey OPTAIN\u2019s optimisation approach, methodologies and results to stakeholders of each case study\u2019s Multi-Actor Reference Groups. More importantly, it will create a common understanding of the potential of the NSWRMs for improving water and nutrient retention in the CS, as well as of the associated trade-offs such as costs and potential reductions in crop production. Finally, this task will determine those NSWRM implementation plans preferred by individual actors using the tool, ParetoPick-R, developed in the previous task 5.3. This sets the stage for the subsequent in-depth, cross-sectoral discussion about a spatially targeted implementation of NSWRM. Summary\u00a0 This deliverable from the EU Horizon 2020 OPTAIN project presents the results from stakeholder interviews across eleven European case studies, focusing on the identification of preferred implementation plans for Natural/Small Water Retention Measures (NSWRMs).\u00a0It builds on the modelling and multi-objective optimisation workflows employed in OPTAIN, which explored numerous options for potential measure implementation optimised for environmental and economic objectives. Stakeholders of each case study\u2019s Multi-Actor Reference Groups (MARG) participated in structured interviews. Using the interactive ParetoPick-R app, they developed a common understanding of the potential of NSWRMs and explored trade-offs among four optimisation objectives, such as water/nutrient retention, crop production, and cost. They then selected their preferred implementation plans based on weights assigned to each objective and filter options applied to the solution space. Key Findings: Trade-offs & preferences: Stakeholders' preferences varied significantly across sectors and case studies. Agricultural actors typically prioritised crop production and cost-efficiency, while those in the water and nature conservation sectors leaned towards environmental benefits. Common measures: Frequently preferred NSWRMs included soil and/or crop management measures, followed by greening measures and engineered solutions. Feasibility issues: Technical feasibility, land ownership, and institutional hurdles (e.g., need for permits) influenced stakeholder choices. Tool feedback: The ParetoPick-R tool was generally well-received for visualising trade-offs and supporting decision-making. However, some users found it too complex and suggested improvements in usability, guidance, and map functionality. This deliverable D5.3 sets the foundation for the final MARG workshops in the case studies, which will seek to negotiate compromise solutions that are acceptable to all actors. The report underscores the importance of participatory modelling tools and multi-sector engagement in water and land management planning.", "keywords": ["multiobjective optimisation", "trade-offs", "NSWRM", "agricultural production", "H2020", "OPTAIN", "SWAT", "NWRM", "stakeholder", "water retention"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Strauch, Michael, Wittekind, Cordula,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15781488"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.15781488", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.15781488", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.15781488"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.16026838", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:23:06Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Greenhouse gas mitigation potential of temperate fen paludicultures - Dataset", "description": "See ReadMe file for detailed description of available data and code. Title of the associated publication: \u201cGreenhouse gas mitigation potential of temperate fen paludicultures\u201d Authors: Carla Bockermann\u26661,2 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9484-5746, Tim Eickenscheidt\u26661 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-3238, Matthias Dr\u00f6sler https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4523-6964 \u2666Joint First Authorship: Carla Bockermann and Tim Eickenscheidt should be considered joint first author. Institutional affiliations: 1Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Peatland Science Centre (PSC), Freising, Germany; 2Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, Germany Corresponding Author Contact Information: carla.bockermann@hswt.de\u2003 Abstract: Peatlands lose their valuable carbon (C) sink function under intensive land use and turn into greenhouse gases (GHG) emission hotspots. Despite scarce empirical evidence, paludiculture is expected to have significant GHG mitigation potential for organic soils. This study provides the first comprehensive dataset on full GHG balances for newly established fen paludicultures over a water table (WT) gradient spanning annual mean WT of \u22120.29 m to +0.04 m, stratified into moderately rewetted conditions (\u22120.30 m < WT < \u22120.10 m) and rewetted conditions (WT \u2265 \u22120.10 m). We used manual and novel automated chambers to measure annual carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and nitrous oxide emissions from five typical fen plant species (Carex acutiformis, Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia and T. latifolia) newly established as peatland biomass crops in three temperate fen peatlands in southern Germany. Our study confirms a significant GHG mitigation potential for the tested plant species and found a C sink function of paludiculture. The results yield preliminary emission factors of \u22120.1 and \u221212.0 t CO2-equivalents ha\u22121 yr\u22121 under moderately rewetted conditions (n=39) and under rewetted conditions (n=43), respectively. We further identify an optimal annual mean WT of \u22120.07 m for maximizing GHG reduction across all plant species and sites with a net C sink achieved at a mean annual WT of \u2265 \u22120.12 m. Presuming the conversion of arable land into paludiculture, a mitigation potential of up to \u221251.9 t CO2-equivalent is attainable per hectare and year. These findings highlight that well-managed paludiculture could make a considerable contribution toward achieving the politically targeted CO2 sink function in the LULUCF sector.", "keywords": ["peatland", " organic soil", " water table", " Carex", " Phalaris", " Phragmites", " Typha", " LULUCF", " preliminary emission factor", " carbon balance"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bockermann, Carla, Eickenscheidt, Tim, Dr\u00f6sler, Matthias,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16026838"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.16026838", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.16026838", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.16026838"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-07-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.3247592", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:23:14Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Daily cycles in soil carbon flux", "description": "Description: Measurements of 24 hour cycles in soil CO2 flux taken from soil collars in the Belian Carbon plot at Maliau. Measurements were taken from 12 subplots over four days at 5-hourly intervals, ensuring good coverage of the complete 24 hour cycle. Air and soil temperatures, soil moisture content and CO2 flux were taken from each plot at each visit. 9 subplots only have a single total soil respiration collar, but 3 subplots also have soil flux partitioning treatments to separate contributions to total respiration from soil organic matter, mycorrhizae and roots.

This data was collected by the 2019 cohort of the Tropical Forest Ecology MRes at Imperial College London. Project: This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: MRes Tropical Forest Ecology Field Course XML metadata: GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available here Files: This dataset consists of 2 files: Carbon_corrected_slopes.xlsx, raw_egm.zip Carbon_corrected_slopes.xlsx This file contains dataset metadata and 2 data tables: 24 hour observations of CO2 flux patterns (described in worksheet Carbon_flux_data) Description: Estimated CO2 flux values, soil moisture and air and soil temperatures from Carbon subplots Number of fields: 14 Number of data rows: 296 Fields: record_no: EGM 'Plot' value - record number on EGM machine for this collar (Field type: ID) plot: Carbon subplot number (Field type: Location) date: Calendar date that measurements taken (Field type: Date) time: Time that measurements taken (Field type: Time) soil_wmc: Soil water moisture content (Field type: Numeric) soil_temp: Soil temperature (Field type: Numeric) air_temp: Air temperature (Field type: Numeric) treatment: Exclusion treatments for partitioning soil respiration components (Field type: Categorical) field_flux: CO2 flux reported in the field by EGM (Field type: Numeric) Source: EGM dat file of source data used for corrected fluxes where available (Field type: File) corrected_flux: Corrected flux measurements using by eye exclusion of raw flux data (Field type: Numeric) n_points: Number of points in EGM record (Field type: Numeric) n_used: Number of points used for corrected slope estimation (Field type: Numeric) flux: Final flux values, using corrected values where available (Field type: Numeric) EGM raw data (described in worksheet EGM_raw_data) Description: Duplicates key information from raw EGM files and indicates points excluded in calculation of corrected flux values Number of fields: 7 Number of data rows: 7114 Fields: Plot: EGM recorder 'plot' code, actually just the record sequence number. (Field type: ID) RecNo: EGM record number - time points of gas measurement at a single plot (Field type: ID) Datetime: Time of gas concentration measurement (Field type: Datetime) CO2.Ref: Measured CO2 (Field type: Numeric) Input.E: EGM internal variable used in slope estimation (Field type: Numeric) Source: Original EGM dat file containing the flux data (Field type: File) ignore: Indicates where points from raw data excluded from corrected slope calculations (Field type: Categorical) raw_egm.zip Description: Zipfile of raw EGM dat files Date range: 2019-02-18 to 2019-02-21 Latitudinal extent: 4.7467 to 4.7480 Longitudinal extent: 116.9693 to 116.9704", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "soil CO2 flux", "24 hour cycle", "partitioning", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "630"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Orme, C David L, Riutta, Terhi, Fraser, Adam, Mackintosh, Emma, Vollans, Maisie, Graves, Kristina, Roxby, Gabrielle, Baynham, Georgina, Noble, Ciar, Adzhar, Rahayu, MacLean, Catherine, Martin, Stephanie, McKinlay, Amelia, Poznansky, Frederica, Prairie, Aaron, Brasington, Ella, Wiederkehr, Fabienne,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3247592"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.3247592", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.3247592", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.3247592"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:23:17Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Organic matter content (om) soil maps of the Upper Colorado River Basin", "description": "UPDATE: WE FOUND A RENDERING ERROR IN MANY AREAS OF THE 5 CM MAP. WE HAVE RECREATED THE MAP AND INCLUDED IN A NEW VERSION OF THE REPOSITORY. Repository includes maps of organic matter content (% wt) as defined by United States soil survey program. These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data. This data should be used in combination with a soil depth or depth to restriction layer map (both layers that will be released soon as part of this project) to eliminate areas mapped at deeper depths than the soil actually goes. This is a limitation of this data which will hopefully be updated in future updates. The creation and interpretation of this data is documented in the following article. Please note this article has not been reviewed yet and this citation will be updated as the peer review process proceeds. Nauman, T. W., Duniway, M. C., In Preparation. Predictive reconstruction of soil survey property maps for field scale adaptive land management. Soil Science Society of America Journal. File Name Details: ACCURACY!! Please see manuscript and Github repository (https://github.com/naumi421/SoilReconProps) for full details on accuracy. We do provide cross validation (CV) accuracy plots in this repository for both the overall sample (_CV_plots.tif). These plots compare CV predictions with observed values relative to a 1:1 line. Values plotted near the 1:1 line are more accurate. Note that values are plotted in hex-bin density scatter plots because of the large number of observations (most are >3000). Predictions are also evaluated with the U.S. soil survey laboratory database soil organic carbon (SOC) data. The SOC measurements were coverted to OM matter values using the common 1.724 conversion factor. The converted OM values are compared to predicted OM values using an accuracy plot (OM_SOC_plots.tif). Elements are separated by underscore (_) in the following sequence: property_r_depth_cm_geometry_model_additional_elements.extension Example: om_r_0_cm_2D_QRF_bt.tif Indicates soil organic matter content (om) at 0 cm depth using a 2D model (separate model for each depth) employing a quantile regression forest. This file is the raster prediction map for this model. There may be additional GIS files associated with this file (e.g. pyramids) that have the same file name, but different extensions. The _bt indicates that the map has been back transformed from ln or sqrt transformation used in modeling. The following elements may also exist on the end of filenames indicating other spatial files that characterize a given model's uncertainty (see below). _95PI_h: Indicates the layer is the upper 95% prediction interval value. _95PI_l: Indicates the layer is the lower 95% prediction interval value. _95PI_relwidth: Indicates the layer is the 95% relative prediction interval (RPI). The RPI is a standardization of the prediction interval that indicates that model is constraining uncertainty relative to the original sample. RPI values less than one represent uncertainty is being improved by the model relative to the original sample, and values less than 0.5 indicate low uncertainty in predictions. See paper listed above and also Nauman and Duniway (In revision) for more details on RPI. References Nauman, T. W., and Duniway, M. C., In Revision, Relative prediction intervals reveal larger uncertainty in 3D approaches to predictive digital soil mapping of soil properties with legacy data: Geoderma", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "soil organic matter", "digital soil mapping", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "predictive soil mapping", "soil property mapping"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nauman, Travis", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3591992"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.3591992"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.6320652", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:23:25Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "MOSSO_SoilChemistry_HistoricalSites_Annual_2008-2020", "description": "Abstract The dataset provides information about the soil chemical properties at two permanent LTER sites (named site 1 and 3, according to the LTER site numerations). The investigated period is 2008-2020. Details: Site 1 (coordinates: 45\ufffd\ufffd52'22.43'N, 7\ufffd\ufffd52'25.84'E; elevation: 2840 m a.s.l.) and Site 3 (coordinates: 45\ufffd\ufffd52'13.52'N, 7\ufffd\ufffd52'35.01'E; elevation: 2770 m a.s.l.). The bedrock is primarily micaschists, with some inclusions of amphibolites and calcschists. The vegetation of the sites is included in the \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdSiliceous alpine and boreal grasslands\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd (habitat 6150, according to the EU Habitat Directive). At each site, consisting of paired plots for soil and vegetation survey, three 9 m2 plots are established, where three topsoil samples (A horizon, 0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd10 cm depth) are collected annually at the end of the snow-free season (September). On soil samples the following analysis are performed: N-NH4, N-NO3, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), microbial carbon (Cmicr), and microbial nitrogen (Nmicr). Method Description Each soil sample consists of three subsamples that are homogenised by sieving at 2 mm. An aliquot of 20 g of fresh soil is extracted with 100 mL K2SO4 0.5 M, while 10 g are fumigated using chloroform for 18 h before extraction with 50 mL K2SO4 0.5 M. The concentration of DOC in not fumigated soil extracts (extractable DOC) is determined with a TOC analyzer (Elementar, Vario TOC, Hanau, Germany) after filtration with 0.45 \ufffd\ufffdm nylon membrane filters. The microbial carbon (Cmicr) is estimated as the difference in extractable DOC between fumigated and non-fumigated samples, corrected using a recovery factor of 0.45 (Brookes et al. 1985, https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(85)90144-0). Extractable N-NH4 concentration in soil extracts is measured spectrophotometrically (U-2000, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) using a modified Berthelot method based on the reaction with salicylate in the presence of alkaline sodium dichloroisocyanurate (Crooke and Simpson 1971, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740220104). Extractable N-NO3 concentration in soil extracts is measured spectrophotometrically (U-2000, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) using the Greiss reaction (Mulvaney 1996, ISBN-10: \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 0891188258; ISBN-13: \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 978-0891188254) modified according to Cucu et al. (2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-013-0893-4). Extractable TDN is measured as reported for DOC. Extractable DON is determined as the difference between extractable TDN and inorganic nitrogen (extractable N-NH4 + N-NO3) in the extracts. Nmicr is estimated from the difference in extractable TDN between fumigated and non-fumigated samples corrected using a recovery factor of 0.54 (Brookes et al. 1985, https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(85)90144-0). Instrumentation Spectrophotometer U-2000, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan (N-NH4 and N-NO3) Elementar, Vario TOC, Hanau, Germany (DOC and TDN)", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Freppaz, Michele, Colombo, Nicola,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6320652"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.6320652", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.6320652", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.6320652"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7353722", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:23:35Z", "type": "Software", "title": "Algorithm to harmonize soil particle size data to the FAO/USDA system", "description": "Different countries often measure and express soil particle-size distribution using different delineations between the main textural components, clay, silt and sand content. In order to harmonize such diverse data so that a uniform textural classification system can be used, interpolation of the data is necessary. Here we provide an example algorithm written in MATLAB that helps harmonize such data country-by-country to the FAO-USDA particle-size classification system that defines clay content as the mass of solids (individual particles) that are <0.002 mm, silt as the mass of solids in the 0.002 \u2013 0.05 mm size range, and sand content as the mass of solids in the 0.05 \u2013 2 mm size range (USDA 1951; FAO 1990). This system considers particles sized above 2 mm as gravel or stones. The algorithm uses k-nearest neighbor type pattern recognition in a non-spatial context algorithm to achieve this goal (Nemes et al. 1999; Nemes et al. 2006). Note: The algorithm uses a pre-existing external reference data set to compare the current data with. That data set cannot be provided with the algorithm due to prior agreements about the use and availability of those data, but its description is provided on pages 125-127 in the report by Weynants et al. (2013), and the authors herein offer their collaboration with a future user in order to take advantage of this algorithm. References FAO, Food, and Agricultural Organization. 1990. Guidelines for Soil Profile Description. 3rd ed. Rome: FAO. Nemes, A., J. H. M. W\u00f6sten, A. Lilly, and JH Oude Voshaar. 1999. \u201cEvaluation of different procedures to interpolate particle-size distributions to achieve compatibility within soil databases.\u201d Geoderma 90: 187\u2013202. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706199000142. Nemes, A., W. J. Rawls, and Y. A. Pachepsky. 2006. \u201cUse of the Nonparametric Nearest Neighbor Approach to Estimate Soil Hydraulic Properties.\u201d Soil Science Society of America Journal 70 (2): 327\u201336. https://doi.org/10.2136/SSSAJ2005.0128. USDA, United States Department of Agriculture. 1951. Soil survey manual, U.S. Dept. Agriculture Handbook No. 18. Washington, DC. Weynants, M\u00e9lanie, Luca Montanarella, Gergely T\u00f3th, Arnold Arnoldussen, Mar\u00eda Anaya Romero, George Bilas, Trond Borresen, et al. 2013. \u201cEuropean HYdropedological Data Inventory (EU-HYDI).\u201d Luxembourg: European Commission EUR 26053 \u2013 Joint Research Centre \u2013 Institute for Environment; Sustainability; EUR \u2013 Scientific; Technical Research series \u2013 ISSN 1831-9424. https://doi.org/10.2788/5936.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nemes, Attila", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353722"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7353722", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7353722", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7353722"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7353721", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:23:35Z", "type": "Software", "title": "Algorithm to harmonize soil particle size data to the FAO/USDA system", "description": "Different countries often measure and express soil particle-size distribution using different delineations between the main textural components, clay, silt and sand content. In order to harmonize such diverse data so that a uniform textural classification system can be used, interpolation of the data is necessary. Here we provide an example algorithm written in MATLAB that helps harmonize such data country-by-country to the FAO-USDA particle-size classification system that defines clay content as the mass of solids (individual particles) that are <0.002 mm, silt as the mass of solids in the 0.002 \u2013 0.05 mm size range, and sand content as the mass of solids in the 0.05 \u2013 2 mm size range (USDA 1951; FAO 1990). This system considers particles sized above 2 mm as gravel or stones. The algorithm uses k-nearest neighbor type pattern recognition in a non-spatial context algorithm to achieve this goal (Nemes et al. 1999; Nemes et al. 2006). Note: The algorithm uses a pre-existing external reference data set to compare the current data with. That data set cannot be provided with the algorithm due to prior agreements about the use and availability of those data, but its description is provided on pages 125-127 in the report by Weynants et al. (2013), and the authors herein offer their collaboration with a future user in order to take advantage of this algorithm. References FAO, Food, and Agricultural Organization. 1990. Guidelines for Soil Profile Description. 3rd ed. Rome: FAO. Nemes, A., J. H. M. W\u00f6sten, A. Lilly, and JH Oude Voshaar. 1999. \u201cEvaluation of different procedures to interpolate particle-size distributions to achieve compatibility within soil databases.\u201d Geoderma 90: 187\u2013202. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706199000142. Nemes, A., W. J. Rawls, and Y. A. Pachepsky. 2006. \u201cUse of the Nonparametric Nearest Neighbor Approach to Estimate Soil Hydraulic Properties.\u201d Soil Science Society of America Journal 70 (2): 327\u201336. https://doi.org/10.2136/SSSAJ2005.0128. USDA, United States Department of Agriculture. 1951. Soil survey manual, U.S. Dept. Agriculture Handbook No. 18. Washington, DC. Weynants, M\u00e9lanie, Luca Montanarella, Gergely T\u00f3th, Arnold Arnoldussen, Mar\u00eda Anaya Romero, George Bilas, Trond Borresen, et al. 2013. \u201cEuropean HYdropedological Data Inventory (EU-HYDI).\u201d Luxembourg: European Commission EUR 26053 \u2013 Joint Research Centre \u2013 Institute for Environment; Sustainability; EUR \u2013 Scientific; Technical Research series \u2013 ISSN 1831-9424. https://doi.org/10.2788/5936.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nemes, Attila", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353721"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7353721", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7353721", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7353721"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:23:42Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data on soil compounds, respiration and incorporation of 13C-labeled substrate", "description": "Open AccessSee Readme.pdf", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "microdialysis", "respiration rates", "compound concentration in soil solution", "PLFA and NLFA", "13C isotopic labeling", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wiesenbauer, Julia, Kaiser, Christina,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8109600"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.8109600"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.7910/DVN/HXAH87", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:24:26Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi diversity in the Indian subcontinent", "description": "Mycorrhizal fungi (MF) are below-ground organisms playing a key role in terrestrial ecosystems as they regulate nutrient and carbon cycles, and influence soil structure and ecosystem multifunctionality. Arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi are the two mycorrhizal types most relevant to worldwide ecosystems, but areas like the Indian sub-continent remain under-represented in global maps. The dataset presented here reports the available information regarding arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi diversity in cultivated and natural ecosystems of the Indian subcontinent. We have selected studies published in English in ISI Web of Science during the years 2005 - 2020 that provided a taxonomic classification of MF and their associated abundance in terms of percentage of root colonization or number of spores per quantity of soil. From the screening of 74 studies, we have recorded: i. the scientific or common name of the plant or the generic habitat sampled for MF identification; ii the MF genus and species; iii. the location of the study with associated altitude and geographic coordinates; iv. main soil physico-chemical properties (soil pH, texture, organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, available Phosphorus); climatic variables such as mean annual precipitation and temperature.<br><br>", "keywords": ["ecosystem management", "Asia", "Agricultural Sciences", "CGIAR Research Program on Water", " Land and Ecosystems", "Multifunctional Landscapes", "gesti\u00f3n de ecosistemas", "soil biology", "MYCORRHIZAE", "CGIAR Research Program", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "SOIL BIOLOGY", "BIODIVERSITY", "mycorrhizae", "biolog\u00eda del suelo"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Beggi, Francesca, Dasgupta, Debarshi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/HXAH87"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.7910/DVN/HXAH87", "name": "item", "description": "10.7910/DVN/HXAH87", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.7910/DVN/HXAH87"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105979", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:15:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-18", "title": "Determining threshold values for root-soil water weighted plant water deficit index based smart irrigation", "description": "Trabajo desarrollado bajo la financiaci\u00f3n del proyecto \u201cSoil Hydrology research platform underpinning innovation to manage water scarcity in European and Chinese cropping Systems\u201d (773903), coordinado por Jos\u00e9 Alfonso G\u00f3mez Calero, investigador del Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS). Plant water deficit index (PWDI) represents the extent of water stress by relating soil moisture to the ability of a plant to take up water including consideration of the relative distribution of soil water to roots. However, for a smart irrigation decision support system, we are challenged in determining reliable thresholds of PWDI to initiate irrigation events to achieve predetermined yield and/or water use efficiency (WUE) targets. Taking drip irrigated maize and sprinkler irrigated alfalfa as examples, field experiments were conducted to investigate the choice and effects of PWDI thresholds. The results indicated that, with increasing PWDI thresholds, irrigation times and quantity of water, as well as crop transpiration, growth, and yield, were all significantly limited while WUE was enhanced except under extremely stressed conditions. To disconnect the unpredictable effects of other factors, yield and WUE were normalized to their corresponding potential values. Within the experimentally determined range of PWDI, relative yield and WUE were described with linear functions for maize, and linear and quadratic functions for alfalfa, allowing identification of the most efficient threshold value according to the objective parameter of choice. The method described can be adopted in smart irrigation decision support systems with consideration of spatial variability and after further verification and improvement under more complicated situations with various crop types and varieties, environmental conditions, cultivation modes, and wider or dynamic PWDI thresholds allowing regulated deficit irrigation. This research was supported partly by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFE0118100, 2016YFD0200303), National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1706211, 51790532), Special Fund for Scientific Research in the Public Interest (201411009), and the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Project SHui, grant agreement No 773903. Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Yield", "PWDI", "Water stress", "Alfalfa", "Water use efficiency", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Maize", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105979"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105979", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105979", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105979"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/bbb.294", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-17T16:14:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-14", "title": "Impact Assessment At The Bioenergy-Water Nexus", "description": "Abstract

Bioenergy expansion can significantly impact water resources in the region in which it occurs. Investment, policy, and resource management decisions related to bioenergy should therefore take this critical consideration into account. Water resource impacts can defy easy quantification because water consumption varies spatially and temporally, different water sources are not necessarily commensurable, and impact depends on the state of the resource base that is drawn upon. This perspective offers an assessment framework that operators and policy\uffe2\uff80\uff90makers can use in evaluating projects to avoid or mitigate detrimental effects. We adapt water footprint (WF) and life cycle assessment (LCA) techniques to the bioenergy context, describing comprehensive life cycle inventory (LCI) approaches that account for blue and green water use as well as for pollution effects, varying sources, coproduct allocation, and spatial heterogeneity. Impact assessment requires that characterization (weighting) factors be derived so that consumption values can be summed and compared across resources and locations. We recommend that characterization draw on metrics of water stress, accounting for environmental flow requirements, climatic variability, and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90linearity of water stress effects. Finally, we describe some location\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific impacts of concern that may not be revealed through common analytical approaches and may warrant closer consideration. \uffc2\uffa9 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kevin Fingerman, Stuart Orr, Brian Richter, P. Vugteveen, G\u00f6ran Berndes,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.294"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biofuels%2C%20Bioproducts%20and%20Biorefining", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/bbb.294", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/bbb.294", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/bbb.294"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2995887446", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:26:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-18", "title": "Determining threshold values for root-soil water weighted plant water deficit index based smart irrigation", "description": "Trabajo desarrollado bajo la financiaci\u00f3n del proyecto \u201cSoil Hydrology research platform underpinning innovation to manage water scarcity in European and Chinese cropping Systems\u201d (773903), coordinado por Jos\u00e9 Alfonso G\u00f3mez Calero, investigador del Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS). Plant water deficit index (PWDI) represents the extent of water stress by relating soil moisture to the ability of a plant to take up water including consideration of the relative distribution of soil water to roots. However, for a smart irrigation decision support system, we are challenged in determining reliable thresholds of PWDI to initiate irrigation events to achieve predetermined yield and/or water use efficiency (WUE) targets. Taking drip irrigated maize and sprinkler irrigated alfalfa as examples, field experiments were conducted to investigate the choice and effects of PWDI thresholds. The results indicated that, with increasing PWDI thresholds, irrigation times and quantity of water, as well as crop transpiration, growth, and yield, were all significantly limited while WUE was enhanced except under extremely stressed conditions. To disconnect the unpredictable effects of other factors, yield and WUE were normalized to their corresponding potential values. Within the experimentally determined range of PWDI, relative yield and WUE were described with linear functions for maize, and linear and quadratic functions for alfalfa, allowing identification of the most efficient threshold value according to the objective parameter of choice. The method described can be adopted in smart irrigation decision support systems with consideration of spatial variability and after further verification and improvement under more complicated situations with various crop types and varieties, environmental conditions, cultivation modes, and wider or dynamic PWDI thresholds allowing regulated deficit irrigation. This research was supported partly by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFE0118100, 2016YFD0200303), National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1706211, 51790532), Special Fund for Scientific Research in the Public Interest (201411009), and the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Project SHui, grant agreement No 773903. Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Yield", "PWDI", "Water stress", "Alfalfa", "Water use efficiency", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Maize", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2995887446"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2995887446", "name": "item", "description": "2995887446", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2995887446"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.epsl.2015.12.030", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:16:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-01-05", "title": "Estimation of the extraterrestrial 3He and 20Ne fluxes on Earth from He and Ne systematics in marine sediments", "description": "Abstract Sediments contain interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) carrying extraterrestrial noble gases, such as 3 He, which have previously been used to estimate the IDP accretion flux over time and the duration of past environmental events. However, due to its high diffusivity, He can be lost by diffusion either due to frictional heating during entry in the atmosphere, or once it has been incorporated in the sediments. Therefore the absolute values of 3 He IDP fluxes cannot be known. Due to its lower diffusivity, Ne is less likely to be lost by diffusion than He and can potentially provide an absolute IDP flux value. Here, we studied the Ne and He isotopic composition of 21 sediments of different ages (3 to 38 Myr, 56 Myr and 183 Myr) in order to better constrain the retention of 3 He in such deposits. The samples are carbonates from 2 sites of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP), which previously showed evidence of detectable extraterrestrial 3 He, and from the Sancerre core in the Paris basin. The 3 He/ 4 He, 20 Ne/ 22 Ne and 21 Ne/ 22 Ne ratios of decarbonated residues vary respectively from 0.09 \u00d7 10 \u2212 6 to 76.5 \u00d7 10 \u2212 6 , 9.54 \u00b1 0.08 to 11.30 \u00b1 0.60 and from 0.0295 \u00b1 0.0001 to 0.0344 \u00b1 0.0003 . These isotopic compositions can be explained by a mixing between two terrestrial components (atmosphere and radiogenic He and nucleogenic Ne present in the terrigenous fractions) and an extraterrestrial component. The linear relationship between 20 Ne/ 22 Ne and 3 He/ 22 Ne ratios shows that the extraterrestrial component has a unique composition and is similar to the He and Ne composition of implanted solar wind. This composition is different from the individual stratospheric IDPs for which the Ne and He isotopic compositions have been measured. We suggest that this difference is due to a bias in the sampling of the individual IDPs previously analyzed toward the largest ones that are more likely to lose He during entry in the atmosphere. Our data further constrains the size of the majority of the IDPs to be less than 10 \u03bc m in diameter. In addition, the constant 3 He/ 22 Ne ratio of the extraterrestrial component present in the samples, which is similar to the implanted solar wind composition, suggests that no diffusive loss of 3 He occurred in the atmosphere or on the seafloor. Thus, neglecting any non-fractionating He and Ne loss by weathering and/or alteration of the host phases on the seafloor, the extraterrestrial 3 He and 20 Ne fluxes between 3 to 38 Myr ago are respectively 0.2 \u00b1 0.1 \u00d7 10 \u2212 12 cm 3 cm \u2212 2 kyr \u2212 1 and 0.2 \u00b1 0.1 \u00d7 10 \u2212 11 cm 3 cm \u2212 2 kyr \u2212 1 . During the sharp increases of the late Eocene and late Miocene, the IDP 3 He and 20 Ne fluxes reach values up to five times higher.", "keywords": ["[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "13. Climate action", "sediments", "IDP", "helium", "neon", "14. Life underwater", "extraterrestrial flux", "implanted solar wind", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.12.030"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Earth%20and%20Planetary%20Science%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.epsl.2015.12.030", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.epsl.2015.12.030", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.12.030"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3084031713", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:26:10Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2020-03-10", "title": "Integrating mineral interactions with organic carbon in thawing permafrost to assess climate feedbacks", "description": "

&lt;p&gt;Permafrost contains 1400-1660 Gt of organic carbon (OC), from which 5-15% will likely be emitted as greenhouse gases (GHG) by 2100. The soil organic carbon stock is distributed between a pool of particulate organic matter (POM), and a pool of mineral-associated OM (MOM). POM can be free, i.e., more readily available for microbial decomposition, or occluded within soil aggregates (involving clay minerals or Fe-Al (hydr)oxides), i.e., spatially inaccessible for microorganisms. MOM includes OC sorbed onto mineral surfaces (such as clay minerals or Fe-oxides) and OC complexed with metal cations (e.g., Al, Fe, Ca), i.e., stabilized OC. The interactions between OC and minerals influence the accessibility of OC for microbial decomposition and OC stability and are therefore a factor in controlling the C emissions rate upon thawing permafrost.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the warming Arctic, there is growing evidence for soil disturbance such as coastal erosion, thermokarst and soil drainage as a consequence of abrupt and gradual permafrost thaw. These disturbances induce changes in the physico-chemical conditions controlling mineral solubility in permafrost soils which directly affect the stability of the MOM and of the occluded POM. As a consequence, a portion of OC can be unlocked and transferred into the free POM. This additional pool of freely available OC may be degraded and amplify C emissions from permafrost to the atmosphere. Conversely, the concomitant release of metal cations upon permafrost thaw may partly mitigate permafrost C emissions by stabilization of OC via complexation or sorption onto mineral surfaces and return a portion of freely available OC to the MOM. The majority of C is emitted as CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; but 1.5 and 3.5% of the total permafrost C emissions will be released as CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;, with implications for the atmospheric radiative forcing balance. Importantly, the proportion CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emitted relative to CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; is likely to increase with increasing abrupt thaw and associated anoxic conditions, but a portion of CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emissions could be mitigated by the anoxic oxidation of methane mediated by the presence of Fe-oxides exposed by abrupt thaw of deep permafrost.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This contribution aims at assessing how changing soil physico-chemical conditions affect interactions between mineral surfaces and OC in thawing permafrost. Scenarios of mineral-organic interactions during gradual thaw, including changes in water drainage and talik formation, and abrupt thaw including shifting redox conditions associated with thermokarst will be presented. Approaches to quantify changes in mineral-organic interactions will be discussed. By integrating the most recent studies from the permafrost carbon community with soil mineralogy, soil chemistry and soil hydrology, this contribution demonstrates that the fate of mineral-organic interactions upon thawing must be considered given their potential implications for GHG emissions. If we do not include the role of mineral-organic interactions in this puzzle, the complexities involved in soil carbon decomposition may propagate large uncertainties into coupled soil carbon-climate feedback predictions.&lt;/p&gt;

", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/3084031713"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3084031713", "name": "item", "description": "3084031713", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3084031713"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2013.11.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-17T16:15:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-22", "title": "The Positive Relationship Between Soil Quality And Crop Production: A Case Study On The Effect Of Farm Compost Application", "description": "Abstract In order to ensure sustainable agriculture, and for evaluating the effects of management practices on soil processes, tools for assessing soil quality are required. The development and use of a multiparameter index, which includes a wide range of soil properties, have been tested and found useful by several studies. However, soil quality measurements are \u2018stand-alone\u2019 tools unless they are either linked to important soil functions, used to characterize (agro)ecosystems or used to predict sustainability or productivity. In our study, the relationship between crop production and soil quality was assessed in a six year old field experiment studying the effect of farm compost (FC) amendment in a crop rotation of potato, fodder beet, forage maize and Brussels sprouts. To justify the hypothesis that repeated FC amendment results in both improved soil quality and consequently higher crop yields, a wide range of chemical, biological and physical soil properties were measured and integrated into a soil quality index (SQI). Next, crop yields were used as a functional goal to verify the causal relationship between SQI and crop production. Our results showed that there were significant changes in chemical, physical and biological soil quality as a result of repeated FC amendment. This was evidenced for example by a remarkable increase in both soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N content. Microbial biomass, the relative amount of bacterivorous nematodes and earthworm number were significantly increased as well and, together with SOC and total N, indicated as the dominant factors in assessing soil quality. The integration of these key indicators into the SQI revealed higher SQI values when FC was applied. In addition, crop yields were increased in all FC treated plots by which SOC was pointed out as the most important indicator influencing crop production. Finally, a causal relationship was observed between soil quality and the yield of potato and fodder beet. We conclude that our SQI may be a promising and useful tool to compare different (soil) management practices in relation to a strategic, regional goal, e.g., sustainable high yields. Before generalizing, we recommend a thorough validation of our SQI in other long-term field experiments.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2013.11.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2013.11.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2013.11.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2013.11.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3176360111", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:26:18Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2021-03-04", "title": "Methane oxidation processes in sediment of the Laptev and East Siberian Seas indicated from microbial lipids and carbon isotope composition", "description": "

&lt;p&gt;The East Siberian Arctic Shelf is an integrated coastal sea system with complex biogeochemical processes influenced by underlying subsea permafrost, hydrates and thermogenic compartments. Methane is released from the marine sediments to the water column, which serves as an interphase between the lithosphere and the atmosphere. Before escaping into water column and atmosphere, methane has potentially experienced extensive aerobic and anaerobic oxidation by microbes in the marine sediment. In particular, the aerobic process is assumed to be dominant in the surface oxic/suboxic marine sediment (upper 1cm) after anaerobic processes in deeper zones. However, these processes are insufficiently understood in sediments of the Arctic Ocean. To probe these, we investigated the microbial lipids and their stable carbon composition in surface marine sediment (upper 1 cm) from two active methane seep areas in the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The microbial fatty acids (C12 to C18 fatty acids) were relatively enriched in &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C (&amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C -18.8 to -31.2&amp;#8240;) compared to that of dissolved CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; in nearby bottom water (-54.6 to -29.7&amp;#8240;). This contrasts to previous reports of strongly depleted &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C signals in microbial lipids (e.g., -100&amp;#8240;) at active marine mid-ocean ridges and mud volcanoes, from quite different ocean areas. The absence of a depleted &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C signal in these general microbial biomarkers suggest that these reflect substrates other than methane such as other parts of the sediment organic matter, indicated by the stronger correlation of &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C between fatty acids and bulk organic carbon than that between fatty acid and CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;. However, the putatively more specific biomarkers for aerobic methanotrophic bacteria (mono-unsaturated C16 and C18 fatty acids) show a distinct pattern in the Laptev Sea and East Siberian Sea: C16:1 and C18:1 were enriched in &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C (up to 4.5 &amp;#8240;) relative to their saturated analogs in the Laptev Sea; whereas, C18:1 was depleted in &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C (up to 4.5 &amp;#8240;) compared to C18 in the East Siberian Sea. This could be because the relative populations of Type I and II methanotrophs were different in the two areas with different carbon assimilation pathways. Our results cannot exclude a slowly active aerobic methanotrophs at methane seeps in the East Siberian Arctic Ocean and thus call for more information from molecular microbiology.&lt;/p&gt;

", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "14. Life underwater", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/3176360111"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3176360111", "name": "item", "description": "3176360111", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3176360111"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "33280884", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:26:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-24", "title": "Precipitation-optimised targeting of nitrogen fertilisers in a model maize cropping system", "description": "Typically, half of the nitrogen (N) fertiliser applied to agricultural fields is lost to the wider environment. This inefficiency is driven by soil processes such as denitrification, volatilisation, surface run-off and leaching. Rainfall plays an important role in regulating these processes, ultimately governing when and where N fertiliser moves in soil and its susceptibility to gaseous loss. The interaction between rainfall, plant N uptake and N losses, however, remains poorly understood. In this study we use numerical modelling to predict the optimal N fertilisation strategy with respect to rainfall patterns and offer mechanistic explanations to the resultant differences in optimal times of fertiliser application. We developed a modelling framework that describes water and N transport in soil over a growing season and assesses nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of split fertilisations within the context of different rainfall patterns. We used ninety rainfall patterns to determine their impact on optimal N fertilisation times. We considered the effects of root growth, root N uptake, microbial transformation of N and the effect of soil water saturation and flow on N movement in the soil profile. On average, we show that weather-optimised fertilisation strategies could improve crop N uptake by 20% compared to the mean uptake. In drier years, weather-optimising N applications improved the efficiency of crop N recovery by 35%. Further analysis shows that maximum plant N uptake is greatest under drier conditions due to reduced leaching, but it is harder to find the maximum due to low N mobility. The model could capture contrasting trends in NUE seen in previous arable cropping field trials. Furthermore, the model predicted that the variability in NUE seen in the field could be associated with precipitation-driven differences in N leaching and mobility. In conclusion, our results show that NUE in cropping systems could be significantly enhanced by synchronising fertiliser timings with both crop N demand and local weather patterns.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "03 medical and health sciences", "550", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/33280884"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "33280884", "name": "item", "description": "33280884", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/33280884"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ldr.2293", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-17T16:14:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-22", "title": "Long-Term Tillage And Cropping System Effects On Chemical And Biochemical Characteristics Of Soil Organic Matter In A Mediterranean Semiarid Environment", "description": "Abstract

Several studies have reported how tillage and cropping systems affect quantity, quality, and distribution of soil organic matter (SOM) along the profile. However, the effect of soil management on the chemical structure of SOM and on its hydrophobic and hydrophilic components has been little investigated. In this work, the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (19\uffe2\uff80\uff89years) effects of two cropping systems (wheat monoculture and wheat/faba bean rotation) and three tillage managements (conventional, reduced, and no tillage) on some chemical characteristics of SOM and their relationships with labile carbon (C) pools were evaluated. Soil samples were taken from the topsoil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm) of a Chromic Haploxerert (central Sicily, Italy). After 19\uffe2\uff80\uff89years of different tillage and cropping systems management, total organic C significantly differed among treatments with the labile organic C pools showing the greater amount in no till and in wheat/faba bean plots. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic components of SOM, determined by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, were mainly affected by cropping system, whereas aromatic components of SOM by tillage. Soil organic matter components and characteristics showed significant correlations with the soil biochemical parameters, confirming the expected synergism between chemical and biochemical properties. This study demonstrated that (i) no tillage and crop rotation improve the chemical and biochemical properties of SOM of Vertisols under semiarid environment; and (ii) tillage management and cropping systems have affected, after 19\uffe2\uff80\uff89years, more the chemical and biochemical properties of SOM than its quantity. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "3303 Development", "Soil Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Development", "6. Clean water", "2300 General Environmental Science", "10122 Institute of Geography", "13. Climate action", "2304 Environmental Chemistry", "Environmental Chemistry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "910 Geography & travel", "1111 Soil Science", "General Environmental Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2293"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Degradation%20%26amp%3B%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ldr.2293", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ldr.2293", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ldr.2293"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-002-0459-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:14:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-02-13", "title": "Impact Of A Change In Tillage And Crop Residue Management Practice On Soil Chemical And Microbiological Properties In A Cereal-Producing Red Duplex Soil In Nsw, Australia", "description": "The effect of a change of tillage and crop residue management practice on the chemical and microbiological properties of a cereal-producing red duplex soil was investigated by superimposing each of three management practices (CC: conventional cultivation, stubble burnt, crop conventionally sown; DD: direct-drilling, stubble retained, no cultivation, crop direct-drilled; SI: stubble incorporated with a single cultivation, crop conventionally sown), for a 3-year period on plots previously managed with each of the same three practices for 14 years. A change from DD to CC or SI practice resulted in a significant decline, in the top 0\u20135 cm of soil, in organic C, total N, electrical conductivity, NH4-N, NO3-N, soil moisture holding capacity, microbial biomass and CO2 respiration as well as a decline in the microbial quotient (the ratio of microbial biomass C to organic C; P 0.05). However, there was a significant increase in microbial biomass and the microbial quotient in the top 0\u20135 cm of soil following the change from CC to DD or SI practice and with the change from SI to DD practice (P <0.05). Analysis of ester-linked fatty acid methyl esters (EL-FAMEs) extracted from the 0- to 5-cm and 5- to 10-cm layers of the soils of the various treatments detected changes in the FAME profiles following a change in tillage practice. A change from DD practice to SI or CC practice was associated with a significant decline in the ratio of fungal to bacterial fatty acids in the 0- to 5-cm soil (P <0.05). The results show that a change in tillage practice, particularly the cultivation of a previously minimum-tilled (direct-drilled) soil, will result in significant changes in soil chemical and microbiological properties within a 3-year period. They also show that soil microbiological properties are sensitive indicators of a change in tillage practice.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "biomass", "cellular organisms", "microbiology", "Australia", "Microbial biomass", "duplex", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Fatty acid methyl esters", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Stubble retention", "Tillage", "crop residue", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic C", "Bacteria (microorganisms)", "management practice"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-002-0459-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-002-0459-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-002-0459-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-002-0459-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-003-0607-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:14:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-12", "title": "Nitrogen Fertilization Of Wheat Residue Affecting Nitrous Oxide And Methane Emission From A Central Ohio Luvisol", "description": "Fertilization of wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) residue applied to degraded soils has shown promise as an option to restoring soil organic C (SOC) stocks, but the impact of the practice on N2O and CH4 emissions is not clear. It was hypothesized that, in addition to the mulch-induced soil wetness conditions favorable for N2O and CH4 formation, emission of these gases will be stimulated due to increased availability of mineral N and interference of NH4+ with CH4 oxidation in soils. During the period February\u2013November 2000, fluxes of N2O and CH4 were monitored in a plant-free central Ohio Crosby soil (fine, mixed, mesic Aeric Ochraqualf) amended for 4 years with wheat straw (bare, 0; low, 8 Mg ha\u20131 year\u20131; and high, 16 Mg ha\u20131 year\u20131) without and with N fertilization (244 kg N ha\u20131). The average annual N2O fluxes were 1.1 kg N2O-N ha\u20131 in the unfertilized and 4.1 kg N2O-N ha\u20131 in the fertilized treatments. Annual N2O emission (Y, mg N2O-N m\u20132) was strongly correlated to the maximum daily flux (X, mg N2O-N m\u20132 day\u20131; Y=48.3X\u221258.1, R2=0.85, P<0.001) recorded on experimental plots. These flux maxima occurred at spring thaw in the unfertilized, and 6\u201330 days after fertilization in the fertilized treatments. Net CH4 uptakes were measured on some occasions; overall, however, all the treatments were net CH4 emitters with annual rates of 3.6, 4.9 and 5.1 kg CH4-C ha\u20131 in the bare, low and high residue treatments, respectively. No significant effect of fertilization and mulch rate on CH4 fluxes was found, but temperature and landscape position appeared as strong controllers. Regardless of treatments, the highest CH4-emitting plots were located in a minor depressional area at the experimental site. A comparison of SOC gain and N2O and CH4 emission expressed as CO2-equivalents indicates that the residue treatments have a net CO2-mitigating effect, but since C sequestration rates are expected to decrease with time, that positive effect will likely vanish after 7 and 12 more years in the fertilized and unfertilized residue treatments, respectively.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, Pierre-Andr\u00e9 Jacinthe,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-003-0607-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-003-0607-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-003-0607-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-003-0607-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-04-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.027", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-17T16:15:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-04-13", "title": "Biochar, Hydrochar And Uncarbonized Feedstock Application To Permanent Grassland\u2014Effects On Greenhouse Gas Emissions And Plant Growth", "description": "Abstract Both reductions of greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration have the potential to reduce global climate warming and avoid dangerous climate change. We assessed the sequestration potential as well as possible risks and benefits of carbon amendments (16\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04% of soil organic C) from Miscanthus\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0giganteus in different carbonization stages of a temperate grassland soil together with pig slurry: (1) untreated dried biomass (feedstock), (2) hydrothermally carbonized biomass (hydrochar) and (3) pyrolyzed biomass (biochar) in comparison to a control (only pig slurry application). The field study was complemented by a laboratory incubation study, followed by a growth experiment with Lolium perenne. In the field, greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, N2O, and CH4) were monitored weekly over 1.5 years and over three months in the lab. Initial nitrogen losses via ammonia emissions after substrate\u2013slurry application were assessed in an additional greenhouse study. We found that biochar reduced soil and ecosystem respiration in incubation and in the field, respectively. Additionally, biochar improved methane oxidation, though restricted by emissions outbursts due to slurry amendment. It also reduced N2O emissions significantly in the lab study but not in the field. Hydrochar and feedstock proved to be easily degradable in incubation, but had no effect on ecosystem respiration in the field. Feedstock amendment significantly increased N2O emissions in incubation and one year after application likewise in the field. In a growth experiment subsequent to the incubation, only biochar amendment increased L. perenne biomass (+29%) significantly, likely due to N retention. In the field, biochar caused a significant shift in the plant species composition from grasses to forbs, whereas hydrochar significantly reduced yields within two growth periods (2011 and 2012). Ammonia emissions were significantly higher with feedstock and biochar compared to the control or acidic hydrochar. The overall results indicate that biochar is better suited for C sequestration and GHG mitigation in grasslands than hydrochar or the uncarbonized feedstock. However, NH3 emission reductions may only occur when the biochar is neutral or slightly acidic.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Christian Koch, Sonja Schimmelpfennig, Ludger Gr\u00fcnhage, Christoph M\u00fcller, Christoph M\u00fcller, Claudia Kammann,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.027"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.027", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.027", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.027"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-006-0152-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:14:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-27", "title": "Biological Nitrogen Fixation By Common Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Increases With Bio-Char Additions", "description": "This study examines the potential, magnitude, and causes of enhanced biological N2 fixation (BNF) by common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) through bio-char additions (charcoal, biomass-derived black carbon). Bio-char was added at 0, 30, 60, and 90 g kg\u22121 soil, and BNF was determined using the isotope dilution method after adding 15N-enriched ammonium sulfate to a Typic Haplustox cropped to a potentially nodulating bean variety (CIAT BAT 477) in comparison to its non-nodulating isoline (BAT 477NN), both inoculated with effective Rhizobium strains. The proportion of fixed N increased from 50% without bio-char additions to 72% with 90 g kg\u22121 bio-char added. While total N derived from the atmosphere (NdfA) significantly increased by 49 and 78% with 30 and 60 g kg\u22121 bio-char added to soil, respectively, NdfA decreased to 30% above the control with 90 g kg\u22121 due to low total biomass production and N uptake. The primary reason for the higher BNF with bio-char additions was the greater B and Mo availability, whereas greater K, Ca, and P availability, as well as higher pH and lower N availability and Al saturation, may have contributed to a lesser extent. Enhanced mycorrhizal infections of roots were not found to contribute to better nutrient uptake and BNF. Bean yield increased by 46% and biomass production by 39% over the control at 90 and 60 g kg\u22121 bio-char, respectively. However, biomass production and total N uptake decreased when bio-char applications were increased to 90 g kg\u22121. Soil N uptake by N-fixing beans decreased by 14, 17, and 50% when 30, 60, and 90 g kg\u22121 bio-char were added to soil, whereas the C/N ratios increased from 16 to 23.7, 28, and 35, respectively. Results demonstrate the potential of bio-char applications to improve N input into agroecosystems while pointing out the needs for long-term field studies to better understand the effects of bio-char on BNF.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "fijaci\u00f3n biol\u00f3gica del nitr\u00f3geno", "phaseolus vulgaris", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "biological nitrogen fixation", "15. Life on land", "suelo \u00e1cido", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "acid soils", "6. Clean water", "rhizobium", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "mycorrhizae", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Juan Ram\u00edrez, Johannes Lehmann, Mar\u00eda del Pilar Hurtado, Marco Antonio Rond\u00f3n, Marco Antonio Rond\u00f3n,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-006-0152-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-006-0152-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-006-0152-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-006-0152-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:15:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-06", "title": "Characterization Of The Amino Acid Composition Of Soils Under Organic And Conventional Management After Addition Of Different Fertilizers", "description": "The classical nitrogen (N) cycling model has provided good understanding of inorganic N dynamics in agricultural soils, but largely ignores organic N available to plants. The ability of numerous crop plant species to take up and use amino acids underlines the importance of this N pool in agricultural systems; therefore, the soil free amino acids (FAA) pool was quantified in soils under organic (organic soil) and conventional (conventional soil) management after addition of different types of fertilizer. After application of the same amount of N as urea, alfalfa, rice straw, or compost\u00a0in the organic soils and urea or alfalfa in the conventional soils, water-extractable amino acid composition and concentrations, and inorganic and microbial N were measured during a 56 day soil incubation. Alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, serine, tryptophan, and valine were the most abundant soil FAA. Organic and conventional soils did not significantly differ in their soil FAA composition and concentrations. Urea significantly modified FAA composition, but only in organic soils, suggesting that urea disrupts microbial structure and/or metabolic pathways in organic soils. Alfalfa and compost did not alter FAA composition and concentrations, indicating that any pulses of amino acids from these materials are short lived. On the contrary, straw significantly increased FAA concentrations after 15\u00a0days, coinciding with an increase in microbial biomass N. FAA concentrations remain low and have a largely constant composition in both organic and conventional soils; however, the addition of some fertilizers can significantly alter FAA composition and concentrations, which may affect the importance of amino acid N in the total N budget of plants. These findings warrant further research into the mechanisms controlling soil FAA composition and concentration in agricultural soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Mineralization", "Matter", "Forest Soils", "Field", "Availability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "910", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "630", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Wheat", "Sorption", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Nitrogen Forms"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-015-1210-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:15:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-03", "title": "Effects Of Pasture Management On Soil Fertility And Microbial Communities In The Semi-Arid Grasslands Of Inner Mongolia", "description": "Grasslands are an important ecosystem covering about a quarter of the earth\u2019s surface. Different management practices of grassland ecosystems can have a major impact on the sustainability of these ecosystems. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of different pasture management practices on soil properties and microbial communities in the semi-arid grassland ecosystem in Inner Mongolia. Long-term experimental plots were established in the semi-arid grasslands of Inner Mongolia to study the effect of different grazing practices on soil properties and microbial communities. The treatments included (1) enclosure from grazing since 1983 (E83), (2) enclosure from grazing since 1996 (E96), and (3) continuous free grazing (FG). We collected the soil samples from these treatments to study soil properties and microbial biomass abundance and diversity. An incubation study was also conducted using soils from E96 and FG treatments to determine the growth responses of ammonia oxidizers to urea addition. Soil organic matter and total N increased when the grassland was enclosed from grazing, but soil fertility did not increase further with continued enclosure extending from 1996 to 1983. Enclosure also increased microbial biomass but did not significantly affect the microbial diversity. Both ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) grew when supplied with urea-N, but the growth rate was higher in the soil from FG than in the soils from enclosed areas. The phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) of bacteria i15:0, 16:1 \u03c97c, 16:1 \u03c95c, 16:0, 18:1 \u03c97c, and actinomycetes 10-Me-16:0 used the most of the 13C-urea in both the E83 and FG soils. There was higher incorporation of 13C in PLFA 16:0 in the E83 soil after 3 and 7\u00a0days incubation, compared with the FG soil, suggesting higher metabolic activity in the E83 soil than the soil from the FG treatment. Most of the effects by the different pasture management practices were confined to the surface soil (0\u201320\u00a0cm), and there was minimal effect in the subsoils (below 20\u00a0cm). These results suggest that enclosure of grassland from grazing not only affects soil fertility but also microbial biomass and ammonia-oxidizing populations. Microbial communities are sensitive to pasture management changes, and these have implications to nutrient cycling and management in these grassland ecosystems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-015-1210-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-015-1210-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-015-1210-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-015-1210-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-015-1320-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:15:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-12-08", "title": "Differential Responses Of Soil Bacterial Taxa To Long-Term P, N, And Organic Manure Application", "description": "Soil microorganisms and their interactions with environmental factors govern critical ecosystem processes. However, the changes of soil microbial communities (e.g., relative abundance changes of different phylotypes) and the links between specific environmental factors and microbial communities are not well understood. We applied high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons to investigate the effects of mineral fertilizers P (superphosphate), N (urea), and NP and organic manure fertilizer (M) and its combined with mineral fertilizers (NM, PM, NPM) on bacterial and archaeal communities in rain-fed winter wheat soils in a 30-year experiment in the Loess Plateau of northwest China. Dramatic changes of soil respiration and the concentrations of total organic C, total N, and microbial biomass C and N were found in manure application soils (M, NM, PM, NPM) and some of them in NP soil. Soil microbial community structure shifted after fertilization, and a significant difference of prokaryotic community structure was found between mineral fertilizer soils (P, N, and NP) and manure application soils (M, NM, PM, NPM) except the soils between PM and P. The prokaryotic community structure in M soil was different from that in NM and NPM soils and differed between N and P and NP soils. Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla (55.5\u201376.5\u00a0% of abundance) and, together with some other phyla, were changed by fertilization at the phylum or lower taxon ranks. No fertilizer soil had the highest relative abundances of phyla WS3 and Gemmatimonadetes. P soil changed the relative abundances of phyla Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Verrucomicrobia, but only enriched the bacteria at the family level (Micrococcaceae) when combined with N or M application (NP, PM, and NPM). Some copiotrophic bacteria showed different responses to nitrogen and manure applications, e.g., Actinobacteria increased in abundance in nitrogen application soils (N, NP, NM, and NPM), whereas Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria increased in abundance in manure application soils (M, NM, PM, and NPM). The above patterns of the relative abundance vs nitrogen or manure application were correlated to soil C and N contents or C/N ratio. These results supported the hypothesis that different bacterial taxa would be favorable in P, N, and manure application soils and suggested that the changes of bacteria taxa in fertilized soils appeared to be more driven by nitrogen and manure applications than P application.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hongfei Ji, Ying Wang, Changqing Gao,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-015-1320-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-015-1320-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-015-1320-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-015-1320-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.03.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-17T16:15:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-04-08", "title": "The Influence Of The Type Of Crop Residue On Soil Organic Carbon Fractions: An 11-Year Field Study Of Rice-Based Cropping Systems In Southeast China", "description": "Abstract Retaining crop residue is an important agronomic practice in sustainable agriculture, particularly to maintain soil organic carbon (SOC). To evaluate the effect of the retention of different types of crop residues on SOC and labile fractions, a long-term rice-based crop rotation experiment was established with five different winter cropping practices: (1) rice-fallow (RF), (2) rice\u2013wheat (RW), (3) rice\u2013potato with rice straw mulch (RP), (4) rice\u2013green manure (Chinese milk vetch; RG), and (5) rice\u2013oilseed rape (RO). The results showed that the annual rice yields in the RP, RO, RG, and RW treatments were not significantly different from each other, but 13.3%, 10.2%, 10.3%, and 8.4% higher, respectively, than in the RF treatment. Furthermore, the soil properties in the RP system improved significantly compared with those at the initiation of the study, with increases of 14.7% in total N, 17.5% in total P, 77.2% in available K, and 13.9% in SOC content. Considering the slight rice yield increase and superiority in the annual net income, the RP treatment seems to be a promising rotation system to meet the sustainability requirements for the agro-ecosystem. The responses of the labile SOC fractions (i.e., microbial biomass C (MBC), dissolved organic C (DOC), hot-water extractable C (HWC), permanganate-oxidizable C (KMnO4-C), and particulate organic C in the 0\u201320\u00a0cm layer) to the crop rotation systems with the retention of different crop residues over the period of 11 years were specific to the types of the rotation system and closely related to the soil fertility properties. The RP treatment had comparatively higher content of DOC, HWC, MBC, and KMnO4-C than the other treatments in both 0\u201310\u00a0cm and 10\u201320\u00a0cm depths. The RW treatment had higher KMnO4-C content but lower MBC and POC content than the other treatments. The RO treatment had lower MBC content compared to the other treatments, while the opposite results were found in the RG treatment. Furthermore, the DOC content was improved by the winter crop growth. The changes in labile SOC might be attributable to the types of residues retained.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Dangying Wang, Xiaoguo Zhang, Chunmei Xu, Song Chen, Jinxiang Yan, Xiufu Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.03.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.03.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.03.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2016.03.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ecy.2936", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:14:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-21", "title": "Soil chemistry turned upside down: a meta\u2010analysis of invasive earthworm effects on soil chemical properties", "description": "Abstract

Recent studies have shown that invasive earthworms can dramatically reduce native biodiversity, both above and below the ground. However, we still lack a synthetic understanding of the underlying mechanisms behind these changes, such as whether earthworm effects on soil chemical properties drive such relationships. Here, we investigated the effects of invasive earthworms on soil chemical properties (pH, water content, and the stocks and fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus) by conducting a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis. Invasive earthworms generally increased soil pH, indicating that the removal of organic layers and the upward transport of more base\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich mineral soil caused a shift in soil pH. Moreover, earthworms significantly decreased soil water content, suggesting that the burrowing activities of earthworms may have increased water infiltration of and/or increased evapotranspiration from soil. Notably, invasive earthworms had opposing effects on organic and mineral soil for carbon and nitrogen stocks, with decreases in organic, and increases in mineral soil. Nitrogen fluxes were higher in mineral soil, whereas fluxes in organic soil were not significantly affected by the presence of invasive earthworms, indicating that earthworms mobilize and redistribute nutrients among soil layers and increase overall nitrogen loss from the soil. Invasive earthworm effects on element stocks increased with ecological group richness only in organic soil. Earthworms further decreased ammonium stocks with negligible effects on nitrate stocks in organic soil, whereas they increased nitrate stocks but not ammonium stocks in mineral soil. Notably, all of these results were consistent across forest and grassland ecosystems underlining the generality of our findings. However, we found some significant differences between studies that were conducted in the field (observational and experimental settings) and in the lab, such as that the effects on soil pH decreased from field to lab settings, calling for a careful interpretation of lab findings. Our meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis provides strong empirical evidence that earthworm invasion may lead to substantial changes in soil chemical properties and element cycling in soil. Furthermore, our results can help explain the dramatic effects of invasive earthworms on native biodiversity, for example, shifts towards the dominance of grass species over herbaceous ones, as shown by recent meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analyses.

", "keywords": ["Element flux", "Nitrogen", "Earthworm ecological group", "Forests", "Nitrate", "exotic earthworms", "Nutrient cycling", "nitrogen", "Article", "earthworm ecological group", "Soil", "nitrate", "Animals", "phosphorus", "soil carbon", "Oligochaeta", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "water content", "Exotic earthworms", "2. Zero hunger", "Water content", "Plan_S-Compliant-TA", "pH", "nutrient cycling", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "Soil carbon", "nitrification", "ammonium", "13. Climate action", "international", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "element flux", "Ammonium"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ecy.2936"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2936"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecy.2936", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecy.2936", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecy.2936"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jsfa.7302", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:14:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-10", "title": "Long-Term Impacts Of Grazing Intensity On Soil Carbon Sequestration And Selected Soil Properties In The Arid Eastern Cape, South Africa", "description": "AbstractBACKGROUND

Little is known about how basic soil properties respond to contrasting grazing intensities in the Karoo biome, South Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate impacts of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (>75 years) grazing at 1.18 heads ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (heavy; CGH), 0.78 heads ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (light; CGL), and exclosure on selected soil properties. Soil samples were collected to a depth of 60 cm from the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experimental site of Grootfontein Agricultural Development Institute, Eastern Cape. The samples were analyzed for C, N, bulk density and infiltration rate, among others.

RESULTS

Generally, heavy and light grazing reduced soil N storage by 27.5% and 22.6%, respectively, compared with the exclosure. Animal exclusion improved water infiltration rate and C stocks significantly (P < 0.05), which was 0.128, 0.097, and 0.093 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for exclosure, CGL and CGH, respectively. Soil penetration resistance was higher for grazing treatments in the top 3\uffe2\uff80\uff937 cm soil layer but for exclosure at the top 1 cm soil surface.

CONCLUSION

Although livestock exclusion has the potential to improve C sequestration, a sufficient resting period for 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932 years followed by three consecutive grazing years at light stocking rate would be ideal for sustainable livestock production in this arid region of South Africa. \uffc2\uffa9 2015 Society of Chemical Industry

", "keywords": ["570", "Livestock", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "continuous grazing", "01 natural sciences", "630", "nitrogen", "Soil", "South Africa", "arid lands", "Animals", "exclosure", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "carbon", "Feeding Behavior", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "soil properties", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7302"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.7302", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.7302", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.7302"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-17T16:14:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-22", "title": "Effects Of Warming, Summer Drought, And Co2 Enrichment On Aboveground Biomass Production, Flowering Phenology, And Community Structure In An Upland Grassland Ecosystem", "description": "Future climate scenarios predict simultaneous changes in environmental conditions, but the impacts of multiple climate change drivers on ecosystem structure and function remain unclear. We used a novel experimental approach to examine the responses of an upland grassland ecosystem to the 2080 climate scenario predicted for the study area (3.5A degrees C temperature increase, 20% reduction in summer precipitation, atmospheric CO2 levels of 600 ppm) over three growing seasons. We also assessed whether patterns of grassland response to a combination of climate change treatments could be forecast by ecosystem responses to single climate change drivers. Effects of climate change on aboveground production showed considerable seasonal and interannual variation; April biomass increased in response to both warming and the simultaneous application of warming, summer drought, and CO2 enrichment, whereas October biomass responses were either non-significant or negative depending on the year. Negative impacts of summer drought on production were only observed in combination with a below-average rainfall regime, and showed lagged effects on spring biomass. Elevated CO2 had no significant effect on aboveground biomass during this study. Both warming and the 2080 climate change scenario were associated with a significant advance in flowering time for the dominant grass species studied. However, flowering phenology showed no significant response to either summer drought or elevated CO2. Species diversity and equitability showed no response to climate change treatments throughout this study. Overall, our data suggest that single-factor warming experiments may provide valuable information for projections of future ecosystem changes in cool temperate grasslands.", "keywords": ["free air CO2 enrichment", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "interannual variation", "vegetation dynamics", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "grassland productivity", "biodiversity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-23T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=water&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=water&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=water&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=water&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 6633, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-17T17:44:14.039880Z"}