Seedlings of Quercus petraea (oak), Fraxinus excelsior (ash) and Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) were grown at two CO2 concentrations with two O3 and two water supply treatments for 3 yr in a factorial experiment. Oak was the most responsive species to all three treatments; elevated CO2 and irrigation increased biomass by an average of 79% and 41%, respectively, whereas the ozone treatment resulted in a 30% reduction in growth. Significant treatment interactions in this species demonstrated that CO2 ameliorated and irrigation exacerbated the effects of ozone. For Scots pine and ash, irrigation and elevated CO2 increased growth by approx. 60% and 20%, respectively, whereas ozone had no detectable effect on ash and resulted in a 15% reduction in growth of Scots pine. Carbon partitioning to the shoot was enhanced by both the CO2 and H2O treatments in oak, while branching was also increased in this species in response to elevated O3, resulting in changes to the allometric relationships. CO2 enhanced leaf production in oak and Scots pine, and together with the promotion of shoot allocation, this indicates an increased susceptibility to windthrow. Biomass accumulation expressed as relative growth rate, suggested three different time\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent growth responses to elevated CO2; the CO2 fertilization effect was maintained through the third year of growth in oak, had disappeared in Scots pine and a negative effect was evident in ash. Foliar nitrogen and chlorophyll concentrations indicated a CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced nitrogen deficiency in oak and ash, but not in Scots pine. Chlorophyll degradation in response to ozone was observed in oak, an effect that was enhanced by irrigation and reduced by CO2, presumably through stomatal mediated changes in effective ozone dose. These results therefore suggest that elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations will enhance growth of some UK forest tree species, although this might only be apparent during the juvenile phase. However, nitrogen deficiencies might limit this enhancement on some sites while changes in allocation and leaf area might promote susceptibility to windthrow. Elevated CO2 also provides some protection against ozone pollution, especially in combination with limited soil moisture availability. These interactions between CO2, ozone and water supply should be taken into account when predicting the effects of environmental change on tree growth and forest productivity.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "S. B. Jackson, M. S. J. Broadmeadow,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00665.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00665.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00665.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00665.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-009-0370-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-25", "title": "Soil Biological Quality Of Grassland Fertilized With Adjusted Cattle Manure Slurries In Comparison With Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers", "description": "We studied the effect of five fertilizers (including two adjusted manure slurries) and an untreated control on soil biota and explored the effect on the ecosystem services they provided. Our results suggest that the available N (NO 3 \u2212 and NH 4 + ) in the soil plays a central role in the effect of fertilizers on nematodes and microorganisms. Microorganisms are affected directly through nutrient availability and indirectly through grass root mass. Nematodes are affected indirectly through microbial biomass and grass root mass. A lower amount of available N in the treatment with inorganic fertilizer was linked to a higher root mass and a higher abundance and proportion of herbivorous nematodes. A higher amount of available N in the organic fertilizer treatments resulted in a twofold higher bacterial activity (measured as bacterial growth rate, viz. thymidine incorporation), a higher proportion of bacterivorous nematodes, a 30% higher potential N mineralization (aerobic incubation), and 25\u201350% more potentially mineralizable N (anaerobic incubation). Compared to inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilization increased the C total, the N total, the activity of decomposers, and the supply of nutrients via the soil food web. Within the group of organic fertilizers, there was no significant difference in C total, abundances of soil biota, and the potential N mineralization rate. There were no indications that farmyard manure or the adjusted manure slurries provided the ecosystem service \u201csupply of nutrients\u201d better than normal manure slurry. Normal manure slurry provided the highest bacterial activity and the highest amount of mineralizable N and it was the only fertilizer resulting in a positive trend in grass yield over the years\u00a02000\u20132005. The number of earthworm burrows was higher in the treatments with organic fertilizers compared to the one with the inorganic fertilizer, which suggests that organic fertilizers stimulate the ecosystem service of water regulation more than inorganic fertilizer. The trend towards higher epigeic earthworm numbers with application of farmyard manure and one of the adjusted manure slurries, combined with the negative relation between epigeic earthworms and bulk density and a significantly lower penetration resistance in the same fertilizer types, is preliminary evidence that these two organic fertilizer types contribute more to the service of soil structure maintenance than inorganic fertilizer.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nitrogenous fertilizers", "dynamics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "pig slurry", "6. Clean water", "earthworms oligochaeta", "13. Climate action", "nematodes", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "mineralization", "microorganisms", "term", "management", "biodiversity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-009-0370-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-009-0370-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-009-0370-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-009-0370-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-03-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.08.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-09-02", "title": "Soil Moisture And Plant Growth Responses To Litter And Defoliation Impacts In Parkland Grasslands", "description": "Abstract Soil moisture can limit plant production in cool-temperate grasslands, particularly under recent increases in drought severity and predictions of future climate change. This necessitates research that examines moisture mitigation strategies under the dominant land use of grazing. We examined the effectiveness of plant litter in regulating soil moisture dynamics and associated plant production in a native grassland and tame pasture in the Aspen Parkland of Alberta, Canada during 2007/2008, specifically testing (1) how litter and defoliation (as a surrogate for grazing) alter the micro-environment at the soil surface, (2) whether litter, in combination with defoliation, alters forage production, and (3) whether production changes can be linked to observed micro-environmental changes created by litter modification. The full factorial randomized complete block design consisted of three litter treatments (litter removal, in situ control, and double litter) and three defoliation treatments (undefoliated control, light defoliation to 6.5\u00a0cm stubble height, and heavy defoliation to 2.5\u00a0cm). Soil moisture levels were assessed over four periods after summer precipitation to examine soil moisture depletion. Plant phenological development and canopy cover were also assessed throughout 2007, and biomass was measured in August 2007 and 2008. Abundant litter (up to 14,000\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121) improved soil moisture levels in both native and tame grasslands by either maintaining higher absolute moisture levels or reducing total moisture loss after rainfall. Both litter removal and double litter reduced total growing season production compared to in situ levels at the Native Site, despite highest vegetation cover in litter removal plots. High litter levels also improved growth of individual grass tillers at this site, but negatively impacted sexual production. Conversely litter removal improved overall production at the Tame Site, although litter did enhance grass tiller recovery following mid-season defoliation at both sites, in part due to positive influences on soil moisture. Treatment effects on plant production were less pronounced in 2008 than in 2007. Overall, high litter levels improve soil moisture retention and can improve or stabilize plant production particularly in native prairie sites, and can provide an important drought management strategy in the Aspen Parkland.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Walter D. Willms, Eliza S. Deutsch, Edward W. Bork,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.08.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.08.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.08.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2009.08.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.12.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-12-19", "title": "Organic carbon content controls the severity of water repellency and the critical moisture level across New Zealand pasture soils", "description": "Organic matter can render soil hydrophobic and cause soil water repellency (SWR) which has large implications for agriculture. Consequences such as fingered flow, uneven wetting patterns, and increased overland flow reduce irrigation efficiency and plant nutrient availability. The phenomenon of SWR is a transient soil property depending, inter alia, on soil water content (w). Soil can exhibit SWR from oven-dry w until the critical w where it again becomes fully wettable (wNON). The total SWR can be obtained from the nonlinear SWR-w relationship as the integrated trapezoidal area under the SWR-w curve (SWRAREA). We analyzed 78 soil samples, representing five dominant soil orders in the South Island of New Zealand. The soils had a large range in clay (0.000\u20130.520 kg kg\u22121) and organic carbon (OC) content (0.021\u20130.217 kg kg\u22121). The degree of SWR was measured on soils at air-dry conditions (SWRAD) and after heat-pretreatment at 60 (SWR60) and 105\u00b0C (SWR105). Further, SWR was measured in small w increments above air-dry w until wNON was reached. The SWR-w curves were either unimodal or bimodal, or no SWR occurred. SWRAREA ranged from 0.16 to 26.82 mN m\u22121 kg kg\u22121. Among the five soil orders tested, the Podzols exhibited the highest severity in SWR, whereas the Semiarid soils were the least hydrophobic soils. In conclusion, OC was the main factor for controlling the severity of SWR. Though, pH also had minor effects on SWR. Further, an upper limit critical water content was derived from the simple relationship between the wNON and OC, which could be applied to improve irrigation practices of pastoral soils. However, there is a need for further testing on different soils and land uses.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "05 Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "06 Biological Sciences", "910", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.12.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.12.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.12.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.12.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ecm.1507", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-09", "title": "Lessons learned from a long\u2010term irrigation experiment in a dry Scots pine forest: Impacts on traits and functioning", "description": "AbstractClimate change exposes ecosystems to strong and rapid changes in their environmental boundary conditions mainly due to the altered temperature and precipitation patterns. It is still poorly understood how fast interlinked ecosystem processes respond to altered environmental conditions, if these responses occur gradually or suddenly when thresholds are exceeded, and if the patterns of the responses will reach a stable state. We conducted an irrigation experiment in the Pfynwald, Switzerland from 2003\uffe2\uff80\uff932018. A naturally dry Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest was irrigated with amounts that doubled natural precipitation, thus releasing the forest stand from water limitation. The aim of this study was to provide a quantitative understanding on how different traits and functions of individual trees and the whole ecosystem responded to increased water availability, and how the patterns and magnitudes of these responses developed over time. We found that the response magnitude, the temporal trajectory of responses, and the length of initial lag period prior to significant response largely varied across traits. We detected rapid and stronger responses from aboveground tree traits (e.g., tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90ring width, needle length, and crown transparency) compared to belowground tree traits (e.g., fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90root biomass). The altered aboveground traits during the initial years of irrigation increased the water demand and trees adjusted by increasing root biomass during the later years of irrigation, resulting in an increased survival rate of Scots pine trees in irrigated plots. The irrigation also stimulated ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level foliar decomposition rate, fungal fruit body biomass, and regeneration abundances of broadleaved tree species. However, irrigation did not promote the regeneration of Scots pine trees, which are reported to be vulnerable to extreme droughts. Our results provide extensive evidence that tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level responses were pervasive across a number of traits on long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term temporal scales. However, after reaching a peak, the magnitude of these responses either decreased or reached a new stable state, providing important insights into how resource alterations could change the system functioning and its boundary conditions.The impacts of invasive plant control on native animals are rarely evaluated. Using data from an eight\uffe2\uff80\uff90year study in southeastern Australia, we quantified the effects on native bird, mammal, and reptile species of (1) the abundance of the invasive Bitou Bush, Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata, and (2) a Bitou Bush control program, which involved repeated herbicide spraying interspersed with prescribed burning. We found that overall species richness of birds, mammals, and reptiles and the majority of individual vertebrate species were unresponsive to Bitou Bush cover and the number of plants. Two species including the nationally endangered Eastern Bristlebird (Dasyurus brachypterus) responded positively to measures of native vegetation cover following the control of Bitou Bush. Analyses of the effects of different components of the treatment protocol employed to control Bitou Bush revealed (1) no negative effects of spraying on vertebrate species richness; (2) negative effects of spraying on only one individual species (Scarlet Honeyeater); and (3) lower bird species richness but higher reptile species richness after fire. The occupancy of most individual vertebrates species was unaffected by burning; four species responded negatively and one positively to fire. Our study indicated that actions to remove Bitou Bush generally have few negative impacts on native vertebrates. We therefore suggest that controlling this highly invasive exotic plant species has only very limited negative impacts on vertebrate biota.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "weed control", "570", "Secondary effects", "off-target impacts", "animal response to weed control", "Indirect impacts", "Fire management", "590", "Non-target impacts", "herbicide impact on animals", "Herbicide impact on animals", "01 natural sciences", "invasive alien plant management", "fire management", "indirect impacts", "14. Life underwater", "non-target impacts", "Invasive alien plant management", "weed management impacts", "Animal response to weed control", "Bitou Bush", "580", "secondary effects", "Weed management impacts", "15. Life on land", "Weed control", "Off-target impacts", "3. Good health", "13. Climate action"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/407435/1/Lindenmayer_et_al_2017_Ecopshere.pdf"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/244051/3/01_Lindenmayer_Non-target_impacts_of_weed_2017.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1804"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecs2.1804", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecs2.1804", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecs2.1804"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ecy.1539", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-28", "title": "Chronic Warming Stimulates Growth Of Marsh Grasses More Than Mangroves In A Coastal Wetland Ecotone", "description": "AbstractIncreasing temperatures and a reduction in the frequency and severity of freezing events have been linked to species distribution shifts. Across the globe, mangrove ranges are expanding toward higher latitudes, likely due to diminishing frequency of freezing events associated with climate change. Continued warming will alter coastal wetland plant dynamics both above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground, potentially altering plant capacity to keep up with sea level rise. We conducted an in situ warming experiment, in northeast Florida, to determine how increased temperature (+2\uffc2\uffb0C) influences co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurring mangrove and salt marsh plants. Warming was achieved using passive warming with three treatment levels (ambient, shade control, warmed). Avicennia germinans, the black mangrove, exhibited no differences in growth or height due to experimental warming, but displayed a warming\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced increase in leaf production (48%). Surprisingly, Distichlis spicata, the dominant salt marsh grass, increased in biomass (53% in 2013 and 70% in 2014), density (41%) and height (18%) with warming during summer months. Warming decreased plant root mass at depth and changed abundances of anaerobic bacterial taxa. Even while the poleward shift of mangroves is clearly controlled by the occurrences of severe freezes, chronic warming between these freeze events may slow the progression of mangrove dominance within ecotones.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Time Factors", "13. Climate action", "Climate Change", "Wetlands", "Florida", "Avicennia", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1539"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecy.1539", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecy.1539", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecy.1539"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108182", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-25", "title": "Global sensitivity analysis of crop yield and transpiration from the FAO-AquaCrop model for dryland environments", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "Yield", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "630", "AquaCrop", "6. Clean water", "Transpiration", "Dryland", "13. Climate action", "Sensitivity analysis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/449637/1/AquaCrop_GSA_rev2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/449637/2/Lu2021_AquaCrop_GSA.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108182"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108182", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108182", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108182"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10533-009-9381-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-10-13", "title": "Plant-Soil Interactions And Acclimation To Temperature Of Microbial-Mediated Soil Respiration May Affect Predictions Of Soil Co2 Efflux", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["Life Sciences", " general", "Carbon cycle modeling", "2. Zero hunger", "Ecosystem ecology", "Life Sciences", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Biogeosciences", "Ecosystems", "6. Clean water", "general", "13. Climate action", "Earth Sciences", "Environmental Chemistry", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Earth-Surface Processes", "Water Science and Technology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt74h8k7gh/qt74h8k7gh.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-009-9381-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10533-009-9381-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10533-009-9381-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10533-009-9381-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-10-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/978-94-007-1521-9_9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:12Z", "created": "2011-06-29", "title": "Ecological Threats And Agricultural Opportunities Of The Aquatic Cane-Like Grass Phragmites Australis In Wetlands", "description": "Wetlands are some of the most biologically productive and dynamic natural ecosystems with multiple value for man and nature. Indeed wetlands provide goods and service such as water storing, floodwater trapping, and trapping of sediment and pollutants. Wetlands also affect climate change by absorbing CO2, storing and releasing heat, and harnessing sunlight using a rich variety of vegetation that supports animal life. However wetlands can be polluted by industrial and commercial operations, agricultural runoff and storm water. Wetlands are degraded by filling in and drainage for land development. Wetlands are also degraded by dredging for commercial and recreational water traffic. Dam construction and irrigation roads change the hydrological status of wetlands. Wetlands allow the growth of aquatic macrophytic vegetation such as the emergent Phragmites australis. P. australis is mainly a clonal plant occurring in natural areas. P. australis invasion in wetlands alters the structure and function of the ecosystem by reducing plant and animal biodiversity and changing hydrological regimes and nutrient cycles. This invasion leads to less food or cover for wildlife, decreased use of an area for recreational purposes and decreased availability of drinking and irrigating water. Several methods have been applied in order to control P. australis growth. Control methods include non ecological methods such as burning that releases CO2 in the atmosphere and chemical control with non-specific herbicides. Control methods include also ecological methods such as grazing and removal of above-ground biomass by cutting. Cuttings can in turn be used for on-farm application as green manure or sludge after energy production and compost production. An economic and ecological basis for accepting a beneficial role for P. australis is lacking. This report focuses on the possibility that people living near wetlands could produce compost using plant material from P. australis. Suitable use of compost in agriculture could reduce the fertilizer application and thereby reduce the environmental pollution, improve food security and soil productivity, and increase sustainability in the agroecosystems. It can also play role in the climate change because part of the organic C is released as CO2 in the atmosphere and the rest is consumed by the decomposers.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1521-9_9"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/978-94-007-1521-9_9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/978-94-007-1521-9_9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/978-94-007-1521-9_9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108579", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-23", "title": "Crop yield estimation and irrigation scheduling optimization using a root-weighted soil water availability based water production function", "description": "Project Co-ordinators: Dr. Jose Alfonso G\u00f3mez Calero (Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS-CISC), Dr. Weifeng Xu (Fujian Agriculture and Forest University, FAFU). -- Trabajo desarrollado bajo la financiaci\u00f3n del proyecto \u201cSoil Hydrology research platform underpinning innovation to manage water scarcity in European and Chinese cropping Systems\u201d (773903), coordinado por Jos\u00e9 Alfonso G\u00f3mez Calero, investigador del Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS). The crop-water production function (CWPF) is widely used to quantitatively describe relationships between crop water deficit and yield, and evaluate the effects of different irrigation strategies in agro-hydrological models. In order to reasonably and reliably estimate crop yield and optimize irrigation scheduling, a novel CWPF was proposed by combining the plant water deficit index (PWDI), estimated based on root-weighted soil water availability, with a daily water sensitivity index derived from a sigmoidal cumulative function. Parameterized using data from a two-year winter wheat field lysimetric experiment conducted in the North China Plain and from a previously published two-year spring maize field drip irrigation experiment in Inner Mongolia, China, the CWPFs provided reasonable estimation of different crop yields with different water stress response characteristics under different field environments. Through coupling the genetic algorithm with the integrated simulations of soil water dynamics, PWDI and CWPF in the soil-wheat system, an optimization procedure was developed to determine PWDI threshold combinations to timely trigger irrigation according to pre-designed crop water deficit status. Crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat were estimated and compared under different optimized constant and variable PWDI threshold combinations. In addition, the effects of climate change on the optimized variable PWDI threshold combinations were investigated using 38 years of historic meteorological data. The results showed that regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) with a variable threshold combination, in which the sensitivity characteristics to water deficit were considered for the crop at different growth stages, was superior to a constant threshold in enhancing crop yield and WUE. Irrespective of the number of irrigation events (1, 2, 3 or 4) during the growing season, the coefficients of variation (CV) of optimized PWDI thresholds for different combinations of irrigation sequence and events were not very large under the same kind of hydrological year (wet, normal or dry), with CV < 0.39 and a median of 0.21. When the mean (MN) of the optimized PWDI threshold combinations for different irrigation sequence and events was used to schedule RDI of winter wheat in terms of various hydrological years, up to 91% of the estimated relative yield was found to be higher than 90% of the corresponding maximum values. Therefore, the MN can be valuable in formulating rational irrigation management strategies of winter wheat to achieve relatively high yields with limited water under changing climatic conditions. This research was supported partly by National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1706211, 51790532), National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFE0118100), and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Project SHui, grant agreement No 773903. Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["Winter wheat", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Root-weighted plant water deficit index", "13. Climate action", "Crop-water production function", "Cumulative function of water sensitivity index", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Regulated deficit irrigation", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108579"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108579", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108579", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108579"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.092", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-10", "title": "Hydroperiod, Soil Moisture And Bioturbation Are Critical Drivers Of Greenhouse Gas Fluxes And Vary As A Function Of Landuse Change In Mangroves Of Sulawesi, Indonesia", "description": "The loss and degradation of mangroves can result in potentially significant sources of atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. For mangrove rehabilitation carbon projects, quantifying GHG emissions as forests regenerate is a key accounting requirement. The current study is one of the first attempts to systematically quantify emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) from: 1) aquaculture ponds, 2) rehabilitating mangroves, and 3) intact mangrove sites and frame GHG flux within the context of landuse change. In-situ static chamber measurements were made at three contrasting locations in Sulawesi, Indonesia. The influence of key biophysical variables known to affect GHG flux was also assessed. Peak GHG flux was observed at rehabilitating (32.8\u202f\u00b1\u202f2.1\u202fMg\u202fCO2e\u202fha-1\u202fy-1) and intact, mature reference sites (43.8\u202f\u00b1\u202f4.5\u202fMg\u202fCO2e\u202fha-1\u202fy-1) and a dry, exposed disused aquaculture pond (30.6\u202f\u00b1\u202f1.9\u202fMg\u202fCO2e\u202fha-1\u202fy-1). Emissions were negligible at low productivity rehabilitating sites with high hydroperiod (mean 1.0\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.1\u202fMg\u202fCO2e\u202fha-1\u202fy-1) and an impounded, operational aquaculture pond (1.1\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.2\u202fMg\u202fCO2e\u202fha-1\u202fy-1). Heterogeneity in biophysical conditions and geomorphic position exerted a strong influence on GHG flux, with the longer hydroperiod and higher soil moisture content of seaward fringing mangroves correlated with decreased fluxes. A greater abundance of Mud lobster mounds and root structures in landward mangroves correlated to higher flux. When viewed across a landuse change continuum, our results suggest that the initial conversion of mangroves to aquaculture ponds releases extremely high rates of GHGs. Furthermore, the re-institution of hydrological regimes in dry, disused aquaculture ponds to facilitate tidal flushing is instrumental in rapidly mediating GHG flux, leading to a significant reduction in baseline emissions. This is an important consideration for forest carbon project proponents seeking to maximise creditable GHG emissions reductions and removals.", "keywords": ["Nitrous Oxide", "Aquaculture", "Carbon Dioxide", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "Greenhouse Gases", "Soil", "Indonesia", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Water Movements", "Seasons", "14. Life underwater", "Ponds", "Methane", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.092"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.092", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.092", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.092"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.10.024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-11-04", "title": "Soil carbon sequestration rates under Mediterranean woody crops using recommended management practices: A meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract Mediterranean woody crops, such as olive and almond farming, and vineyards are usually cultivated in soils low in organic matter, with limited water availability and frequently on medium to steep slopes. Therefore, when conventionally cultivated, soils of these cropping systems are net sources of CO2 (throughout soil erosion and organic carbon mineralization). A promising option to sequester carbon (C) in these cropping systems is the implementation of recommended management practices (RMPs), which include plant cover in the inter-row area, minimum or no tillage and off- and on-farm organic matter amendments. However, the effects of RMPs on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in these cropping systems are widely overlooked, despite the critical importance of estimating their contribution on CO2 emissions for policy decisions in the agriculture sector in Mediterranean regions. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to derive a C response ratio, soil C sequestration rate and soil C sequestration efficiency under RMPs, compared to conventional management of olive and almond orchards, and vineyards (144 data sets from 51 references). RMPs included organic amendments (OA), plant cover (CC) and a combination of the two (CMP). The highest soil C sequestration rate (5.3\u00a0t\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 yr\u22121) was observed following the application OA in olive orchards (especially after olive mill pomace application), whereas CC management achieved the lowest C sequestration rates (1.1, 0.78 and 2.0\u00a0t\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 yr\u22121, for olive orchards, vineyards and almond orchards, respectively). Efficiency of soil C sequestration was greater than 100% after OA and CMP managements, indicating that: i) some of the organic C inputs were unaccounted for, and ii) a positive feedback effect of the application of these amendments on SOC retention (e.g. reduction of soil erosion) and on protective mechanisms of the SOC which reduce CO2 emissions. Soil C sequestration rate tended to be highest during the first years after the change of the management and progressively decreased. Studies performed in Mediterranean sub-climates of low annual precipitation had lower values of soil C sequestration rate, likely due to a lower biomass production of the crop and other plant cover. Soil C sequestration rates in olive farming were much higher than that of vineyards, mainly due to the application of higher annual doses of organic amendments. The relatively high sequestration rate combined with the relative large spatial extent of these cropping system areas suggests that the adoption of RMPs is a sustainable and efficient measure to mitigate climate change.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "330", "QH301 Biology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "recommended management practices", "carbon sequestration", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "soil organic carbon", "QH301", "13. Climate action", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Mediterranean woody crops", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.10.024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.10.024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.10.024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2016.10.024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.11.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-11-23", "title": "Short-Lived Effects Of Walnut Shell Biochar On Soils And Crop Yields In A Long-Term Field Experiment", "description": "Abstract Many field studies exploring biochars\u2019 effects on plant productivity and soil quality have been limited to just one or two seasons, particularly in temperate agroecosystems, and have not shown how such impacts change as biochars age in the soil. Therefore, we investigated the lasting effects of a walnut shell (WS) biochar on crop yields and soil nutrient cycling and availability over four years in a field experiment. Long-term plots of a tomato-corn rotation were established in a 2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02 factorial design of treatments i) with or without WS biochar amendment and ii) fertilized with mineral fertilizer (MF) or composted poultry manure (CP). Biochar was applied once in 2012 (Year 1) at a rate of 10\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121. Crop yields were measured over four seasons, and soil samples were analyzed for ammonium (NH4+-N) and nitrate (NO3\u2212-N) concentrations and for other nutrient parameters, including exchangeable K+, Ca2+, PO4-P, SO4-S, each year. Walnut shell biochar had an effect only in Year 2 when it increased corn yields by \u223c8% in both MF and CP fertilizer systems and increased exchangeable K+, PO4-P, and Ca2+ in soil through direct additions of these nutrients. These impacts were not observed until a year after application and faded in subsequent years. Inorganic N pools were not significantly affected by the biochar in any season. The WS biochar has a delayed yet short-lived effect on plant-available nutrient concentrations and crop productivity but does not significantly alter nutrient transformations.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.11.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.11.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.11.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2016.11.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-06-22", "title": "Soil Quality Response To Long-Term Nutrient And Crop Management On A Semi-Arid Inceptisol", "description": "Abstract The soil quality concept provides a tool to help quantify the combined biological, chemical and physical response of soil to crop management practices. Our objective was to quantify effects of 10 fertilizer and farm yard manure (FYM) treatments applied for 31 years to a rotation that included maize (Zea mays), pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) on an Inceptisol at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute in New Delhi, India. A soil quality index (SQI) based on six soil functions (i.e. the soil's ability to: accommodate water entry, facilitate water movement and storage, resist surface degradation, resist biochemical degradation, supply plant nutrients and sustain crop productivity) was derived for each treatment using bulk density, water retention, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), plant-available nutrients, soil organic matter (SOM), microbial biomass, soil enzymes and crop yield. SQI ratings ranged from 0.552 (unfertilized control) to 0.838 for the combined NPK fertilizer plus manure treatment. Comparisons among treatments indicated that SQI increases associated with the combined (NPK\u00a0+\u00a0manure) treatment were distributed as follows: N (7.1% increase), P (7.8%), K (14.4%), Zn (4.8%) and manure (15%). The control (\u221211.4%) and N alone (\u22125.1%) resulted in degradation compared to a reference soil (no fertilizer/manure, no crop), and NP alone or sub-optimal rates of NPK were on the verge of degradation. Hand weeding and sulphur application had no measurable effect on SQI. High K fixing capacity was a limiting factor for these soils, even when FYM was applied. The lower SQI rating associated with N or NP-only treatments suggests that two of the most common fertilizer management practices in India may not be sustainable. The SQI was calculated without the weighting factors too, which revealed that the weighting factors did not affect the relative ranks of individual treatments.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.09.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-28", "title": "Conservation Agriculture Based On Crop Rotation And Tillage In The Semi-Arid Loess Plateau, China: Effects On Crop Yield And Soil Water Use", "description": "Abstract In the semi-arid Loess Plateau region, water stress is the main limiting factor for rainfed agriculture; thus, conservation agriculture has been proposed to address this problem in these areas. Since 2007, a middle- to long-term experiment was established in Heyang County, Shaanxi, a region typical of the Loess Plateau, to evaluate the impact of no-tillage (NT), subsoiling tillage (ST) and conventional tillage (CT) on crop yield, water use, and soil water dynamics for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) continuous cropping (WWC), spring maize (Zea mays L.) continuous cropping (SMC), and spring maize-winter wheat rotation cropping (MWR) systems. The highest four-year average wheat yield amounting to 5958\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 was attained in MWR-ST, while the highest maize yield advantage averaging 772\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 was obtained in SMC-NT. There were no significant differences in evapotranspiration (ET) and soil water storage (SWS) at the sowing/harvest stage among all treatments, but the relative greater average SWS before sowing was maintained under conservation tillage practices. The highest water use efficiency (WUE) reaching 10.0\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0mm\u22121 for wheat in MWR and 20.3\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0mm\u22121 for maize in SMC was obtained under ST treatment, while the significant WUE advantage of NT compared with CT was only obtained in SMC. At key growth stages, the higher soil water content (SWC) in the 0\u2013200\u00a0cm soil profile was maintained in the conservation tillage and MWR system for wheat but in the conservation tillage and SMC system for maize. The longer-duration fallows did not produce a better effect on SWS at the sowing stage, while the reduction of soil disturbance enhanced SWS compared with CT. In summary, tillage, cropping system, and their interaction effect produced significant effects on crop production and soil water status, and the above findings might be helpful to draft appropriate management strategies to realize optimal crop yield based on water use.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ningning Chen, Xiaoli Wang, Qian Wang, Shulan Wang, Rui Wang, Wei Lyu, Yujiao Zhang, Lei Sun, Jun Li,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.09.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.09.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.09.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2017.09.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.08.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-27", "title": "Microbial Biomass And Activity At Various Soil Depths In A Brazilian Oxisol After Two Decades Of No-Tillage And Conventional Tillage", "description": "The advantages of no-tillage (NT) over conventional tillage (CT) systems in improving soil quality are generally accepted, resulting from benefits in soil physical, chemical and biological properties. However, most evaluations have only considered surface soil layers (maximum 0\u201330 cm depth), and values have not been corrected to account for changes in soil bulk density. The objective of this study was to estimate a more realistic contribution of the NT to soil fertility, by evaluating C- and N-related soil parameters at the 0\u201360 cm depth in a 20-year experiment established on an oxisol in southern Brazil, with a soybean (summer)/wheat (winter) crop succession under NT and CT. At full flowering of the soybean crop, soil samples were collected at depths of 0\u20135, 5\u201310, 10\u201320, 20\u201330, 30\u201340, 40\u201350 and 50\u201360 cm. For the overall 0\u201360 cm layer, correcting the values for soil bulk density, NT significantly increased the stocks of C (18%) and N (16%) and microbial biomass C (35%) and N (23%) (MB-C and -N) in comparison to CT. Microbial basal respiration and microbial quotient (qMic) were also significantly increased under NT. When compared with CT, NT resulted in gains of 0.8 Mg C ha\u22121 yr\u22121 (67% of which was in the 0\u201330 cm layer) and 70 kg N ha\u22121 yr\u22121 (73% in the 0\u201330 cm layer). In the 0\u20135-cm layer, MB-C was 82% higher with NT than with CT; in addition, the 0\u201330 cm layer accumulated 70% of the MB-C with NT, and 58% with CT. In comparison to CT, the NT system resulted in total inputs of microbial C and N estimated at 38 kg C ha\u22121 yr\u22121 and 1.5 kg N ha\u22121 yr\u22121, respectively. Apparently, N was the key nutrient limiting C and N stocks, and since adoption of NT resulted in a significant increase of N in soils which were deficient in N, efforts should be focused on increasing N inputs on NT systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Julio Cezar Franchini, Mariangela Hungria, Mariangela Hungria, Philip C. Brookes, Let\u00edcia Carlos Babujia, Let\u00edcia Carlos Babujia,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.08.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.08.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.08.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.08.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.05.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-17", "title": "Soil Carbon Sequestration And Stratification In A Cereal/Leguminous Crop Rotation With Three Tillage Systems In Semiarid Conditions", "description": "Abstract The stratification of soil organic matter at different depths is common under conservation tillage and especially under no-tillage. The degree of stratification, or stratification ratio (SR), can be used as an indicator of soil quality because surface organic matter is essential to erosion control, water infiltration, and the conservation of nutrients. In the semiarid regions of the Mediterranean which are devoted to rain-fed crop production, soil has low organic carbon content because of the high mineralization rates of soil organic matter and the lack of crop residue after periods of drought. Twenty-year effects (1985\u20132006) of tillage systems on soil organic carbon (SOC) stratification were studied in a Vertic Luvisol with a loam texture. SOC was expressed in carbon concentration (Cc) and in equivalent soil mass (esm). The tillage treatments used were conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT). These treatments were under winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) rotation (W-VP). Similarly, several stratification ratios (SRs) were assessed as indicators of SOC's time evolution. Before the start of the experiment the crop rotation was cereal-fallow (C-F). In each treatment and replication four soil layers of the same thickness (10\u00a0cm) were sampled to obtain soil bulk density (BD) and Cc. After 20 years the study revealed that the adoption of a W-VP rotation was at least as important as the shift from CT to NT in the increase of stocked SOC in the soil profile. This last treatment was the tillage system with the highest SOC, whereas no significant differences were encountered between MT and CT. The average SOC was 14% higher in NT than in MT and CT. This trend has been systematically observed practically since 1996 to the present in all treatments. The steady state of SOC sequestration was reached after 11 years of starting the experiment in NT and 12 years in CT and MT. SOC, expressed as Cc and esm, showed the highest stratification in NT, second highest in MT and lowest in CT. In NT, stocked SOC increased from 1996 to 2005 in the top layer but it declined systematically in the bottom layer.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "L. Navarrete, J. L. Hernanz, V. S\u00e1nchez-Gir\u00f3n,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.05.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.05.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.05.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2009.05.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.01.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-06", "title": "Soil Respiration In A Subtropical Montane Cloud Forest In Taiwan", "description": "Abstract Little is known about carbon budgets for tropical and subtropical montane cloud forest (TMCF) ecosystems. Information about the soil CO 2 efflux from these ecosystems is particularly scarce, although they have been shown to have special hydrological regimes which might be important in controlling soil respiration. In this study, we used an automatic chamber system to measure soil respiration rates at the Chi-Lan Mountain forest site. The half-hourly dataset was used for analyzing the controlling factors and mechanisms of soil respiration. A manipulation experiment was conducted in the field by applying 3-fold and 1-fold aboveground litter to the soil surface and measuring the respective soil respiration rates using the static alkali chamber method. The results showed that soil respiration rates have a positive exponential correlation with soil temperature and a negative exponential correlation with soil water content. An empirical model relating soil respiration ( R s ) to soil temperature ( T ) and soil water content ( \u03b8 ) is R s \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.095\u00a0+\u00a0e 0.88+0.10 T \u22126.99 \u03b8 with R 2 \u00a0=\u00a00.83. The annual soil respiration rate calculated using this model was 176\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0y \u22121 . This extremely low value might be caused by the permanently high soil moisture and the relative lower mean annual temperature compared to other sites that receive similar amounts of precipitation. The 3-fold and 1-fold litter treatments resulted in significantly higher soil CO 2 efflux compared to the chambers with no litter. The magnitude of difference diminished to negligible levels 6 months after treatment. About 10% of the annual soil respiration was contributed by the mineralization of fresh aboveground litter. The carbon mass loss of the decomposing litter during the first 6 months was mainly due to leaching of dissolved organic carbon (75%) and secondarily due to mineralization of CO 2 . From the results of this study, we hypothesized that the TMCFs may be vulnerable to global warming since the drying of the soil may change the soil from being a carbon sink to being a carbon source, thereby releasing soil organic carbon that had been stored for a long period of time.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.01.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.01.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.01.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.01.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-015-5828-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-26", "title": "The Potential Of Residues Of Furfural And Biogas As Calcareous Soil Amendments For Corn Seed Production", "description": "Intensive corn seed production in Northwest of China produced large amounts of furfural residues, which represents higher treatment cost and environmental issue. The broad calcareous soils in the Northwest of China exhibit low organic matter content and high pH, which led to lower fertility and lower productivity. Recycling furfural residues as soil organic and nutrient amendment might be a promising agricultural practice to calcareous soils. A 3-year field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of furfural as a soil amendment on corn seed production on calcareous soil with compared to biogas residues. Soil physical-chemical properties, soil enzyme activities, and soil heavy metal concentrations were assessed in the last year after the last application. Corn yield was determined in each year. Furfural residue amendments significantly decreased soil pH and soil bulk density. Furfural residues combined with commercial fertilizers resulted in the greater cumulative on soil organic matter, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium, and cation exchange capacity than that of biogas residue. Simultaneously, urease, invertase, catalase, and alkaline phosphatase increased even at the higher furfural application rates. Maize seed yield increased even with lower furfural residue application rates. Furfural residues resulted in lower Zn concentration and higher Cd concentration than that of biogas residues. Amendment of furfural residues led to higher soil electrical conductivity (EC) than that of biogas residues. The addition of furfural residues to maize seed production may be considered to be a good strategy for recycling the waste, converting it into a potential resource as organic amendment in arid and semi-arid calcareous soils, and may help to reduce the use of mineral chemical fertilizers in these soils. However, the impact of its application on soil health needs to be established in long-term basis.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Agriculture", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Biofuels", "Metals", " Heavy", "Seeds", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Furaldehyde", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhijun Ma, Youfu Zhang, Li Zhang, Zhibin Yan, Jiahai Qin, Zhao Yunchen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5828-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-015-5828-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-015-5828-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-015-5828-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-08-27", "title": "Impact Of Reduced Tillage And Cover Cropping On The Greenhouse Gas Budget Of A Maize/Soybean Rotation Ecosystem", "description": "Abstract Agricultural ecosystems have been viewed with the potential to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) by increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) through reduced tillage and cover cropping practices. There remains considerable uncertainty, however, regarding the carbon (C) sink/source potential of these systems and few studies have examined C dynamics in conjunction with other important greenhouse gases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of an alternative management scenario (reduced tillage and cover cropping) on ecosystem respiration ( R E ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and methane (CH 4 ) fluxes in a maize ( Zea mays L.)/soybean ( Glycine max L.) rotation ecosystem in east-central Minnesota, United States. The control treatment was managed using fall tillage with a chisel plow in combination with a tandem disk, and the experimental treatment was managed using strip tillage and a winter rye ( Secal cereale ) cover crop. Over the two-year study period (2004\u20132005), cumulative R E was 222.7\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m \u22122 higher in the alternatively managed treatment as a result of increased decomposition of the cover crop residue. N 2 O fluxes were similar in both treatments during the 2004 growing season and were 100.1\u00a0mg\u00a0N\u00a0m \u22122 higher in the conventional treatment during the 2005 growing season after nitrogen (N) fertilization. N fertilization and fertilizer type were the dominant factors controlling N 2 O fluxes in both treatments. CH 4 fluxes were negligible in both treatments and often below the detection limit. Cumulative growing season N 2 O losses in the control and experimental treatments, which totalled 38.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.1 and 26.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.7\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m \u22122 when converted to CO 2 equivalents, were comparable to the annual estimates of net ecosystem CO 2 exchange in both treatments. This study further supports that N 2 O losses are an important component of the total greenhouse gas budget of agroecosystems. It also suggests that spring cover cropping, without residue removal, has limited C sequestration potential. The results from this study, however, may not necessarily represent equilibrium conditions in the experimental treatment. Rather, they are a measure of the transient response of the system after tillage conversion and cover crop addition. It is expected that the soil microbes will continue to adjust to the reduction in tillage and increased C inputs. Therefore, continued, long-term monitoring is needed to confirm whether the results are representative of equilibrium conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106207", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-08", "title": "Dynamic Management Zones for Irrigation Scheduling", "description": "Open AccessIrrigation scheduling decision-support tools can improve water use efficiency by matching irrigation recommendations to prevailing soil and crop conditions within a season. Yet, little research is available on how to support real-time precision irrigation that varies within-season in both time and space. We investigate the integration of remotely sensed NDVI time-series, soil moisture sensor measurements, and root zone simulation forecasts for in-season delineation of dynamic management zones (MZ) and for a variable rate irrigation scheduling in order to improve irrigation scheduling and crop performance. Delineation of MZ was conducted in a 5.8-ha maize field during 2018 using Sentinel-2 NDVI time-series and an unsupervised classification. The number and spatial extent of MZs changed through the growing season. A network of soil moisture sensors was used to interpret spatiotemporal changes of the NDVI. Soil water content was a significant contributor to changes in crop vigor across MZs through the growing season. Real-time cluster validity function analysis provided in-season evaluation of the MZ design. For example, the total within-MZ daily soil moisture relative variance decreased from 85% (early vegetative stages) to below 25% (late reproductive stages). Finally, using the Hydrus-1D model, a workflow for in-season optimization of irrigation scheduling and water delivery management was tested. Data simulations indicated that crop transpiration could be optimized while reducing water applications between 11 and 28.5% across the dynamic MZs. The proposed integration of spatiotemporal crop and soil moisture data can be used to support management decisions to effectively control outputs of crop \u00d7 environment \u00d7 management interactions.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Irrigation -- Management -- Mathematical models", "Precision agriculture", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Enginyeria hidr\u00e0ulica", "Hydrus-1D", "Temporal variability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Remote sensing", "15. Life on land", "Spatial variability", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "631", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Enginyeria hidr\u00e0ulica", " mar\u00edtima i sanit\u00e0ria::Canals i regadius", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil moisture", "Regatge -- Optimitzaci\u00f3 matem\u00e0tica", "mar\u00edtima i sanit\u00e0ria::Canals i regadius"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106207"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106207", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106207", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106207"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-017-8823-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-24", "title": "Quantitative characterization of pore structure of several biochars with 3D imaging", "description": "Open Access16 pages, 4 figures. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8823-x", "keywords": ["x-ray tomography", "Condensed Matter - Materials Science", "soil amendment", "pore structure", "ta1171", "ta1182", "Water", "Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)", "FOS: Physical sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Diffusion", "Imaging", " Three-Dimensional", "image analysis", "Charcoal", "Image Processing", " Computer-Assisted", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "Porosity", "soil amendments", "ta218", "water retention", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-017-8823-x.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8823-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-017-8823-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-017-8823-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-017-8823-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11367-012-0500-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-19", "title": "Life Cycle Assessment In Green Chemistry: Overview Of Key Parameters And Methodological Concerns", "description": "Several articles within the area of green chemistry often promote new techniques or products as \u2018green\u2019 or \u2018more environmentally benign\u2019 than their conventional counterpart although these articles often do not quantitatively assess the environmental performance. In order to do this, life cycle assessment (LCA) is a valuable methodology. However, on the planning stage, a full-scale LCA is considered to be too time consuming and complicated. Two reasons for this have been recognised, the method is too comprehensive and it is hard to find inventory data. In this review, key parameters are presented with the purpose to reduce the time-consuming steps in LCA. In this review, several LCAs of so-called \u2018green chemicals\u2019 are analysed and key parameters and methodological concerns are identified. Further, some conclusions on the environmental performance of chemicals were drawn. For fossil-based platform chemicals several LCAs exists but for chemicals produced with industrial biotechnology or from renewable resources the number of LCAs is limited, with the exception of biofuels, for which a large number of studies are made. In the review, a significant difference in the environmental performance of bulk and fine chemicals was identified. The environmental performance of bulk chemicals are closely connected to the production of the raw material and thereby different land use aspects. Here, a lot can be learnt from biofuel LCAs. In many of the reviewed articles focusing on bulk chemicals a comparison regarding fossil and renewable raw material was done. In most of the comparisons the renewable alternative turned out to be more environmentally preferable, especially for the impact on GWP and energy use. However, some environmental concerns were identified as important to include to assess overall environmental concern, for example eutrophication and the use of land. To assess the environmental performance of green chemicals, quantitative methods are needed. For this purpose, both simple metrics and more comprehensive methods have been developed, one recognised method being LCA. However, this method is often too time consuming to be valuable in the process planning stage. This is partly due to a lack of available inventory data, but also because the method itself is too comprehensive. Here, key parameters for the environmental performance and methodological concerns were described to facilitate a faster and simpler use of LCA of green chemicals in the future.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-012-0500-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20International%20Journal%20of%20Life%20Cycle%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11367-012-0500-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11367-012-0500-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11367-012-0500-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.04.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-24", "title": "Soil Carbon Dioxide Flux, Carbon Sequestration And Crop Productivity In A Tropical Dryland Agroecosystem: Influence Of Organic Inputs Of Varying Resource Quality", "description": "Abstract In view of the significance of agricultural soils in affecting global C balance, the impact of manipulation of the quality of exogenous inputs on soil CO 2 \u2013C flux was studied in rice\u2013barley annual rotation tropical dryland agroecosystem. Chemical fertilizer, Sesbania shoot (high quality resources), wheat straw (low quality resource) and Sesbania \u00a0+\u00a0wheat straw (high\u00a0+\u00a0low quality), all carrying equivalent recommended dose of N, were added to soil. A distinct seasonal variation in CO 2 \u2013C flux was recorded in all treatments, flux being higher during rice period, and much reduced during barley and summer fallow periods. During rice period the mean CO 2 \u2013C flux was greater in wheat straw (161% increase over control) and Sesbania \u00a0+\u00a0wheat straw (+129%) treatments; however, during barley and summer fallow periods differences among treatments were small. CO 2 \u2013C flux was more influenced by seasonal variations in water-filled pore space compared to soil temperature. In contrast, the role of microbial biomass and live crop roots in regulating soil CO 2 \u2013C flux was highly limited. Wheat straw input showed smaller microbial biomass with a tendency of rapid turnover rate resulting in highest cumulative CO 2 \u2013C flux. The Sesbania input exhibited larger microbial biomass with slower turnover rate, leading to lower cumulative CO 2 \u2013C flux. Addition of Sesbania to wheat straw showed higher cumulative CO 2 \u2013C flux yet supported highest microbial biomass with lowest turnover rate indicating stabilization of microbial biomass. Although single application of wheat straw or Sesbania showed comparable net change in soil C (18% and 15% relative to control, respectively) and crop productivity (32% and 38%), yet they differed significantly in soil C balance (374 and \u22123\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0y \u22121 respectively), a response influenced by the recalcitrant and labile nature of the inputs. Combining the two inputs resulted in significant increment in net change in soil C (33% over control) and crop yield (49%) in addition to high C balance (152\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0y \u22121 ). It is suggested that appropriate mixing of high and low quality inputs may contribute to improved crop productivity and soil fertility in terms of soil C sequestration.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "K. P. Singh, Sonu Singh, Nandita Ghoshal,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.04.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.04.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.04.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.04.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.09.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-11-09", "title": "Influence Of Mouldboard Plough And Rotary Harrow Tillage On Microbial Biomass And Nutrient Stocks In Two Long-Term Experiments On Loess Derived Luvisols", "description": "Abstract The nutrient-specific effects of tillage on microbial activity (basal respiration), microbial biomass (C, N, P, S) indices and the fungal cell-membrane component ergosterol were examined in two long-term experiments on loess derived Luvisols. A mouldboard plough (30\u00a0cm tillage depth) treatment was compared with a rotary harrow (8\u00a0cm tillage depth) treatment over a period of approximately 40 years. The rotary harrow treatment led to a significant 8% increase in the mean stocks of soil organic C, 6% of total N and 4% of total P at 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth compared with the plough treatment, but had no main effect on the stocks of total S. The tillage effects were identical at both sites, but the differences between the sites of the two experiments were usually stronger than those between the two tillage treatments. The rotary harrow treatment led to a significant increase in the mean stocks of microbial biomass C (+18%), N (+25%), and P (+32%) and to a significant decrease in the stocks of ergosterol (\u221226%) at 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth, but had no main effect on the stocks of microbial biomass S or on the mean basal respiration rate. The mean microbial biomass C/N (6.4) and C/P (25) ratios were not affected by the tillage treatments. In contrast, the microbial biomass C/S ratio was significantly increased from 34 to 43 and the ergosterol-to-microbial biomass C ratio significantly decreased from 0.20% to 0.13% in the rotary harrow in comparison with the plough treatment. The microbial biomass C-to-soil organic C ratio varied around 2.1% in the plough treatment and declined from 2.6% at 0\u201310\u00a0cm depth to 2.0 at 20\u201330\u00a0cm depth in the rotary harrow treatment. The metabolic quotient qCO2 revealed exactly the inverse relationships with depth and treatment to the microbial biomass C-to-soil organic C ratio. Rotary harrow management caused a reduction in the microbial turnover in combination with an improved microbial substrate use efficiency and a lower contribution of saprotrophic fungi to the soil microbial community. This contrasts the view reported elsewhere and points to the need for more information on tillage-induced shifts within the fungal community in arable soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.09.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.09.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.09.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.09.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.04.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-05-31", "title": "Interannual And Interseasonal Soil Co2 Efflux And Voc Exchange Rates In A Mediterranean Holm Oak Forest In Response To Experimental Drought", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Drought", "Seasonality", "Soil VOCs", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "CO2 efflux", "Soil monoterpenes", "Soil temperature", "Soil moisture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.04.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.04.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.04.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.04.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.10.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-10-29", "title": "Soil Properties, Crop Production And Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Organic And Inorganic Fertilizer-Based Arable Cropping Systems", "description": "Organic and conventional farming practices differ in the use of several management strategies, including use of catch crops, green manure, and fertilization, which may influence soil properties, greenhouse gas emissions and productivity of agroecosystems. An 11-yr-old field experiment on a sandy loam soil in Denmark was used to compare several crop rotations with respect to a range of physical, chemical and biological characteristics related to carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) flows. Four organic rotations and an inorganic fertilizer-based system were selected to evaluate effects of fertilizer type, catch crops, of grass-clover used as green manure, and of animal manure application. Soil was sampled from winter wheat and spring barley plots on 19 September 2007, 14 April 2008 and 22 September 2008, i.e. before, during, and after the growth season. The soils were analyzed for multiple attributes: total soil organic carbon (SOC), total N, microbial biomass N (MBN), potentially mineralizable N (PMN), and levels of potential ammonium oxidation (PAO) and denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA). In situ measurements of soil heterotrophic carbon dioxide (CO2) respiration and nitrous oxide emissions were conducted in plots with winter wheat. In April 2008, prior to field operations, intact soil cores were collected at two depths (0\u20135 and 5\u201310 cm) in plots under winter wheat. Water retention characteristics of each core were determined and used to calculate relative gas diffusivity (DP/Do). Finally, crop growth was monitored and grain yields measured at harvest maturity. The different management strategies between 1997 and 2007 led to soil carbon inputs that were on average 18\u201368% and 32\u201391% higher in the organic than inorganic fertilizer-based rotations for the sampled winter wheat and spring barley crops, respectively. Nevertheless, SOC levels in 2008 were similar across systems. The cumulative soil respiration for the period February to August 2008 ranged between 2 and 3 t CO2\u2013C ha\u22121 and was correlated (r = 0.95) with average C inputs. In the organic cropping systems, pig slurry application and inclusion of catch crops generally increased soil respiration, PMN and PAO. At field capacity, relative gas diffusivity at 0\u20135 cm depth was >50% higher in the organic than the inorganic fertilizer-based system (P < 0.05). Crop yields in 2008 were generally lower in the low-input organic rotations than in the high-input inorganic fertilizer-based system; only spring barley in rotations with pig slurry application and incorporation of a catch crop prior to sowing obtained grain yields similar to levels achieved in the system where inorganic fertilizer was applied. These results suggest that within organic cropping systems, both microbial activity and crop yields could be enhanced through inclusion of catch crops. However, the timing of catch crop incorporation is critical.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "microbial biomass", "Nutrient turnover", "inorganic fertilizer", "15. Life on land", "potential ammonium oxidation", "Air and water emissions", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "denitrifier enzyme activity", "Soil biology", "/dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/Life", "13. Climate action", "potential mineralizable nitrogen", "catch drop", "gas diffusivity", "11. Sustainability", "Former LIFE faculty"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.10.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.10.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.10.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2010.10.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108393", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-20", "title": "Estimating stomatal conductance and evapotranspiration of winter wheat using a soil-plant water relations-based stress index", "description": "Open AccessThis research was supported partly by National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1706211, 51790532), National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0200303, 2017YFE0118100), and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Project SHui, grant agreement No 773903.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Water stress", "Penman-Monteith", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil-plant water relations", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil matric potential", "15. Life on land", "Jarvis model", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108393"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108393", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108393", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108393"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.catena.2015.02.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-18", "title": "Effects Of No-Tillage Systems On Soil Physical Properties And Carbon Sequestration Under Long-Term Wheat\u2013Maize Double Cropping System", "description": "A thorough assessment of changes in soil quality associated with soil management practices is vital for the selection and establishment of sustainable agricultural management The winter wheat (Triticurn aestivum L)-maize (Zea mays L) double cropping system was used to study the integrated effects of a 9-year-old tillage coupled with fertilization on soil carbon sequestration and other physical properties in the Yellow River Delta (YRD). Three tillage systems were selected: no-tillage with. straw cover plus recommended urea nitrogen rate (NTS), no-tillage with straw removed and manure applied plus recommended urea nitrogen rate (NTM), and conventional tillage with straw removed plus conventional urea nitrogen application rate (CT). There were three replicates of each treatment organized in a randomized block design. NTS and NTM treatments were found to result in a slightly decrease in the soil bulk density (BD), and significantly increased the proportion of water stable aggregates (WSA) (>2 mm), as well as the water infiltration capacity. The proportion of water stable macroaggregates (>0.25 mm), the mean weight diameter (MWD) and the geometric mean diameter (GMD) of aggregates in the 0-20 cm layer were unchanged by NTS and NTM. The total soil organic carbon (SOC) stock at a depth of 0-60 cm was not significantly different among the treatments. Both aggregate-associated SOC concentration and stocks (0-5 cm) were significantly greater for NTS and NTM compared with CT, while CT led to a greater OC accumulation in the 20-60 cm soil layer compared with NTS and in the 10-20 cm compared with NTM. The mesoaggregate fraction (2-0.25 mm) and its associated OC pool accounted for the highest percentages in the whole soil profile under the CT treatment The NT system was found to have a positive effect on the investigated soil physical properties and increase soil carbon content in the soil surface layer. The CT system in conjunction with the wheat-maize double cropping system, however, improved soil aggregation in the soil profile (0-60 cm) and also maintained a higher fraction of SOC in the subsoil compared with the NT systems. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2015.02.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/CATENA", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.catena.2015.02.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.catena.2015.02.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.catena.2015.02.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.cej.2022.135748", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-19", "title": "Evaluating bioelectrochemically-assisted constructed wetland (METland\u00ae) for treating wastewater: Analysis of materials, performance and electroactive communities", "description": "METland\u00ae technology consists of a bioengineering strategy for treating wastewater by integrating microbial electrochemical concepts into constructed wetland systems to enhance pollutants removal. In this context, we have constructed planted (Iris sibirica) biofilters to assess the impact of different electrically conductive bed materials (electroconductive coke, electroconductive biochar, non-electroconductive biochar and gravel) by analyzing the (i) wastewater treatment efficiency (COD and nitrogen removal), (ii) bioelectrochemical response, and (iii) diversity of microbial communities. Electrically conductive materials outperformed non-conductive ones allowing removal rates as high as 175-180 gCOD/bed*m3 day capable to support footprint as low 0.4 m2/pe. In contrast, the highest nitrogen removal rates were achieved with non-conductive biochar in presence of plants (80 %) regardless the anoxic conditions of the assay. This was confirmed by the presence of annamox bacteria like Planctomycetes. Furthermore, the presence of a marked electric potential profile along the bed height in electroconductive materials together with redox pairs (cyclic voltammetry analysis) demonstrated an effective electron flow from bottom to uppermost layers of the bed (geoconductor mechanism). In electroconductive biochar, such effective conductivity-based model co-exists with a geobattery mechanism due to presence of electroactive phenolic and carbonyl/quinone groups and/or microporosity. Microbial biodiversity analysis revealed the impact of plants just at the upper layers of the biofilters where roots and Rhizobium predominate. Bacteria from genus Clostridium were dominant in gravel inert material; in contrast, bacteria from genus Geobacter (12%) and Trichococcus (30%) outcompete the rest of communities for an effective colonization of carbonaceous beds, suggesting their main role as part of the electrosyntrophies mechanism after METland\u00ae.", "keywords": ["Electroactive bacteria", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Metland\u00ae", "Electroconductive biochar", "Wastewater treatment", "QD Chemistry", "6. Clean water", "Constructed wetland", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Microbial electrochemistry", "TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "Qu\u00edmica F\u00edsica"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.135748"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemical%20Engineering%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.cej.2022.135748", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.cej.2022.135748", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.cej.2022.135748"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111380", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-01", "title": "Effect of the growth medium composition on nitrate accumulation in the novel protein crop Lemna minor", "description": "Duckweed is a potential alternative protein source for food and feed. However, little is known about the nitrate accumulation in this plant. A high nitrate level in vegetables can indirectly lead to an elevated intake of nitrites and N-nitroso compounds, increasing the risk of diseases for humans and animals. This research hypothesizes that the nitrate accumulation of Lemna minor differs between growing media. Additionally, it evaluates whether legal safety levels of nitrate for human and animal intake are exceeded. The duckweed was grown on (i) rainwater, and (ii) three synthetic media containing different nutrient levels. Furthermore, (iii) biological effluent of swine manure treatment and (iv) aquaculture effluent from pikeperch production were used, as these are potential media for closing nutrient loops in the agriculture sector. It was found that nitrate levels increased with the increasing availability of macronutrients in the water, and pH showed a particularly strong negative correlation with the nitrate levels in the plant. Nevertheless, nitrate content never exceeded 530\u00a0mg NO3 kg-1 fresh weight. To conclude, Lemna minor's nitrate content was below safety limits for human consumption in all tested growing media; however, a potential risk for ruminants was observed as these are more sensitive to nitrate conversions in their gastro-intestinal track.", "keywords": ["Agriculture and Food Sciences", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "SAMPLES", "Wastewater", "NUTRIENTS", "01 natural sciences", "Food safety", "BIOMASS", "03 medical and health sciences", "Crude protein", "Vegetables", "Lemnaceae", "Animals", "Araceae", "Humans", "Toxicology and Mutagenesis", "PLANT", "FRUITS", "VEGETABLES", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Environmental and Occupational Health", "Agricultural effluents", "NITRITE CONTENT", "Agriculture", "General Medicine", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Pollution", "DUCKWEEDS LEMNACEAE", "6. Clean water", "Culture Media", "NITROGEN", "Feed safety", "Health", "Public Health", "Dietary Proteins"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111380"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecotoxicology%20and%20Environmental%20Safety", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111380", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111380", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111380"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.03.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-03-05", "title": "Exploring the potential of gas-phase esterification to hydrophobize the surface of micrometric cellulose particles", "description": "In order to lift the barrier of a poor interfacial interaction between cellulosic plant fibers and polymeric matrices in biocomposites, an eco-friendly surface modification of fibers was explored. A solvent-free gas-phase ester-ification applied to cellulose particles allowed to graft palmitoyl moieties on their surface in order to make them more compatible with non-polar polymers for composite applications. The efficiency of the treatment was evidenced from FT-IR analysis, and the degree of substitution (DS) was quantified by solid-state 13 C NMR spectroscopy. The effect of surface grafting on resulting intrinsic characteristics of cellulose particles, i.e. crys-tallinity, thermal stability, morphology, surface free energy and water vapor sorption were investigated respectively by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, SEM observations coupled with image analysis, contact angle measurements and dynamic vapor sorption system (DVS). It was shown that a DS as low as 0.01 was enough to drastically increase the hydrophobicity of cellulose particles without affecting the inner properties of cellulose.", "keywords": ["660", "Degree of substitution", "Surface free energy", "est\u00e9rification", "matrice polym\u00e9rique", "cristallinit\u00e9", "Ing\u00e9nierie des aliments", "Gas-phase esterification", "02 engineering and technology", "[SDV.IDA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering", "540", "Water vapor sorption", "01 natural sciences", "Cellulose;Gas-phase esterification;Degree of substitution;Surface free energy;Crystallinity;Water vapor sorption", "sorption de l'eau", "0104 chemical sciences", "[SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering", "biomat\u00e9riau", "Food engineering", "fibre cellulosique", "Cellulose", "0210 nano-technology", "Crystallinity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.03.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Polymer%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.03.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.03.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.03.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.cej.2022.138949", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-01", "title": "Electrifying secondary settlers to enhance nitrogen and pathogens removals", "description": "Economic options to retrofit wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) without tertiary treatments need to be explored. In this regard, bioelectrochemical systems (BES) can be hybridized with existing technologies, upgrading the removal performance of original techniques while avoiding replacement costs. Yet, few demonstrations of merged systems have been given. For the first time, in this work it was built a lab-scale model of a BES merged with a secondary settler, namely e-settler, to enhance the polishing performance of already existing WWTPs. In particular, to concomitantly increase nitrogen removal and perform wastewater (WW) disinfection, avoiding further tertiary treatments. In the e-settlers, nitrogen removal was increased through bioelectrochemical stimulation. Concomitant ammonium and nitrate removal without nitrite accumulation and a negligible amount of nitrous oxide emissions were observed. Ti-MMO as anode material showed a high disinfectant action. In conclusion, it was demonstrated how a simple bioelectrochemical set-up can upgrade existing WWTPs. The following step requires the study at a larger scale, identifying optimal operational and structural parameters for the in-situ application. The main limitations of the e-settlers were discussed, linking them to possible solutions that need to be deepened in a lab-scale model of conventional secondary treatments (activated sludge followed by secondary settler) This work was funded through: the ELECTRA project [grant agreement no. 826244], which was financially supported by the Horizon 2020 programme of the European Union; the NSFC-EU Environmental Biotechnology joint program (No. 31861133001); the Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province (No. 2020CXGC011202). S.P is a Serra H\u00fanter Fellow (UdG-AG-575) and acknowledges the funding from the ICREA Academia award. LEQUiA [2017-SGR-1552] has been recognized as consolidated research group by the Catalan Government Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Elsevier", "keywords": ["Sewage -- Purification -- Nitrogen removal", "Bioelectrochemical system; Wastewater; Ammonium; Nitrate; Secondary treatments; Disinfection", "Aig\u00fces residuals -- Plantes de tractament", "Aig\u00fces residuals -- Depuraci\u00f3 -- Desnitrificaci\u00f3", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "Sewage disposal plants", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/897560/1/Botti%20et%20al_Chemical%20Engineering%20Journal_2023_451-138949.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.138949"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemical%20Engineering%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.cej.2022.138949", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.cej.2022.138949", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.cej.2022.138949"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.11.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-11-17", "title": "The gallium isotopic composition of the bulk silicate Earth", "description": "AbstractWe report a new method for precise analysis of gallium (Ga) isotopic composition in geological samples. The purification of Ga is achieved by a three-step ion exchange chromatography to remove matrix and interfering elements. The 71Ga/69Ga ratios are analyzed by multi-collector inductively-coupled-plasma mass-spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS). The external reproducibility of the measurements (0.05\u2030, 2 s.d.) was assessed by replicate analyses of the USGS BCR-2 and BHVO-2 standards. This newly developed technique was then used to investigate the extent of Ga isotopic fractionation during igneous processes by analyzing well-characterized samples from the Kilauea Iki lava lake, USA. These samples were formed in a closed system and have MgO contents ranging from 26.9 to 2.4wt.%. We found that igneous processes do not fractionate Ga isotopes within the analytical uncertainty and that the Ga isotopic composition of mafic-ultramafic lavas can be used to estimate the composition of their mantle source. Twelve ocean island basalts, two mid-ocean-ridge basalts, one continental flood basalt and one komatiite have homogeneous and nearly identical Ga isotopic compositions within analytical uncertainties averaging 0.00\u00b10.06\u2030 (2s.d.). This value represents the best estimate for the Ga isotopic composition of the bulk silicate Earth", "keywords": ["Bulk Silicate Earth", "Komatiite", "Gallium", "Geology", "MORB", "01 natural sciences", "[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "Geochemistry and Petrology", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "14. Life underwater", "OIB", "MC-ICP-MS", "Basalt", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.11.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemical%20Geology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.11.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.11.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.11.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-01-04", "title": "Carbon Mineralization In Two Ultisols Amended With Different Sources And Particle Sizes Of Pyrolyzed Biochar", "description": "Biochar produced during pyrolysis has the potential to enhance soil fertility and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The influence of biochar properties (e.g., particle size) on both short- and long-term carbon (C) mineralization of biochar remains unclear. There is minimal information on the potential effects of biochar particle sizes on their breakdowns by soil microorganism, so it is unknown if the particle size of biochar influences C mineralization rate and/or stability in soils. In order to evaluate the effect of different sources (BS) and particle sizes (BF) of biochar on C loss and/or stability in soils, an incubation study on C mineralization of different biochar sources and particle sizes was established using two soils (ST): Norfolk soil (fine loamy, kaolinitic, thermic, typic Kandiudults) and Coxville soil (fine loamy kaolinitic, thermic, Paleaquults). In separate incubation vessels, these soils were amended with one of two manure-based biochars (poultry litters, PL; swine solids, SS) or one of two lignocellulosic-based biochars (switchgrass, SG; pine chips, PC) which were processed into two particle sizes (dust, <0.42 mm; pellet, >2 mm). The amount of CO2 evolved varied significantly between soils (p\u22640.0001); particle sizes (p\u22640.0001) and the interactions of biochar source (p\u22640.001) and forms of biochars (p\u22640.0001) with soil types. Averaged across soils and sources of biochar, CO2-C evolved from dust-sized biochar (281 mg kg(-1)) was significantly higher than pellet-sized biochar (226 mg kg(-1)). Coxville soils with SS biochar produced the greatest average CO2-C of 428 mg kg(-1) and Norfolk soils with PC had the lowest CO2-C production (93 mg kg(-1)). Measured rates of carbon mineralization also varied with soils and sources of biochar (Norfolk: PL>SS>SG\u2265PC; Coxville: PC>SG>SS>PL). The average net CO2-C evolved from the Coxville soils (385 mg kg(-1)) was about threefold more than the CO2-C evolved from the Norfolk soils (123 mg kg(-1)). Our results suggest different particle sizes and sources of biochar as well as soil type influence biochar stability.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Minerals", "Hot Temperature", "Swine", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Poultry", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "11. Sustainability", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Particle Size", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.052", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-26", "title": "Poor Efficacy Of Herbicides In Biochar-Amended Soils As Affected By Their Chemistry And Mode Of Action", "description": "We evaluated wheat straw biochar produced at 450\u00b0C for its ability to influence bioavailability and persistence of two commonly used herbicides (atrazine and trifluralin) with different modes of action (photosynthesis versus root tip mitosis inhibitors) in two contrasting soils. The biochar was added to soils at 0%, 0.5% and 1.0% (w/w) and the herbicides were applied to those soil-biochar mixes at nil, half, full, two times, and four times, the recommended dosage (H(4)). Annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) was grown in biochar amended soils for 1 month. Biochar had a positive impact on ryegrass survival rate and above-ground biomass at most of the application rates, and particularly at H(4). Within any given biochar treatment, increasing herbicide application decreased the survival rate and fresh weight of above-ground biomass. Biomass production across the biochar treatment gradient significantly differed (p<0.01) and was more pronounced in the case of atrazine than trifluralin. For example, the dose-response analysis showed that in the presence of 1% biochar in soil, the value of GR(50) (i.e. the dose required to reduce weed biomass by 50%) for atrazine increased by 3.5 times, whereas it increased only by a factor of 1.6 in the case of trifluralin. The combination of the chemical properties and the mode of action governed the extent of biochar-induced reduction in bioavailability of herbicides. The greater biomass of ryegrass in the soil containing the highest biochar (despite having the highest herbicide residues) demonstrates decreased bioavailability of the chemicals caused by the wheat straw biochar. This work clearly demonstrates decreased efficacy of herbicides in biochar amended soils. The role played by herbicide chemistry and mode of action will have major implications in choosing the appropriate application rates for biochar amended soils.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Bioavailability", "Herbicides", "Bound residue", "Weed control", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry", "6. Clean water", "Trifluralin", "Persistence", "Biochar", "Soil", "Charcoal", "Lolium", "Atrazine", "Biomass", "Environmental Restoration and Remediation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.052"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.052", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.052", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.052"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.08.031", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-22", "title": "Impact Of Biochar Application To A Mediterranean Wheat Crop On Soil Microbial Activity And Greenhouse Gas Fluxes", "description": "Biochar has been recently proposed as a management strategy to improve crop productivity and global warming mitigation. However, the effect of such approach on soil greenhouse gas fluxes is highly uncertain and few data from field experiments are available. In a field trial, cultivated with wheat, biochar was added to the soil (3 or 6 kg m(-2)) in two growing seasons (2008/2009 and 2009/2010) so to monitor the effect of treatments on microbial parameters 3 months and 14 months after char addition. N(2)O, CH(4) and CO(2) fluxes were measured in the field during the first year after char addition. Biochar incorporation into the soil increased soil pH (from 5.2 to 6.7) and the rates of net N mineralization, soil microbial respiration and denitrification activity in the first 3 months, but after 14 months treated and control plots did not differ significantly. No changes in total microbial biomass and net nitrification rate were observed. In char treated plots, soil N(2)O fluxes were from 26% to 79% lower than N(2)O fluxes in control plots, excluding four sampling dates after the last fertilization with urea, when N(2)O emissions were higher in char treated plots. However, due to the high spatial variability, the observed differences were rarely significant. No significant differences of CH(4) fluxes and field soil respiration were observed among different treatments, with just few exceptions. Overall the char treatments showed a minimal impact on microbial parameters and GHG fluxes over the first 14 months after biochar incorporation.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "Greenhouse Effect", "Nitrous Oxide", "Biochar; CH; 4; CO; 2; Denitrification; N; 2; O; Nitrification;", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "Fertilizers", "Soil Microbiology", "Triticum", "2. Zero hunger", "CH4", "Bacteria", "N2O", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "6. Clean water", "Biochar", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "Denitrification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "CO2", "Gases", "Methane", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.08.031"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.08.031", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.08.031", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.08.031"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136146", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-26", "title": "Phytoextraction of Cu, Cd, Zn and As in four shrubs and trees growing on soil contaminated with mining waste", "description": "Mining activity has degraded large extensions of soil and its waste is composed of metals, anthropogenic chemicals, and sterile rocks. The use of native species in the recovery of polluted soils improves the conditions for the emergence of other species, tending to a process of ecosystem restoration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bioaccumulation of metal(loid)s in four species of native plants and the effect of their distribution and bioavailability in soil with waste from an abandoned gold mine. Soil samples were taken from two sites in La Planta, San Juan, Argentina: Site 1 and Site 2 (mining waste and reference soil, respectively). In Site 1, vegetative organ samples were taken from Larrea cuneifolia, Bulnesia retama, Plectrocarpa tetracantha, and Prosopis flexuosa. The concentration of metal(loid)s in soil from Site 1 were Zn\u00a0>\u00a0As\u00a0>\u00a0Cu\u00a0>\u00a0Cd, reaching values of 7123, 6516, 240 and 76\u00a0mg\u00a0kg-1, respectively. The contamination indices were among the highest categories of contamination for all four metal(loid)s. The spatial interpolation analysis showed the effect of the vegetation as the lowest concentration of metal(loid)s were found in rhizospheric soil. The maximum concentrations of As, Cu, Cd and Zn found in vegetative organs were 371, 461, 28, and 1331\u00a0mg\u00a0kg-1, respectively. L. cuneifolia and B. retama presented high concentrations of Cu and Zn. The most concentrated metal(loid)s in P. tetracantha and P. flexuosa were Zn, As and Cu. Cd was the least concentrated metal in all four species. The values of BAF and TF were greater than one for all four species. In conclusion, the different phytoextraction capacities and the adaptations to arid environments of these four species are an advantage for future phytoremediation strategies. Their application contributes to the ecological restoration and risk reduction, allowing the recovery of ecosystem services.", "keywords": ["Biodisponibilidad", "Bioavailability", "BIOAVAILABILITY", "Soil pollution", "01 natural sciences", "Mining", "Trees", "Bioacumulaci\u00f3n", "SOIL POLLUTION", "Soil", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5", "Metals", " Heavy", "Poluci\u00f3n del Suelo", "Metales", "Soil Pollutants", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Metal", "Abandoned mine", "ABANDONED MINE", "PHYTOREMEDIATION", "BIOACCUMULATION", "15. Life on land", "Bioaccumulation", "6. Clean water", "Phytoremediation", "Zinc", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "Metals", "13. Climate action", "METAL", "Miner\u00eda", "Fitodecontaminaci\u00f3n", "Gold", "Soil Pollution", "Cadmium", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136146"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136146", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136146", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136146"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137472", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-12-07", "title": "Assembled mixed co-cultures for emerging pollutant removal using native microorganisms from sewage sludge", "description": "The global pharmaceutical pollution caused by drug consumption (>100,000 tonnes) and its disposal into the environment is an issue which is currently being addressed by bioremediation techniques, using single or multiple microorganisms. Nevertheless, the low efficiency and the selection of non-compatible species interfere with the success of this methodology. This paper proposes a novel way of obtaining an effective multi-domain co-culture, with the capacity to degrade multi-pharmaceutical compounds simultaneously. To this end, seven microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) previously isolated from sewage sludge were investigated to enhance their degradation performance. All seven strains were factorially mixed and used to assemble different artificial co-cultures. Consequently, 127 artificial co-cultures were established and ranked, based on their fitness performance, by using the BSocial analysis web tool. The individual strains were categorized according to their social behaviour, whose net effect over the remaining strains was defined as 'Positive', 'Negative' or 'Neutral'. To evaluate the emerging-pollutant degradation rate, the best 10 co-cultures, and those which contained the social strains were then challenged with three different Pharmaceutical Active compounds (PhACs): diclofenac, carbamazepine and ketoprofen. The co-cultures with the fungi Penicillium oxalicum XD-3.1 and Penicillium rastrickii were able to degrade PhACs. However, the highest performance (>80% degradation) was obtained by the minimal active microbial consortia consisting of both Penicillium spp., Cladosporium cladosporoides and co-existing bacteria. These consortia transformed the PhACs to derivate molecules through hydroxylation and were released to the media, resulting in a low ecotoxicity effect. High-throughput screening of co-cultures provides a quick, reliable and efficient method to narrow down suitable degradation co-cultures for emerging PhAC contaminants while avoiding toxic metabolic derivatives.", "keywords": ["Sewage", "Bacteria", "Fungi", "HTGrowth", "Waste Disposal", " Fluid", "01 natural sciences", "Coculture Techniques", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "Pharmaceutical Preparations", "13. Climate action", "Environmental Pollutants", "BSocial", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137472"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137472", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137472", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137472"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2003.08.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-11-05", "title": "Crop Yields, Soil Fertility And Phosphorus Fractions In Response To Long-Term Fertilization Under The Rice Monoculture System On A Calcareous Soil", "description": "Abstract A 14-year field trial was conducted on a calcareous soil to evaluate the effects of continuous rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping and fertilization on crop yield, soil fertility and phosphorus fractions. The application of N and P enhanced rice yields, while K had no yield-increasing effect because of large available soil K resource. The soil organic carbon remained at a stable level except for a decrease in the unfertilized treatment after 1988. Total N did not show clear changes with time or between treatments despite some fluctuation. The available soil K trend after 1985 as well as the comparison between treatments indicated clearly decreasing available soil K, particularly in the NP treatment. Available soil P significantly decreased in the P-omitted treatments, but remained at a stable level in the P-applied treatments with time. Of the total inorganic P (Pi), Ca phosphates (Ca-P) were the dominant Pi forms, accounting for 69\u201371%, followed by Fe phosphates (Fe-P), P occluded within Fe oxides (O-P) and then Al phosphates (Al-P). Of the Ca-P fractions, Ca2-P [CaHPO4\u00b7nH2O], Ca8-P [Ca8H2(PO4)6\u00b7nH2O] and Ca10-P [Ca10(PO4)6\u00b7(OH)2] accounted for 3.1\u20136.2, 5.8\u20136.4 and 87\u201391%, respectively. The NK treatment had significant Ca2-P depletion with time compared with the NPK treatment, and the similar trend was observed for Ca8-P despite decreasing Ca8-P with time for the two treatments. In the NK treatment, Ca2-P and Ca8-P had a good correlation with Olsen-P. The significant changes with time were not observed for Fe-P, O-P and Ca10-P. The P application caused a weak accumulation of Fe-P, O-P and Ca10-P, but had no significant effect on total Pi over time. The results suggest that (i) P application is indispensable to maintain high yields of rice under N application and (ii) there was a substantial P release from Ca2-P and Ca8-P linked to P uptake by crops. Hence, soil indigenous P supply, P transformation and the yield responses to fertilizer P application must be synthetically considered to optimize fertilization strategies for irrigated rice production on the calcareous soil at the experimental site.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "070300 Crop and Pasture Production", "0703 (four-digit-FOR)", "Flooding", "etc.)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "300105 Applied Hydrology (Drainage", "Irrigation", "Quality", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2003.08.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2003.08.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2003.08.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2003.08.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-01", "title": "Impact Of Biochar Amendments On The Quality Of A Typical Midwestern Agricultural Soil", "description": "Abstract Biochar, a co-product of thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic materials into advanced biofuels, may be used as a soil amendment to enhance the sustainability of biomass harvesting. We investigated the impact of biochar amendments (0, 5, 10, and 20\u00a0g-biochar\u00a0kg\u2212\u00a01 soil) on the quality of a Clarion soil (Mesic Typic Hapludolls), collected (0\u201315\u00a0cm) in Boone County, Iowa. Repacked soil columns were incubated for 500\u00a0days at 25\u00a0\u00b0C and 80% relative humidity. On week 12, 5\u00a0g of dried and ground swine manure was incorporated into the upper 3\u00a0cm of soil for half of the columns. Once each week, all columns were leached with 200\u00a0mL of 0.001\u00a0M CaCl2. Soil bulk density increased with time for all columns and was significantly lower for biochar amended soils relative to the un-amended soils. The biochar amended soils retained more water at gravity drained equilibrium (up to 15%), had greater water retention at \u2212\u00a01 and \u22125\u00a0bars soil water matric potential, (13 and 10% greater, respectively), larger specific surface areas (up to 18%), higher cation exchange capacities (up to 20%), and pH values (up to 1 pH unit) relative to the un-amended controls. No effect of biochar on saturated hydraulic conductivity was detected. The biochar amendments significantly increased total N (up to 7%), organic C (up to 69%), and Mehlich III extractable P, K, Mg and Ca but had no effect on Mehlich III extractable S, Cu, and Zn. The results indicate that biochar amendments have the potential to substantially improve the quality and fertility status of Midwestern agricultural soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil Science", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil quality", "630", "333", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Black carbon", "Geochemistry", "Charcoal", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Laird, David, Fleming, Pierce, Davis, Dedrick, Horton, Robert, Karlen, Douglas, Wang, Baiqun,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-01", "title": "Organic Matter Stabilization In Soil Aggregates: Understanding The Biogeochemical Mechanisms That Determine The Fate Of Carbon Inputs In Soils", "description": "Abstract We studied the biochemical and biophysical processes of carbon sequestration in an intensive agroforestry system on two soils (Feralsol \u2013 Luero; Arenosol \u2013 Teso) in W. Kenya to elucidate the mechanisms associated with long-term carbon storage. Specifically, we looked at a top-down model (macro-aggregates form around organic matter particles and micro-aggregates form within the macro-aggregates) and a bottom-up model (micro-aggregates form independently and are incorporated into macro-aggregates) of soil aggregate formation. Soil samples were collected from experiments on improved tree fallows using different species and two tillage treatments; water-stable aggregates were extracted and sorted into three size classes: macro-aggregates (>\u00a0212\u00a0\u03bcm), meso-aggregates (53\u2013212\u00a0\u03bcm) and micro-aggregates (20\u201353\u00a0\u03bcm). Organic matter characterization of each fraction was based on 13C isotope abundance, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the abundance of polysaccharides. Improved fallows increased soil C by 0.28 and 0.26\u00a0kg m\u00ad2 in the top 20\u00a0cm of the soil profile in Luero and Teso, respectively. Tillage altered the distribution of aggregates among size classes. Changes in the \u03b413C signature in each fraction indicated that more of the new carbon was found in the macro-aggregates (35\u201370%) and meso-aggregates (18\u201349%) in Luero and less (9\u201317%) was found in the micro-aggregates. In Teso, about 40\u201380% of the new aggregate C was found in the meso-aggregates, 14\u201345% was found in the micro-aggregates and only 4\u201326% was found in the macro-aggregates. The meso-aggregates and macro-aggregates to a lesser extent, in both sites, were enriched in carboxylic-C and aromatic-C, indicating the importance of OM decomposition and plant-derived C in the stabilization of larger aggregates, supporting the top-down model of aggregate formation. Microbially derived polysaccharides play a leading role in the formation of stable micro-aggregates and carboxylic-C promotes stabilization through surface occlusion. This bottom-up process is essential to promote long-term carbon sequestration in soils. Additionally, the micro-aggregates at both sites were enriched in polysaccharides and had elevated ratios of galactose + mannose:arabinose + xylose than the other aggregate fractions, indicating the importance of microbial processes in the formation of stable micro-aggregates and supporting the bottom-up model.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Aggregates", "fallow", "C-13", "carbon", "Carbohydrates", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "540", "630", "6. Clean water", "soil", "Improved", "FTIR", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.08.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-09-20", "title": "The Effects Of N And P Additions On Microbial N Transformations And Biomass On Saline-Alkaline Grassland Of Loess Plateau Of Northern China", "description": "AbstractMicrobial nutrient transformation plays an important role in regulating nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Soil N and P contents also control microbial nutrient transformations. However, there is still dispute on how N and P additions affect microbial activity and N transformations. A field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of N and P on microbial N transformations and biomass in saline-alkaline grassland in Loess Plateau of northern China during growing season in 2009. N was added at a rate of 10gNm\u22122 y\u22121 in the form of NH4NO3. P was added at a rate of 5g P m\u22122 y\u22121 in the form of P2O5\u2212. We measured the in situ net ammonification rate (Ramm), and nitrification rate (Rnit) once a month from May to October; we also measured potential soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), and potential microbial respiration (MR) once a month in laboratory.ResultsDuring the whole growing seasons, P addition significantly stimulated soil inorganic N pool, soil extractable C, soil extractable N pool, Rmin, and the metabolic quotient (qCO2) from the estimates of microbial respiration and microbial biomass carbon, and there was no effect on peak aboveground biomass, MBC, MBN and MR during the whole growing seasons in 2009. N addition significantly increased peak aboveground biomass, inorganic N pool, Rmin, MBN, MR, and qCO2, decreased soil extractable C and the ratio of MBC/MBN, and there was no effect on soil extractable N and MBC during the growing season in 2009. P addition increased the soil net N mineralization rate and N addition not only increased the soil net N mineralization rate but also increased microbial biomass N. We observed that P induced a decreased soil inorganic N pool, but N addition directly increased soil inorganic N pool, how to balance the quantity of N and P additions in agriculture system is an important technique in agriculture harvest in the future in Loess Plateau of Northern China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "4. Education", "Microbial biomass", "N mineralization", "Soil Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Microbial respiration", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Saline\u2013alkaline soil", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhu Feng, Dong Kuanhu, Zhao Xiang, Wang Changhui,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.08.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.08.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.08.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.08.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.049", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-11", "title": "Rehabilitating Mangrove Ecosystem Services: A Case Study On The Relative Benefits Of Abandoned Pond Reversion From Panay Island, Philippines", "description": "Mangroves provide vital climate change mitigation and adaptation (CCMA) ecosystem services (ES), yet have suffered extensive tropics-wide declines. To mitigate losses, rehabilitation is high on the conservation agenda. However, the relative functionality and ES delivery of rehabilitated mangroves in different intertidal locations is rarely assessed. In a case study from Panay Island, Philippines, using field- and satellite-derived methods, we assess carbon stocks and coastal protection potential of rehabilitated low-intertidal seafront and mid- to upper-intertidal abandoned (leased) fishpond areas, against reference natural mangroves. Due to large sizes and appropriate site conditions, targeted abandoned fishpond reversion to former mangrove was found to be favourable for enhancing CCMA in the coastal zone. In a municipality-specific case study, 96.7% of abandoned fishponds with high potential for effective greenbelt rehabilitation had favourable tenure status for reversion. These findings have implications for coastal zone management in Asia in the face of climate change.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Carbon Sequestration", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "coastal protection", "mangroves", "Philippines", "Aquatic Science", "15. Life on land", "Oceanography", "Pollution", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "rehabilitation", "carbon stocks", "13. Climate action", "Wetlands", "11. Sustainability", "14. Life underwater", "ecosystem services", "Ponds", "abandoned aquaculture ponds", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Restoration and Remediation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.049"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Marine%20Pollution%20Bulletin", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.049", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.049", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.049"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-20", "title": "Impacts Of Lucc On Soil Properties In The Riparian Zones Of Desert Oasis With Remote Sensing Data: A Case Study Of The Middle Heihe River Basin, China", "description": "Large-scale changes in land use and land cover over long timescales can induce significant variations in soil physicochemical properties, particularly in the riparian zones of arid regions. Frequent reclamation of wetlands and grasslands and intensive agricultural activity have induced significant changes in both land use/cover and soil physicochemical properties in the riparian zones of the middle Heihe River basin of China. The present study aims to explore whether land use/land cover change (LUCC) can well explain the variations in soil properties in the riparian zones of the middle Heihe River basin. To achieve this, we mapped LUCC and quantified the type of land use change using remote sensing images, topographic maps, and GIS analysis techniques. Forty-two sites were selected for soil and vegetation sampling. Then, physical and chemical experiments were employed to determine soil moisture, soil bulk density, soil pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total potassium, total phosphorous, available nitrogen, available potassium, and available phosphorous. The Independent-Samples Kruskal-Wallis Test, principal component analysis, and a scatter matrix were used to analyze the effects of LUCC on soil properties. The results indicate that the majority of the parameters investigated were affected significantly by LUCC. In particular, soil moisture and soil organic carbon can be explained well by land cover change and land use change, respectively. Furthermore, changes in soil moisture could be attributed primarily to land cover changes. Changes in soil organic carbon were correlated closely with the following land use change types: wetlands-arable, forest-grasslands, and grasslands-desert. Other parameters, including pH and total K, were also found to exhibit significant correlations with LUCC. However, changes in soil nutrients were shown to be induced most probably by human agricultural activity (i.e. fertilize, irrigation, tillage, etc.), rather than by simple conversions from one land use/cover types to the others.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Nitrogen", "Urbanization", "Agriculture", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Environment", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "3. Good health", "Soil", "Rivers", "13. Climate action", "Remote Sensing Technology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Desert Climate", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-09-09", "title": "Temperature Sensitivity Of Soil Respiration: Synthetic Effects Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus Fertilization On Chinese Loess Plateau", "description": "Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization has the potential to alter soil respiration temperature sensitivity (Q10) by changing soil biochemical and crop physiological process. A four-year field experiment was conducted to determine how Q10 responded to these biochemical and physiological changes in rain-fed agro-ecosystems on the semi-arid Loess Plateau. Soil respiration, as well as biotic and abiotic factors were measured in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), with three fertilization treatments: (no fertilization (CK), 160kgNhm-1 (N), and 160kgNha-1 with 39kgPha-1 (N+P). Mean annual soil respiration rate (calculated by averaging the four years) in the N treatment and N+P treatment was 18% and 48% higher than that in the CK treatment, respectively; and it was increased by 26% (14%-48%) in the N+P treatment as compared with that in the N treatment. The decrease of Q10 in the N and N+P treatments against the CK treatment was not stable for each year, ranging from 0.01 to 0.28. The maximum decrease of Q10 in the N and N+P treatments was 10% and 15% in 2014-2015, while in other years the decrease of Q10 was numerical but not significant. Soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) was increased by 10% and 50%, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was increased by 6% and 21%, and photosynthesis rate was increased ranging from 6% to 33% with N and N+P fertilization. The relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi were significantly higher by 32.9%-54.1% in N addition soils (N and N+P) compared to CK treatment, whereas additional P application into soils increased the relative abundance of the family Micrococcaceae, Nocardioidaceae and Chitinophagaceae. Soil respiration was positively related to SMBC, DOC and photosynthesis rate (p<0.05). However, variation in Q10 may be related to the increase of soil mineral N content and variation of the relative abundance of soil microbial community in our study. Nitrogen and additional phosphorus fertilization regimes affect soil respiration and temperature sensitivity differently.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Qingfang Liu, Rui Wang, Shengli Guo, Shengli Guo, Ying Wang, Qiqi Sun, Man Zhao, Yaxian Hu, Xin Gao, Lanlan Du,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=water&offset=50&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=water&offset=50&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=water&offset=0", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=water&offset=100", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 6629, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-09-21T02:01:37.802681Z"}