{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s10021-013-9690-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-28", "title": "Pedogenic Thresholds And Soil Process Domains In Basalt-Derived Soils", "description": "Pedogenic thresholds occur where soil properties change abruptly and/or nonlinearly with a small increment in environmental forcing; soil process domains are the regions between thresholds where soils change much more gradually across a large range of environmental forcing. We evaluated thresholds and domains in basalt-derived soils on two rainfall gradients in Hawaii\u2014one from 260 to 3,540 mm/y precipitation on 150,000-year-old substrate, the other from 600 to 3,760 mm/y on 4,100,000-year-old substrate. We identified thresholds associated with the initiation of biological uplift of nutrients at about 700 mm/y on the younger substrate, the depletion of primary minerals at about 2,100 mm/y on the younger and about 900 mm/y on the older substrate, and the initiation of anoxic conditions and associated Fe mobility at about 2,500 mm/y on the older substrate. These thresholds delineated process domains characterized by pedogenic carbonate accumulation and wind erosion (dry young substrate); by weathering and biological uplift of nutrients (intermediate rainfall young substrate and dry old substrate); by surface Fe enrichment and nutrient depletion (wet young substrate and intermediate rainfall old substrate); and by Fe mobilization and loss (wet old substrate). Soils on the older substrate were more highly weathered, lower in total and available P, and characterized by more crystalline clays than otherwise comparable soils on the younger substrate. Prior to European contact, Hawaiian cultivators developed an intensive rainfed agricultural system in the weathering/biological uplift domain on the younger substrate; we suggest that only this domain could support indigenous agricultural intensification in upland soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "biological uplift", "pedogenic threshold", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Hawaii", "gradient", "weathering", "Environmental Chemistry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "indigenous agriculture", "process domain", "Environmental Sciences", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "basalt-derived soil", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Vitousek, Peter M, Chadwick, Oliver A,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt0267w3mm/qt0267w3mm.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-013-9690-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-013-9690-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-013-9690-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-013-9690-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10533-011-9695-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-06", "title": "Tree Species Effects On Coupled Cycles Of Carbon, Nitrogen, And Acidity In Mineral Soils At A Common Garden Experiment", "description": "Forest biogeochemical cycles are shaped by effects of dominant tree species on soils, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated effects of temperate tree species on interactions among carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and acidity in mineral soils from an experiment with replicated monocultures of 14 tree species. To identify how trees affected these soil properties, we evaluated correlations among species-level characteristics (e.g. nutrient concentrations in leaf litter, wood, and roots), stand-level properties (e.g. nutrient fluxes through leaf litterfall, nutrient pools in stemwood), and components of soil C, N, and cation cycles. Total extractable acidity (aciditytot) was correlated positively with mineral soil C stocks (R2 = 0.72, P < 0.001), such that a nearly two-fold increase in aciditytot was associated with a more than two-fold increase of organic C. We attribute this correlation to effects of tree species on soil acidification and subsequent mineral weathering reactions, which make hydrolyzing cations available for stabilization of soil organic matter. The effects of tree species on soil acidity were better understood by measuring multiple components of soil acidity, including pH, the abundance of hydrolyzing cations in soil solutions and on cation exchange sites, and aciditytot. Soil pH and aciditytot were correlated with proton-producing components of the soil N cycle (e.g. nitrification), which were positively correlated with species-level variability in fine root N concentrations. Soluble components of soil acidity, such as aluminum in saturated paste extracts, were more strongly related to plant traits associated with calcium cycling, including leaf and root calcium concentrations. Our results suggest conceptual models of plant impacts on soil biogeochemistry should be revised to account for underappreciated plant traits and biogeochemical processes.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "weathering", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "humus", "15. Life on land", "cations", "01 natural sciences", "stoichiometry", "wood"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-011-9695-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10533-011-9695-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10533-011-9695-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10533-011-9695-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120283", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-27", "title": "Imprint of chemical weathering and hydrothermalism on the Ge/Si ratio and Si isotope composition of rivers in a volcanic tropical island, Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe (French West Indies)", "description": "Abstract A significant portion of the disproportionally high chemical weathering flux in volcanic island arcs may originate from hydrothermal fluid-rock interaction, thereby compromising the accurate estimate of atmospheric CO2 consumption rates. The objective of this study is to evaluate how the riverine Ge/Si ratio and Si isotopes, two well-established tracers of weathering, respond to hydrothermal inputs. The work took place in Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe, a tropical volcanic island with a dense river network, high chemical weathering fluxes and various hydrothermal surface manifestations. We characterized the Ge/Si ratio and \u03b430Si of 15 thermal springs, nine non-impacted (NI) rivers and 13 hydrothermally-impacted (HI) rivers. The soil solution from a highly weathered soil profile (Ferralsol) and a clayey-rock corresponding to the material exposed in an extinct hydrothermal system were also measured. A new purification method was successfully developed in order to allow the reliable measurement of Si isotopes in SO42\u2212- and Cl\u2212-rich thermal spring and HI river waters by mass spectrometry. Basse-Terre's thermal springs have variable Ge/Si ratios (0.05\u201321.03\u00a0\u03bcmol.mol\u22121) and \u03b430Si (0.71\u20131.50\u2030), but with no apparent relationship to the water compositional type. The Ge/Si ratio (0.15\u20132.57\u00a0\u03bcmol.mol\u22121) and Si isotope composition (0.26\u20131.21\u2030) values of the NI rivers reveal differences in the watersheds' weathering degree. Dissolution of Ge- and 28Si-rich secondary minerals explains the high Ge/Si and isotopically light composition of the northern NI rivers draining strongly weathered terranes. The Ge/Si ratio and \u03b430Si values measured for the NI and HI rivers overlap, implying that they cannot be used to diagnose hydrothermal contributions to river basins unambiguously. However, when combined with the Cl\u2212 and SO42\u2212 concentrations, the analysis of Ge and Si in the HI rivers suggests that water seeping through an extinct hydrothermal system produces SO4-rich drainages with distinctively lower Ge/Si ratios than those inferred for watersheds receiving thermal spring discharges associated with an active hydrothermal system. Overall, our results provide new constraints for applying and interpreting Ge/Si and Si isotope measurements to study weathering in volcanic environments.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "Volcanic hydrothermal system", "Chemical weathering", "River geochemistry", "Si isotope", "Ge/Si ratio", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "Guadeloupe", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120283"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemical%20Geology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120283", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120283", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120283"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12665-018-7547-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-22", "title": "Bowing of marble slabs: can the phenomenon be arrested and prevented by inorganic treatments?", "description": "Bowing of thin marble slabs is a phenomenon affecting both historic monuments and modern buildings. In spite of the ubiquity and destructiveness of this phenomenon, no fully satisfactory treatment is currently available to arrest and/or prevent bowing. In this study, a treatment based on formation of hydroxyapatite (HAP) was investigated as a possible route to arrest and possibly prevent bowing of Carrara marble slabs. Four different formulations of the HAP treatment were tested and compared to ammonium oxalate and ethyl silicate (widely used in the practice of marble conservation). The treatments were applied onto pre-weathered and unweathered specimens to investigate their ability to arrest and prevent bowing, respectively. Marble behavior was studied in terms of residual strain and bowing after thermal cycles up to 90\u00a0\u00b0C in dry and wet conditions. Marble cohesion was assessed before and after the thermal cycles by ultrasound. The HAP treatments exhibited promising results, as the residual strain and the bowing after the cycles were always lower or equal to the untreated references, while marble cohesion was always higher. Surprisingly, ammonium oxalate caused marked worsening of marble thermal behavior. In the case of ethyl silicate, most of the initial benefit after consolidation was lost after the thermal cycles. In general, the results of the study point out the importance of evaluating marble thermal behavior to assess the suitability of any conservation treatment and suggest that treatments able to strengthen marble without causing excessive pore occlusion and stiffening are preferable to enhance durability to thermal cycles.", "keywords": ["0211 other engineering and technologies", "Calcium oxalate; Hydroxyapatite; Marble; Thermal behavior; Thermal weathering; Warping; Geology", "02 engineering and technology", "ING-IND/22 Scienza e tecnologia dei materiali", "Warping Marble Hydroxyapatite Calcium oxalate Thermal behavior Thermal weathering", "0210 nano-technology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/643027/4/Bowing%20%28EES%29_Copertina.pdf"}, {"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-018-7547-7.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7547-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Earth%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12665-018-7547-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12665-018-7547-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12665-018-7547-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2002gb001925", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-05-23", "title": "Effects Of Co2and Nutrient Availability On Mineral Weathering In Controlled Tree Growth Experiments", "description": "

We sought to determine the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 on mineral weathering reactions in midlatitude carbonate\uffe2\uff80\uff90bearing forest soils of differing nutrient availability. Increased plant growth and soil respiration under elevated atmospheric CO2 suggest increased rates of carbon cycling, which may affect mineral weathering. A randomized complete block experiment was conducted, where aspen and maple saplings were grown in open top chambers under two levels of atmospheric CO2 and soil N. Soil solution chemistry and soil gas PCO2 profiles beneath aspen were collected from planting (1997) to harvest (1999). Carbonate mineral weathering products (Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92) dominated solutions, which were saturated with respect to calcite. Soil PCO2 values at 25 cm depth were 41% higher in high N soils, but CO2 treatment was not significant. An ANOVA model tested treatment effects on spring 1998 solution chemistry. CO2 treatment had a significant effect on DIC, which was 12% higher in elevated than ambient CO2 chambers. Little effect of CO2 treatment was observed in low N soils. In high N soils, solutions had higher concentrations of carbonate weathering products (DIC, 15%; HCO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92, 27%; Ca2+, 3%, not significant; Mg2+, 5%, not significant). Soil N availability had a significant, positive, effect on mean concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92, SO42\uffe2\uff88\uff92, and DOC. The soil N treatment difference in solutes may result from differences in PCO2 and, additionally, NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 from organic matter decomposition. Our results suggest that increased carbonate weathering may occur under increased atmospheric CO2 and in fertile soils.

", "keywords": ["DIC", "Mineral Weathering", "Geological Sciences", "Science", "Carbonates", "Elevated Carbon Dioxide", "DOC", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil Solution", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gb001925"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2002gb001925", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2002gb001925", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2002gb001925"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-05-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2004gb002219", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-11-30", "title": "Weathering Controls On Mechanisms Of Carbon Storage In Grassland Soils", "description": "

On a sequence of soils developed under similar vegetation, temperature, and precipitation conditions, but with variations in mineralogical properties, we use organic carbon and 14C inventories to examine mineral protection of soil organic carbon. In these soils, 14C data indicate that the creation of slow\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling carbon can be modeled as occurring through reaction of organic ligands with Al3+ and Fe3+ cations in the upper horizons, followed by sorption to amorphous inorganic Al compounds at depth. Only one of these processes, the chelation of Al3+ and Fe3+ by organic ligands, is linked to large carbon stocks. Organic ligands stabilized by this process traverse the soil column as dissolved organic carbon (both from surface horizons and root exudates). At our moist grassland site, this chelation and transport process is very strongly correlated with the storage and long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term stabilization of soil organic carbon. Our 14C results show that the mechanisms of organic carbon transport and storage at this site follow a classic model previously believed to only be significant in a single soil order (Spodosols), and closely related to the presence of forests. The presence of this process in the grassland Alfisol, Inceptisol, and Mollisol soils of this chronosequence suggests that this process is a more significant control on organic carbon storage than previously thought.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Weathering", "Storage", "Transport", "Precipitation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Stabilization", "Carbon", "13. Climate action", "Cations", "Soils", "Rangelands", "Sorption", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "54 Environmental Sciences", "Inventories", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt4287x5sj/qt4287x5sj.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gb002219"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2004gb002219", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2004gb002219", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2004gb002219"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2021gc009904", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-10-26", "title": "Quantifying Non\u2010Thermal Silicate Weathering Using Ge/Si and Si Isotopes in Rivers Draining the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field, USA", "description": "Abstract

In active volcanic regions, high\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature chemical reactions in the hydrothermal system consume CO2 sourced from magma or from the deep crust, whereas reactions with silicates at shallow depths mainly consume atmospheric CO2. Numerous studies have quantified the load of dissolved solids in rivers that drain volcanic regions to determine chemical weathering rates and atmospheric CO2 consumption rates. However, the balance between thermal and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90thermal components to riverine fluxes in these areas remains poorly constrained, hindering accurate estimates of atmospheric CO2 consumption rates. Here we use the Ge/Si ratio and the stable silicon isotopes (\uffce\uffb430Si) as tracers for quantifying non\uffe2\uff80\uff90thermal silicon contributions in rivers draining the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field, USA. The Ge/Si ratio (\uffc2\uffb5mol.mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921) was determined for seven thermal water samples (183\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa022), eight rivers (35\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa023) and six creeks flowing into Yellowstone Lake (5\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa03) during base flow and during peak water discharge following snowmelt. The \uffce\uffb430Si value (\uffe2\uff80\uffb0) was determined for thermal waters (\uffe2\uff88\uff920.09\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.04), Yellowstone River at Yellowstone Lake outlet (1.91\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.23) and creek samples (0.82\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.29). The calculated atmospheric CO2 consumption associated with non\uffe2\uff80\uff90thermal waters flowing through Yellowstone's rivers during peak discharge is \uffe2\uff88\uffbc3.03 ton.km\uffe2\uff88\uff922.yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, which is \uffe2\uff88\uffbc2% of the annual mean atmospheric CO2 consumption in other volcanic regions. This study highlights the significance of quantifying seasonal variations in chemical weathering rates for improving estimates of atmospheric CO2 consumption rates in active volcanic regions.Mixed siliciclastic\uffe2\uff80\uff90carbonate active orogens are common on Earth's surface, yet most studies have focused on erosion and weathering in silicate\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich landscapes. Relative to purely siliciclastic landscapes, the response of erosion and weathering to uplift may differ in mixed\uffe2\uff80\uff90lithology regions. However, our knowledge of weathering and erosion in mixed carbonate\uffe2\uff80\uff90silicate lithologies is limited and, thus, so is our understanding of the mechanistic coupling between uplift, weathering, and the carbon cycle. Here, we partition denudation fluxes into erosion and weathering fluxes of carbonates and silicates in the Northern Apennines\uffe2\uff80\uff94a mixed carbonate\uffe2\uff80\uff90siliciclastic active orogen\uffe2\uff80\uff94using dissolved solutes, the carbonate sand fraction, and existing 10Be denudation rates. Erosion generally dominates total denudation fluxes relative to weathering by an order of magnitude. Carbonate and silicate contributions to erosion vary between lithologic units, but weathering fluxes are systematically dominated by carbonates. Silicate weathering may be kinetically limited, whereas carbonate weathering may be limited by acid supply. Carbonate re\uffe2\uff80\uff90precipitation estimated by comparing ion ratios (Sr, Ca, Na) from rivers and bedrock suggests that up to 90% of dissolved Ca2+ is lost from carbonate\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich catchments. Corresponding [Ca2+] estimates for the weathering zone are high, likely driven by high soil CO2 partial pressures (pCO2); however, re\uffe2\uff80\uff90equilibration with atmospheric pCO2 in rivers converts solutes back into grains that become part of the physical denudation flux. Weathering limits in this landscape therefore differ between the subsurface weathering zone and riverine exports, and our findings suggest that carbon cycle models may overestimate the sensitivity to erosion of solute exports (Ca2+ and HCO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92) derived from carbonate weathering.

", "keywords": ["mountain landscapes", "550", "Italy", "13. Climate action", "chemical Weathering; Italy; erosion; mountain landscapes; carbonate precipitation; lithology", "15. Life on land", "chemical Weathering", "erosion", "carbonate precipitation", "lithology", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2021JF006064"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jf006064"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Earth%20Surface", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2021jf006064", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2021jf006064", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2021jf006064"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rspa.2019.0098", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-14", "title": "Silicon isotopes in Arctic and sub-Arctic glacial meltwaters: the role of subglacial weathering in the silicon cycle", "description": "

Glacial environments play an important role in high-latitude marine nutrient cycling, potentially contributing significant fluxes of silicon (Si) to the polar oceans, either as dissolved silicon (DSi) or as dissolvable amorphous silica (ASi). Silicon is a key nutrient in promoting marine primary productivity, contributing to atmospheric CO 2 removal. We present the current understanding of Si cycling in glacial systems, focusing on the Si isotope (\uffce\uffb4 30 Si) composition of glacial meltwaters. We combine existing glacial \uffce\uffb4 30 Si data with new measurements from 20 sub-Arctic glaciers, showing that glacial meltwaters consistently export isotopically light DSi compared with non-glacial rivers (+0.16\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 versus +1.38\uffe2\uff80\uffb0). Glacial \uffce\uffb4 30 Si ASi composition ranges from \uffe2\uff88\uff920.05\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 to \uffe2\uff88\uff920.86\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 but exhibits low seasonal variability. Silicon fluxes and \uffce\uffb4 30 Si composition from glacial systems are not commonly included in global Si budgets and isotopic mass balance calculations at present. We discuss outstanding questions, including the formation mechanism of ASi and the export of glacial nutrients from fjords. Finally, we provide a contextual framework for the recent advances in our understanding of subglacial Si cycling and highlight critical research avenues for assessing potential future changes in these environments. Physical weathering can modify the stability of biochar after field exposure. The aim of our study was to determine the potential carbon sequestration of the two chars at different timescales. We investigated the modification in composition and stability resulting from physical weathering of two different chars produced (i) at low temperature (250\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C) by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC); and (ii) at high temperature (1200\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C) by gasification (GS) using contrasting feedstocks. Physical weathering of HTC and GS placed on a water permeable canvas was performed through successive wetting/drying and freezing/thawing cycles. Carbon loss was assessed by mass balance. Chemical stability of the remaining material was evaluated as resistance to acid dichromate oxidation, and biological stability was assessed during laboratory incubation. Moreover, we assessed modification in potential priming effects due to physical weathering. Physical weathering induced a carbon loss ranging between 10 and 40% of the total C mass depending on the feedstock. This C loss is most probably related to leaching of small particulate and dissolved compounds. GS produced from maize silage showed the highest C loss. The chemical stability of HTC and GS was unaffected by physical weathering. In contrast, physical weathering strongly increased the biological stability of HTC and GS char produced from maize silage. After physical weathering, the half\uffe2\uff80\uff90life (t1/2) of GS was doubled but only slight increase was noted for those of HTC. During the first weeks of incubation, HTC addition to soil stimulated native soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization (positive priming effect), while the GS addition led to protection of the native SOM against biologic degradation (negative priming effect). Physical weathering led to reduction in these priming effects. Model extrapolations based on our data showed that decadal C sequestration potential of GS and HTC is globally equivalent when all losses including those due to priming and physical weathering were taken into account. However, at century scale only GS may have the potential to increase soil C storage.

", "keywords": ["priming effect", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "aging", "gasification", "HTC", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "01 natural sciences", "630", "hydrothermal carbonization", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "13. Climate action", "soil organic matter", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "weathering", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "chemical oxidation", "biochar", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12158"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GCB%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcbb.12158", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcbb.12158", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcbb.12158"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-02-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/feart.2020.00229", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-06-26", "title": "Silicon Isotopes Reveal a Non-glacial Source of Silicon to Crescent Stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica", "description": "In high latitude environments, silicon is supplied to river waters by both glacial and non-glacial chemical weathering. The signal of these two end-members is often obscured by biological uptake and/or groundwater input in the river catchment. McMurdo Dry Valleys streams in Antarctica have no deep groundwater input, no connectivity between streams and no surface vegetation cover, and thus provide a simplified system for us to constrain the supply of dissolved silicon (DSi) to rivers from chemical weathering in a glacial environment. Here we report dissolved Si concentrations, germanium/silicon ratios (Ge/Si) and silicon isotope compositions (\u03b430SiDSi) in Crescent Stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys for samples collected between December and February in the 2014\u22122015, 2015\u22122016, and 2016\u22122017 austral seasons. The \u03b430SiDSi compositions and DSi concentrations are higher than values reported in wet-based glacial meltwaters, and form a narrow cluster within the range of values reported for permafrost dominated Arctic Rivers. High \u03b430SiDSi compositions, ranging from +0.90\u2030 to +1.39\u2030, are attributed to (i) the precipitation of amorphous silica during freezing of waters in isolated pockets of the hyporheic zone in the winter and the release of Si from unfrozen pockets during meltwater-hyporheic zone exchange in the austral summer, and (ii) additional Si isotope fractionation via long-term Si uptake in clay minerals and seasonal Si uptake into diatoms superimposed on this winter-derived isotope signal. There is no relationship between \u03b430SiDSi compositions and DSi concentrations with seasonal and daily discharge, showing that stream waters contain DSi that is in equilibrium with the formation of secondary Si minerals in the hyporheic zone. We show that \u03b430SiDSi compositions can be used as tracers of silicate weathering in the hyporheic zone and possible tracers of freeze-thaw conditions in the hyporheic zone. This is important in the context of the ongoing warming in McMurdo Dry Valleys and the supply of more meltwaters to the hyporheic zone of McMurdo Dry Valley streams.", "keywords": ["550", "Science", "Q", "silicon", "Antartica", "15. Life on land", "551", "01 natural sciences", "hyporheic zone", "silicon isotopes", "13. Climate action", "weathering", "Antarctica", "isotopes", "permafrost", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00229"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Earth%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/feart.2020.00229", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/feart.2020.00229", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/feart.2020.00229"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:20:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-11", "title": "Land-Management Options for Greenhouse Gas Removal and Their Impacts on Ecosystem Services and the Sustainable Development Goals", "description": "

Land-management options for greenhouse gas removal (GGR) include afforestation or reforestation (AR), wetland restoration, soil carbon sequestration (SCS), biochar, terrestrial enhanced weathering (TEW), and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). We assess the opportunities and risks associated with these options through the lens of their potential impacts on ecosystem services (Nature's Contributions to People; NCPs) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We find that all land-based GGR options contribute positively to at least some NCPs and SDGs. Wetland restoration and SCS almost exclusively deliver positive impacts. A few GGR options, such as afforestation, BECCS, and biochar potentially impact negatively some NCPs and SDGs, particularly when implemented at scale, largely through competition for land. For those that present risks or are least understood, more research is required, and demonstration projects need to proceed with caution. For options that present low risks and provide cobenefits, implementation can proceed more rapidly following no-regrets principles.

", "keywords": ["330", "Sustainable Development Goals", "710", "SDG", "CDR", "01 natural sciences", "333", "nature's contributions to people", "12. Responsible consumption", "wetland restoration", "soil carbon sequestration", "negative emission technology", "afforestation/reforestation", "11. Sustainability", "BECCS", "NCPs", "biochar", "UN Sustainable Development Goals", "carbon dioxide removal", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "bioenergy with carbon capture and storage", "greenhouse gas removal", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "SDG 15", "NET", "Nature's Contributions to People", "13. Climate action", "ecosystem services", "terrestrial enhanced weathering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annual%20Review%20of%20Environment%20and%20Resources", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129", "name": "item", "description": "10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1983/5ade10d7-e52b-449b-a041-157faf95a175", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:26:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-14", "title": "Silicon Isotopic Composition of Dry and Wet-Based Glaciers in Antarctica", "description": "Glaciers and ice sheets export significant amounts of silicon (Si) to downstream ecosystems, impacting local and potentially global biogeochemical cycles. Recent studies have shown Si in Arctic glacial meltwaters to have an isotopically distinct signature when compared to non-glacial rivers. This is likely linked to subglacial weathering processes and mechanochemical reactions. However, there are currently no silicon isotope (\u03b430Si) data available from meltwater streams in Antarctica, limiting the current inferences on global glacial silicon isotopic composition and its drivers. To address this gap, we present dissolved silicon (DSi), \u03b430SiDSi and major ion data from meltwater streams draining a polythermal glacier in the region of the West Antarctic peninsula (King George Island) and a cold-based glacier in East Antarctica (Commonwealth Stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys). These data, alongside other global datasets, improve our understanding of how contrasting glacier thermal regime can impact upon Si cycling and therefore the \u03b430SiDSi composition. ud We find a similar \u03b430SiDSi composition between the two sites, with the streams on King George Island varying between -0.23 and +1.23\u2030 and the Commonwealth stream varying from -0.40 to +1.14\u2030. However, meltwater streams in King George Island have higher DSi concentrations, and the two glacial systems exhibit opposite DSi - \u03b430SiDSi trends. These contrasts likely result from differences in weathering processes, specifically the role of subglacial processes (King George Island) and, supraglacial processes followed by in-stream weathering in hyporheic zones (Commonwealth Stream). These findings are important when considering likely changes in nutrient fluxes from Antarctic glaciers under climatic warming scenarios and consequent shifts in glacial thermal regimes.", "keywords": ["silicon isotope geochemistry", "550", "Stream Weathering", "Science", "Q", "500", "Antartica", "subglacial weathering", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "silicon cycle", "13. Climate action", "stream weathering", "solicon isotope", "Silicon Cycle", "Antarctica", "Subglacial Weathering", "Silicon Isotope Geochemistry", "geochemistry", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/133147/2/feart-08-00286.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1983/5ade10d7-e52b-449b-a041-157faf95a175"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Earth%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1983/5ade10d7-e52b-449b-a041-157faf95a175", "name": "item", "description": "1983/5ade10d7-e52b-449b-a041-157faf95a175", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1983/5ade10d7-e52b-449b-a041-157faf95a175"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/feart.2020.00286", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-14", "title": "Silicon Isotopic Composition of Dry and Wet-Based Glaciers in Antarctica", "description": "Glaciers and ice sheets export significant amounts of silicon (Si) to downstream ecosystems, impacting local and potentially global biogeochemical cycles. Recent studies have shown Si in Arctic glacial meltwaters to have an isotopically distinct signature when compared to non-glacial rivers. This is likely linked to subglacial weathering processes and mechanochemical reactions. However, there are currently no silicon isotope (\u03b430Si) data available from meltwater streams in Antarctica, limiting the current inferences on global glacial silicon isotopic composition and its drivers. To address this gap, we present dissolved silicon (DSi), \u03b430SiDSi and major ion data from meltwater streams draining a polythermal glacier in the region of the West Antarctic peninsula (King George Island) and a cold-based glacier in East Antarctica (Commonwealth Stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys). These data, alongside other global datasets, improve our understanding of how contrasting glacier thermal regime can impact upon Si cycling and therefore the \u03b430SiDSi composition. ud We find a similar \u03b430SiDSi composition between the two sites, with the streams on King George Island varying between -0.23 and +1.23\u2030 and the Commonwealth stream varying from -0.40 to +1.14\u2030. However, meltwater streams in King George Island have higher DSi concentrations, and the two glacial systems exhibit opposite DSi - \u03b430SiDSi trends. These contrasts likely result from differences in weathering processes, specifically the role of subglacial processes (King George Island) and, supraglacial processes followed by in-stream weathering in hyporheic zones (Commonwealth Stream). These findings are important when considering likely changes in nutrient fluxes from Antarctic glaciers under climatic warming scenarios and consequent shifts in glacial thermal regimes.", "keywords": ["silicon isotope geochemistry", "550", "Stream Weathering", "Science", "Q", "500", "Antartica", "subglacial weathering", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "silicon cycle", "13. Climate action", "stream weathering", "solicon isotope", "Silicon Cycle", "Antarctica", "Subglacial Weathering", "Silicon Isotope Geochemistry", "geochemistry", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/133147/2/feart-08-00286.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00286"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Earth%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/feart.2020.00286", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/feart.2020.00286", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/feart.2020.00286"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/feart.2021.727315", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-11-12", "title": "Reconstructing Permafrost Sedimentological Characteristics and Post-depositional Processes of the Yedoma Stratotype Duvanny Yar, Siberia", "description": "

Cryogenic weathering is a key driver of periglacial sediment composition and properties. Selective mineral-grain weathering caused by freeze-thaw cycles in permafrost environments has the ability to dominate this process, leading to silt-rich grain-size distributions. The cryogenic weathering index (CWI) is a promising tool to quantify cryogenic weathering and freezing conditions. It considers the low resistance of quartz to freeze-thaw cycles compared to feldspars. Using this approach, this study aims to decipher post-depositional weathering by reconstructing cryogenic late Pleistocene Yedoma origins of the Yedoma stratotype exposure Duvanny Yar. To estimate the recent environmental endmember and to determine the initial mineral composition of sediment until freezing, the distribution of CWI in the active layer was studied. In addition to CWI, we studied mineral composition, heavy mineral distribution, grain size distribution and grain morphology. We suggest that cryogenic weathering likely altered polygenetic deposits (fluvial, nival, colluvial, lacustrine, alluvial, and aeolian processes) during sediment and ground ice accumulation. Moreover, we found two CWI distribution peaks in the late Pleistocene - Holocene sediments at the boundaries between glacial and interglacial ages. In conclusion, we see that the Duvanny Yar sediment facies varied by CWI, but also with grain-size distribution, suggesting environmental changes during formation. Nevertheless, post-depositional processes like cryogenic weathering have influenced sediment characteristics and should be considered in paleoenvironmental reconstructions.

", "keywords": ["Arctic", "Holocene", "cryogenic weathering", "Kolyma lowland", "13. Climate action", "Science", "late Pleistocene", "Q", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "permafrost", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.727315"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Earth%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/feart.2021.727315", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/feart.2021.727315", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/feart.2021.727315"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.djh9w0w67", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:33Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-11-08", "title": "Data for: Stabilisation of soil organic matter with rock dust partially counteracted by plants", "description": "unspecifiedIn this study, the effect of rock dust addition on both soil inorganic and organic carbon contents was investigated. Soil chemical changes were measured, including soil organic carbon (totals and fractions), soil inorganic carbon, pH, electric conductivity, and water-extractable and ammonium acetate-extractable ion levels (Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Mn, Fe, Zn, Si). In addition, the effect of plants on soil chemistry and rocks on plant growth (biomass) and plant ion uptake was studied. The results demonstrated rock weathering during the 6 months incubation period and a stabilisation of organic carbon. Plants partially counteracted the stabilisation of soil organic carbon. This was attributed to interactions between soil chemical changes induced by rock dust, plant exudation, and subsequent soil organic carbon stabilisation mechanisms.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil organic carbon", "soil carbon sequestration", "13. Climate action", "Particulate organic matter", "aggregate carbon", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "enhanced rock weathering", "Basalt", "mineral associated organic matter", "6. Clean water", "inorganic carbon"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Buss, Wolfram, Hasemer, Heath, Ferguson, Scott, Borevitz, Justin,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.djh9w0w67"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.djh9w0w67", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.djh9w0w67", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.djh9w0w67"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-11-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1983/a9ecd79e-9249-4f29-b8fd-05f3f4442b8c", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:26:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-06-26", "title": "Silicon Isotopes Reveal a Non-glacial Source of Silicon to Crescent Stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica", "description": "In high latitude environments, silicon is supplied to river waters by both glacial and non-glacial chemical weathering. The signal of these two end-members is often obscured by biological uptake and/or groundwater input in the river catchment. McMurdo Dry Valleys streams in Antarctica have no deep groundwater input, no connectivity between streams and no surface vegetation cover, and thus provide a simplified system for us to constrain the supply of dissolved silicon (DSi) to rivers from chemical weathering in a glacial environment. Here we report dissolved Si concentrations, germanium/silicon ratios (Ge/Si) and silicon isotope compositions (\u03b430SiDSi) in Crescent Stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys for samples collected between December and February in the 2014\u22122015, 2015\u22122016, and 2016\u22122017 austral seasons. The \u03b430SiDSi compositions and DSi concentrations are higher than values reported in wet-based glacial meltwaters, and form a narrow cluster within the range of values reported for permafrost dominated Arctic Rivers. High \u03b430SiDSi compositions, ranging from +0.90\u2030 to +1.39\u2030, are attributed to (i) the precipitation of amorphous silica during freezing of waters in isolated pockets of the hyporheic zone in the winter and the release of Si from unfrozen pockets during meltwater-hyporheic zone exchange in the austral summer, and (ii) additional Si isotope fractionation via long-term Si uptake in clay minerals and seasonal Si uptake into diatoms superimposed on this winter-derived isotope signal. There is no relationship between \u03b430SiDSi compositions and DSi concentrations with seasonal and daily discharge, showing that stream waters contain DSi that is in equilibrium with the formation of secondary Si minerals in the hyporheic zone. We show that \u03b430SiDSi compositions can be used as tracers of silicate weathering in the hyporheic zone and possible tracers of freeze-thaw conditions in the hyporheic zone. This is important in the context of the ongoing warming in McMurdo Dry Valleys and the supply of more meltwaters to the hyporheic zone of McMurdo Dry Valley streams.", "keywords": ["550", "Science", "Q", "silicon", "Antartica", "15. Life on land", "551", "01 natural sciences", "hyporheic zone", "silicon isotopes", "13. Climate action", "weathering", "Antarctica", "isotopes", "permafrost", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/1983/a9ecd79e-9249-4f29-b8fd-05f3f4442b8c"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Earth%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1983/a9ecd79e-9249-4f29-b8fd-05f3f4442b8c", "name": "item", "description": "1983/a9ecd79e-9249-4f29-b8fd-05f3f4442b8c", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1983/a9ecd79e-9249-4f29-b8fd-05f3f4442b8c"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14947845", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:23:59Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Assessing CO2 fluxes during enhanced weathering from soils through a mesocosm lens", "description": "It is becoming increasingly accepted that annual gigatonne-scale CO2 removal, in conjunction with rapid decarbonization, is necessary to meet international climate goals and limit global warming below 2\u00b0C. This is going to require the development and rapid scaling of new forms of carbon management. When developing new CDR techniques, it is essential to ensure that there is complete accounting of how the process affects greenhouse gas fluxes. Enhanced weathering (EW), the spreading of finely ground weatherable, cation-rich crushed rocks to soils, has the potential to sequester significant amounts of CO2 while improving soil health. However, the effect of EW affiliated increases in soil pH on soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition and CO2 efflux from soils remain debated. It has been proposed that increasing soil pH can lead to enhanced SOC remineralization. To move forward this debate, we present CO2 flux and soil carbon pool data from a greenhouse study in large mesocosms. We focused on mildly acidic soil in which, on short time scales, cations from weathering quantitively move into the exchangeable fraction in soils. Therefore, gas fluxes changes should be largely linked to changes in SOC stores. We find no significant correlation between CO2 fluxes and soil pH and no significant correlation between CO2 fluxes and rock application. Although this does not rule out a link between soil pH and SOC remineralization rates, the effect is small relative to other factors, like temperature and soil moisture. Although minor increases in total inorganic carbon were observed in basalt-amended soils, these increases did not support a direct link between soil pH and increased CO2 emissions. We observed a small increase in soil total organic carbon stocks in basalt amended mesocosms, but this change was also not significant enough to drive a shift in observed soil CO2 fluxes.", "keywords": ["soil organic carbon", "enhanced weathering", "carbon dioxide removals", "co2", "CO2", "Enhanced weathering"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Chiaravalloti, Isabella, Zhang, Shuang, Planavsky, Noah,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14947845"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14947845", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14947845", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14947845"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-03-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.15847855", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:24:19Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Enhanced rock weathering altered soil organic carbon fluxes in a plant trial", "description": "Enhanced rock weathering altered soil organic carbon fluxes in a plant triel. Raw and processed datasets in support of the findings of Boito et al. (2025).", "keywords": ["Climate change mitigation", "Soil organic carbon", "Earthworm", "Enhanced rock weathering", "Plants", "CO2 emissions"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Boito, Lucilla, Steinwidder, Laura, Rijnders, Jet, Berwouts, Jesse, Janse, Sarah, Niron, Harun, Roussard, Jasper, Vicca, Sara, Vienne, Arthur,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15847855"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.15847855", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.15847855", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.15847855"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-07-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.16814380", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:24:22Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Assessing CO2 fluxes during enhanced weathering from soils through a mesocosm lens", "description": "It is becoming increasingly accepted that annual gigatonne-scale CO2 removal, in conjunction with rapid decarbonization, is necessary to meet international climate goals and limit global warming below 2\u00b0C. This is going to require the development and rapid scaling of new forms of carbon management. When developing new CDR techniques, it is essential to ensure that there is complete accounting of how the process affects greenhouse gas fluxes. Enhanced weathering (EW), the spreading of finely ground weatherable, cation-rich crushed rocks to soils, has the potential to sequester significant amounts of CO2 while improving soil health. However, the effect of EW affiliated increases in soil pH on soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition and CO2 efflux from soils remain debated. It has been proposed that increasing soil pH can lead to enhanced SOC remineralization. To move forward this debate, we present CO2 flux and soil carbon pool data from a greenhouse study in large mesocosms. We focused on mildly acidic soil in which, on short time scales, cations from weathering quantitively move into the exchangeable fraction in soils. Therefore, gas fluxes changes should be largely linked to changes in SOC stores. We find no significant correlation between CO2 fluxes and soil pH and no significant correlation between CO2 fluxes and rock application. Although this does not rule out a link between soil pH and SOC remineralization rates, the effect is small relative to other factors, like temperature and soil moisture. Although minor increases in total inorganic carbon were observed in basalt-amended soils, these increases did not support a direct link between soil pH and increased CO2 emissions. We observed a small increase in soil total organic carbon stocks in basalt amended mesocosms, but this change was also not significant enough to drive a shift in observed soil CO2 fluxes.", "keywords": ["soil organic carbon", "enhanced weathering", "carbon dioxide removals", "co2", "CO2", "Enhanced weathering"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Chiaravalloti, Isabella, Zhang, Shuang, Planavsky, Noah,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16814380"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.16814380", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.16814380", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.16814380"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-03-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5880/gfz.4.6.2021.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:25:30Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Major element stream water chemistry, compiled 10Be erosion rates, and analyses of weathering across an erosion-rate gradient in in southern Taiwan.", "description": "This dataset was used to analyse the link between chemical weathering and erosion rates across the southern tip of Taiwan. The weathering of silicate minerals is a key component of Earth\u2019s long-term carbon cycle, and it stabilises Earth\u2019s climate by sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere \u2013 thereby balancing CO2-emissions from the mantle. Conversely, the weathering of accessory carbonate and sulphides acts as a CO2 source. Chemical weathering is fundamentally dependent on the exposure of fresh minerals by erosion. With these data we investigated the link between the exposure of rocks by erosion and the chemical weathering of silicates, carbonates, and sulphides across a landscape with a significant erosion-rate gradient and comparatively little variation in runoff and lithology. This dataset includes new major element chemistry and water isotopes of river waters collected from across the southern tip of Taiwan as well as associated topographic and lithologic data (tab 1 in the excel table). Moreover, the data include a compilation of published 10Be-derived erosion rates from a subset of the sampled rivers (tab 2 in the excel file) and available major element chemistry from hotsprings in the region (tab 3 in the excel file). Using a mixing model, we derived the cation contributions from silicate and carbonate weathering as well as from hotspring and cyclic sources. Further, we estimated the erosion rates for each sample from the compiled 10Be data and the steepness of river channels, and we estimated saturation and pH in the weathering zone. For more information please refer to the associated data description file and especially to Bufe et al. (2021).", "keywords": ["erosion rate", "major element chemistry", "water isotopes", "EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOCHEMISTRY > GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES > ISOTOPE MEASUREMENTS", "EARTH SCIENCE SOLID EARTH GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS PROCESSES FLUVIAL PROCESSES WEATHERING", "Taiwan", "hot springs", "15. Life on land", "EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES > FLUVIAL PROCESSES > WEATHERING", "rivers", "silicate and carbonate weathering", "Chemistry", "13. Climate action", "EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOCHEMISTRY > GEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES > CHEMICAL WEATHERING", "EARTH SCIENCE SOLID EARTH GEOCHEMISTRY GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES ISOTOPE MEASUREMENTS", "EARTH SCIENCE SOLID EARTH GEOCHEMISTRY GEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES CHEMICAL WEATHERING", "Natural Sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bufe, Aaron, Hovius, Niels, Emberson, Robert, Rugenstein, Jeremy K. C. , Galy, Albert, Hassenruck-Gudipati, Hima J., Chang, Jui-Ming,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5880/gfz.4.6.2021.001"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5880/gfz.4.6.2021.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.5880/gfz.4.6.2021.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5880/gfz.4.6.2021.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1959.13/1433083", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:26:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-11", "title": "Land-Management Options for Greenhouse Gas Removal and Their Impacts on Ecosystem Services and the Sustainable Development Goals", "description": "

Land-management options for greenhouse gas removal (GGR) include afforestation or reforestation (AR), wetland restoration, soil carbon sequestration (SCS), biochar, terrestrial enhanced weathering (TEW), and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). We assess the opportunities and risks associated with these options through the lens of their potential impacts on ecosystem services (Nature's Contributions to People; NCPs) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We find that all land-based GGR options contribute positively to at least some NCPs and SDGs. Wetland restoration and SCS almost exclusively deliver positive impacts. A few GGR options, such as afforestation, BECCS, and biochar potentially impact negatively some NCPs and SDGs, particularly when implemented at scale, largely through competition for land. For those that present risks or are least understood, more research is required, and demonstration projects need to proceed with caution. For options that present low risks and provide cobenefits, implementation can proceed more rapidly following no-regrets principles.

", "keywords": ["330", "Sustainable Development Goals", "710", "SDG", "CDR", "01 natural sciences", "333", "nature's contributions to people", "12. Responsible consumption", "wetland restoration", "soil carbon sequestration", "negative emission technology", "afforestation/reforestation", "11. Sustainability", "BECCS", "NCPs", "biochar", "UN Sustainable Development Goals", "carbon dioxide removal", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "bioenergy with carbon capture and storage", "greenhouse gas removal", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "SDG 15", "NET", "Nature's Contributions to People", "13. Climate action", "ecosystem services", "terrestrial enhanced weathering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1959.13/1433083"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annual%20Review%20of%20Environment%20and%20Resources", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1959.13/1433083", "name": "item", "description": "1959.13/1433083", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1959.13/1433083"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1983/3515273a-0447-4952-9222-0110bf0a7922", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:26:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-14", "title": "Silicon isotopes in Arctic and sub-Arctic glacial meltwaters: the role of subglacial weathering in the silicon cycle", "description": "

Glacial environments play an important role in high-latitude marine nutrient cycling, potentially contributing significant fluxes of silicon (Si) to the polar oceans, either as dissolved silicon (DSi) or as dissolvable amorphous silica (ASi). Silicon is a key nutrient in promoting marine primary productivity, contributing to atmospheric CO 2 removal. We present the current understanding of Si cycling in glacial systems, focusing on the Si isotope (\uffce\uffb4 30 Si) composition of glacial meltwaters. We combine existing glacial \uffce\uffb4 30 Si data with new measurements from 20 sub-Arctic glaciers, showing that glacial meltwaters consistently export isotopically light DSi compared with non-glacial rivers (+0.16\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 versus +1.38\uffe2\uff80\uffb0). Glacial \uffce\uffb4 30 Si ASi composition ranges from \uffe2\uff88\uff920.05\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 to \uffe2\uff88\uff920.86\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 but exhibits low seasonal variability. Silicon fluxes and \uffce\uffb4 30 Si composition from glacial systems are not commonly included in global Si budgets and isotopic mass balance calculations at present. We discuss outstanding questions, including the formation mechanism of ASi and the export of glacial nutrients from fjords. Finally, we provide a contextual framework for the recent advances in our understanding of subglacial Si cycling and highlight critical research avenues for assessing potential future changes in these environments.

Cryogenic weathering is a key driver of periglacial sediment composition and properties. Selective mineral-grain weathering caused by freeze-thaw cycles in permafrost environments has the ability to dominate this process, leading to silt-rich grain-size distributions. The cryogenic weathering index (CWI) is a promising tool to quantify cryogenic weathering and freezing conditions. It considers the low resistance of quartz to freeze-thaw cycles compared to feldspars. Using this approach, this study aims to decipher post-depositional weathering by reconstructing cryogenic late Pleistocene Yedoma origins of the Yedoma stratotype exposure Duvanny Yar. To estimate the recent environmental endmember and to determine the initial mineral composition of sediment until freezing, the distribution of CWI in the active layer was studied. In addition to CWI, we studied mineral composition, heavy mineral distribution, grain size distribution and grain morphology. We suggest that cryogenic weathering likely altered polygenetic deposits (fluvial, nival, colluvial, lacustrine, alluvial, and aeolian processes) during sediment and ground ice accumulation. Moreover, we found two CWI distribution peaks in the late Pleistocene - Holocene sediments at the boundaries between glacial and interglacial ages. In conclusion, we see that the Duvanny Yar sediment facies varied by CWI, but also with grain-size distribution, suggesting environmental changes during formation. Nevertheless, post-depositional processes like cryogenic weathering have influenced sediment characteristics and should be considered in paleoenvironmental reconstructions.

", "keywords": ["Arctic", "Holocene", "cryogenic weathering", "Kolyma lowland", "13. Climate action", "Science", "late Pleistocene", "Q", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "permafrost", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2078.1/254334"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Earth%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2078.1/254334", "name": "item", "description": "2078.1/254334", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2078.1/254334"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2078.1/246033", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:26:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-27", "title": "Imprint of chemical weathering and hydrothermalism on the Ge/Si ratio and Si isotope composition of rivers in a volcanic tropical island, Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe (French West Indies)", "description": "Abstract A significant portion of the disproportionally high chemical weathering flux in volcanic island arcs may originate from hydrothermal fluid-rock interaction, thereby compromising the accurate estimate of atmospheric CO2 consumption rates. The objective of this study is to evaluate how the riverine Ge/Si ratio and Si isotopes, two well-established tracers of weathering, respond to hydrothermal inputs. The work took place in Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe, a tropical volcanic island with a dense river network, high chemical weathering fluxes and various hydrothermal surface manifestations. We characterized the Ge/Si ratio and \u03b430Si of 15 thermal springs, nine non-impacted (NI) rivers and 13 hydrothermally-impacted (HI) rivers. The soil solution from a highly weathered soil profile (Ferralsol) and a clayey-rock corresponding to the material exposed in an extinct hydrothermal system were also measured. A new purification method was successfully developed in order to allow the reliable measurement of Si isotopes in SO42\u2212- and Cl\u2212-rich thermal spring and HI river waters by mass spectrometry. Basse-Terre's thermal springs have variable Ge/Si ratios (0.05\u201321.03\u00a0\u03bcmol.mol\u22121) and \u03b430Si (0.71\u20131.50\u2030), but with no apparent relationship to the water compositional type. The Ge/Si ratio (0.15\u20132.57\u00a0\u03bcmol.mol\u22121) and Si isotope composition (0.26\u20131.21\u2030) values of the NI rivers reveal differences in the watersheds' weathering degree. Dissolution of Ge- and 28Si-rich secondary minerals explains the high Ge/Si and isotopically light composition of the northern NI rivers draining strongly weathered terranes. The Ge/Si ratio and \u03b430Si values measured for the NI and HI rivers overlap, implying that they cannot be used to diagnose hydrothermal contributions to river basins unambiguously. However, when combined with the Cl\u2212 and SO42\u2212 concentrations, the analysis of Ge and Si in the HI rivers suggests that water seeping through an extinct hydrothermal system produces SO4-rich drainages with distinctively lower Ge/Si ratios than those inferred for watersheds receiving thermal spring discharges associated with an active hydrothermal system. Overall, our results provide new constraints for applying and interpreting Ge/Si and Si isotope measurements to study weathering in volcanic environments.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "Volcanic hydrothermal system", "Chemical weathering", "River geochemistry", "Si isotope", "Ge/Si ratio", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "Guadeloupe", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2078.1/246033"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemical%20Geology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2078.1/246033", "name": "item", "description": "2078.1/246033", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2078.1/246033"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2078.1/252765", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:26:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-10-26", "title": "Quantifying Non\u2010Thermal Silicate Weathering Using Ge/Si and Si Isotopes in Rivers Draining the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field, USA", "description": "Abstract

In active volcanic regions, high\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature chemical reactions in the hydrothermal system consume CO2 sourced from magma or from the deep crust, whereas reactions with silicates at shallow depths mainly consume atmospheric CO2. Numerous studies have quantified the load of dissolved solids in rivers that drain volcanic regions to determine chemical weathering rates and atmospheric CO2 consumption rates. However, the balance between thermal and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90thermal components to riverine fluxes in these areas remains poorly constrained, hindering accurate estimates of atmospheric CO2 consumption rates. Here we use the Ge/Si ratio and the stable silicon isotopes (\uffce\uffb430Si) as tracers for quantifying non\uffe2\uff80\uff90thermal silicon contributions in rivers draining the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field, USA. The Ge/Si ratio (\uffc2\uffb5mol.mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921) was determined for seven thermal water samples (183\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa022), eight rivers (35\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa023) and six creeks flowing into Yellowstone Lake (5\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa03) during base flow and during peak water discharge following snowmelt. The \uffce\uffb430Si value (\uffe2\uff80\uffb0) was determined for thermal waters (\uffe2\uff88\uff920.09\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.04), Yellowstone River at Yellowstone Lake outlet (1.91\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.23) and creek samples (0.82\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.29). The calculated atmospheric CO2 consumption associated with non\uffe2\uff80\uff90thermal waters flowing through Yellowstone's rivers during peak discharge is \uffe2\uff88\uffbc3.03 ton.km\uffe2\uff88\uff922.yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, which is \uffe2\uff88\uffbc2% of the annual mean atmospheric CO2 consumption in other volcanic regions. This study highlights the significance of quantifying seasonal variations in chemical weathering rates for improving estimates of atmospheric CO2 consumption rates in active volcanic regions.