{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s11104-012-1251-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-30", "title": "Soil Carbon Sequestration Potential Of Willows In Short-Rotation Coppice Established On Abandoned Farm Lands", "description": "Aims  We carried out a paired-site study (Melanic Brunisol) to assess the impact on soil carbon stocks of land-use change following establishment and multiple rotations of willows (Salix miyabeana SX67) in short-rotation coppice (SRWC).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Alfalfa; C sequestration; Carbon sink; Cropping systems; Salix; SRWC;", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Short rotation forestry", " Willow", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1251-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-012-1251-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-012-1251-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-012-1251-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.05.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-13", "title": "Land use change to bioenergy: A meta-analysis of soil carbon and GHG emissions", "description": "AbstractA systematic review and meta-analysis were used to assess the current state of knowledge and quantify the effects of land use change (LUC) to second generation (2G), non-food bioenergy crops on soil organic carbon (SOC) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of relevance to temperate zone agriculture. Following analysis from 138 original studies, transitions from arable to short rotation coppice (SRC, poplar or willow) or perennial grasses (mostly Miscanthus or switchgrass) resulted in increased SOC (+5.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.8% and +25.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.7% respectively). Transitions from grassland to SRC were broadly neutral (+3.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014.6%), whilst grassland to perennial grass transitions and forest to SRC both showed a decrease in SOC (\u221210.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.3% and \u221211.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a023.4% respectively). There were insufficient paired data to conduct a strict meta-analysis for GHG emissions but summary figures of general trends in GHGs from 188 original studies revealed increased and decreased soil CO2 emissions following transition from forests and arable to perennial grasses. We demonstrate that significant knowledge gaps exist surrounding the effects of land use change to bioenergy on greenhouse gas balance, particularly for CH4. There is also large uncertainty in quantifying transitions from grasslands and transitions to short rotation forestry. A striking finding of this review is the lack of empirical studies that are available to validate modelled data. Given that models are extensively use in the development of bioenergy LCA and sustainability criteria, this is an area where further long-term data sets are required.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Willow", "Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment", "LCA", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Forestry", "Miscanthus", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "Biofuel", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Waste Management and Disposal", "Poplar", "SRC"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/378038/1/1-s2.0-S0961953415001853-main.pdf__tid%253Dae1c90f6-134f-11e5-9791-00000aab0f6c%2526acdnat%253D1434367044_8be90627ca3e084fd6c7146ec3705d66"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.05.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biomass%20and%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.05.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.05.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.05.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.forpol.2013.06.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:16:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-11", "title": "Investing In Energy Forestry Under Uncertainty", "description": "Abstract   Farmer's decisions to invest in renewable energy sources can contribute to lower greenhouse gas and mitigate climate change. However, it remains unclear how associated high sunk establishment costs, long-term commitment, highly uncertain net returns, and policy induced incentives could drive farmer's decision to afforest agricultural land. A real option model is used to theoretically frame the decision to switch from agriculture to energy forestry. Optimal investment timing is modeled and the functioning of government subsidies offered to speed up the switch to energy forestry is analyzed. The empirical analysis examines the establishment of new short-rotation coppice willow stands in Central East Sweden. It is shown that in the presence of volatile agricultural profits and high establishment costs, subsidies are needed to accelerate investment. We then examine the case of the municipality of Enkoping and show that the combination of governmental subsidies for energy forestry with compensation for sewage sludge treatment provides an effective stimulus to investment in new willow stands which also has environmental benefits.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Economics and Econometric", "Monitoring", "Policy and Law", "Sociology and Political Science", "05 social sciences", "Forestry", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Short-rotation willow coppice", "Management", "12. Responsible consumption", "Bioenergy policy", "13. Climate action", "0502 economics and business", "Investment analysi", "Real option", "Bioenergy policy; Investment analysis; Real options; Short-rotation willow coppice; Forestry; Economics and Econometrics; Management; Monitoring; Policy and Law; Sociology and Political Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2013.06.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Policy%20and%20Economics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.forpol.2013.06.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.forpol.2013.06.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.forpol.2013.06.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148516", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-19", "title": "Contrasting responses of major and minor volatile compounds to warming and gall-infestation in the Arctic willow Salix myrsinites.", "description": "Climate change is altering high-latitude ecosystems in multiple facets, including increased insect herbivory pressure and enhanced emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from vegetation. Yet, joint impacts of climatic drivers and insect herbivory on VOC emissions from the Arctic remain largely unknown. We examined how one-month warming by open-top plastic tents, yielding a 3-4 \u00b0C air temperature increase, and the natural presence of gall-forming eriophyoid mites, Aculus tetanothrix, individually and in combination, affect VOC emissions from whortle leaved willow, Salix myrsinites, at two elevations in an Arctic heath tundra of Abisko, Northern Sweden. We measured VOC emissions three times in the peak growing season (July) from intact and gall-infested branches using an enclosure technique and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and leaf chemical composition using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Isoprene accounted for 91% of the VOCs emitted by S. myrsinites. Isoprene emission rates tended to be higher at the high than low elevation during the measurement periods (42 \u03bcg g-1 DW h-1 vs. 23 \u03bcg g-1 DW h-1) even when temperature differences were accounted for. Experimental warming increased isoprene emissions by approximately 54%, but decreased emissions of some minor compound groups, such as green leaf volatiles (GLV) and (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT). In contrast, gall-infestation did not affect isoprene emissions but stimulated emissions of DMNT, sesquiterpenes and GLVs, particularly under ambient conditions at the low elevation. The NIRS-based chemical composition of the leaves varied between the two elevations and was affected by warming and gall-infestation. Our study suggests that under elevated temperatures, S. myrsinites increases emissions of isoprene, a highly effective compound for protection against oxidative stress, while an infestation by A. tetanothrix mites induces emissions of herbivore enemy attractants like DMNT, sesquiterpenes and GLVs. Under both conditions, warming effects on isoprene remain but mite effects on DMNT, sesquiterpenes and GLVs diminish.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Volatile Organic Compounds", "0303 health sciences", "Willow", "Arctic Regions", "Salix", "15. Life on land", "Plant Leaves", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Climate change", "Gall-forming herbivory", "Volatile organic compounds", "Herbivory", "Plant\u2013herbivore interactions", "Tundra", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148516"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148516", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148516", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148516"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/025023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:18:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-27", "title": "Long-Term Increases In Snow Pack Elevate Leaf N And Photosynthesis In Salix Arctica: Responses To A Snow Fence Experiment In The High Arctic Of Nw Greenland", "description": "We examine the influence of altered winter precipitation on a High Arctic landscape with continuous permafrost. Gas exchange, leaf tissue element and isotopic composition (N, \u03b4 ^13 C, \u03b4 ^15 N), and plant water sources derived from stem and soil water \u03b4 ^18 O were examined in Salix arctica (arctic willow) following a decade of snow-fence-enhanced snow pack in NW Greenland. Study plots in ambient and +snow conditions were sampled in summer 2012. Plants experiencing enhanced snow conditions for 10\u00a0years had higher leaf [N], photosynthetic rate, and more enriched leaf \u03b4 ^15 N. Enhanced snow did not influence stomatal conductance or depth of plant water use. We attribute the higher photosynthetic rate in S.\u00a0arctica exposed to deeper snow pack to altered biogeochemical cycles which yielded higher leaf [N] rather than to enhanced water availability. These data demonstrate the complexity of High Arctic plant responses to changes in winter conditions. Furthermore, our data depict the intricate linkages between winter and summer conditions as they regulate processes such as leaf gas exchange that may control water vapor and CO _2 feedbacks between arctic tundra and the surrounding atmosphere.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "carbon", "Science", "Physics", "QC1-999", "Greenland", "Q", "Salix arctica (arctic willow)", "gas exchange", "15. Life on land", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "6. Clean water", "Thule", "Environmental sciences", "13. Climate action", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/025023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/025023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/025023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/025023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcbb.12293", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:18:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-20", "title": "The Priming Potential Of Environmentally Weathered Pyrogenic Carbon During Land-Use Transition To Biomass Crop Production", "description": "Abstract<p>Since land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change (LUC) to lignocellulosic biomass crops often causes a loss of soil organic carbon (SOC), at least in the short term, this study investigated the potential for pyrogenic carbon (PyC) to ameliorate this effect. Although negative priming has been observed in many studies, most of these are long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term incubation experiments which do not account for the interactions between environmentally weathered PyC and native SOC. Here, the aim was to assess the impact of environmentally weathered PyC on native SOC mineralization at different time points in LUC from arable crops to short rotation coppice (SRC) willow. At eight SRC willow plantations in England, with ages of 3\uffe2\uff80\uff9322\uffc2\uffa0years, soil amended 18\uffe2\uff80\uff9322\uffc2\uffa0months previously with PyC was compared with unamended control soil. Cumulative CO2 flux was measured weekly from incubated soil at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff935\uffc2\uffa0cm depth, and soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90surface CO2 flux was also measured in the field. For the incubated soil, cumulative CO2 flux was significantly higher from soil containing weathered PyC than the control soil for seven of the eight sites. Across all sites, the mean cumulative CO2 flux was 21% higher from soil incubated with weathered PyC than the control soil. These results indicate the potential for positive priming in the surface 5\uffc2\uffa0cm of soil independent of changes in soil properties following LUC to SRC willow production. However, no net effect on CO2 flux was observed in the field, suggesting this increase in CO2 is offset by a contrasting PyC\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced effect at a different soil depth or that different effects were observed under laboratory and field conditions. Although the mechanisms for these contrasting effects remain unclear, results presented here suggest that PyC does not reduce LUC\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced SOC losses through negative priming, at least for this PyC type and application rate.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Biomass crops", "Short rotation coppice willow", "Soil organic carbon", "Land-use change", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "Pyrogenic carbon", "Carbon dioxide", "Priming", "13. Climate action", "biomass crops", " carbon dioxide", " land-use change", " priming", " pyrogenic carbon", " short rotation coppice willow", " soilorganic carbon", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "SB"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/75744/1/WRAP_McClean_et_al-2015-GCB_Bioenergy.pdf"}, {"href": "https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/file/796269/1/GCB%20Bioenergy%20-%20Biochar.pdf"}, {"href": "http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34392/1/GCB%20Bioenergy%20-%20Biochar.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12293"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GCB%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcbb.12293", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcbb.12293", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcbb.12293"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01136.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:18:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-27", "title": "How Do Soil Emissions Of N2o, Ch4 And Co2 From Perennial Bioenergy Crops Differ From Arable Annual Crops?", "description": "Abstract<p>It is important to demonstrate that replacing fossil fuel with bioenergy crops can reduce the national greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint. We compared field emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and soil respiration rates from the C4 grass Miscanthus\uffc2\uffa0\uffc3\uff97\uffc2\uffa0giganteus and willow (salix) with emissions from annual arable crops grown for food production. The study was carried out in NE England on adjacent fields of willow, Miscanthus, wheat (Triticum aetivum) and oilseed rape (Brassica napus). N2O, CH4 fluxes and soil respiration rates were measured monthly using static chambers from June 2008 to November 2010. Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO2) was measured by eddy covariance on Miscanthus from May 2008 and on willow from October 2009 until November 2010. The N2O fluxes were significantly smaller from the bioenergy crops than that of the annual crops. Average fluxes were 8 and 32\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcg\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0h\uffe2\uff88\uff921 N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N from wheat and oilseed rape, and 4 and 0.2\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcg\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0h\uffe2\uff88\uff921 N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N from Miscanthus and willow, respectively. Soil CH4 fluxes were negligible for all crops and soil respiration rates were similar for all crops. NEE of CO2 was larger for Miscanthus (\uffe2\uff88\uff92770\uffc2\uffa0g\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0h\uffe2\uff88\uff921) than willow (\uffe2\uff88\uff92602\uffc2\uffa0g\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0h\uffe2\uff88\uff921) in the growing season of 2010. N2O emissions from Miscanthus and willow were lower than for the wheat and oilseed rape which is most likely a result of regular fertilizer application and tillage in the annual arable cropping systems. Application of 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90labelled fertilizer to Miscanthus and oil seed rape resulted in a fertilizer\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced increase in N2O emission in both crops. Denitrification rates (N2O\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0N2) were similar for soil under Miscanthus and oilseed rape. Thus, perennial bioenergy crops only emit less GHGs than annual crops when they receive no or very low rates of N fertilizer.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "willow", "nitrous oxide", "short rotation coppice", "methane", "Miscanthus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "bioenergy", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01136.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GCB%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01136.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01136.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01136.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1186/s40793-021-00386-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:19:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-26", "title": "Isoprene-degrading bacteria associated with the phyllosphere of Salix fragilis, a high isoprene-emitting willow of the northern hemisphere", "description": "AbstractBackground<p>Isoprene accounts for about half of total biogenic volatile organic compound emissions globally, and as a climate active gas it plays a significant and varied role in atmospheric chemistry. Terrestrial plants are the largest source of isoprene, with willow (Salix) making up one of the most active groups of isoprene producing trees. Bacteria act as a biological sink for isoprene and those bacteria associated with high isoprene-emitting trees may provide further insight into its biodegradation.</p>Results<p>A DNA-SIP experiment incubating willow (Salix fragilis) leaves with13C-labelled isoprene revealed an abundance ofComamonadaceae, Methylobacterium, MycobacteriumandPolaromonasin the isoprene degrading community when analysed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Metagenomic analysis of13C-enriched samples confirmed the abundance ofComamonadaceae, Acidovorax, Polaromonas, VariovoraxandRamlibacter. MycobacteriumandMethylobacteriumwere also identified after metagenomic analysis and aMycobacteriummetagenome-assembled genome (MAG) was recovered. This contained two complete isoprene degradation metabolic gene clusters, along with a propane monooxygenase gene cluster. Analysis of the abundance of the alpha subunit of the isoprene monooxygenase,isoA,in unenriched DNA samples revealed that isoprene degraders associated with willow leaves are abundant, making up nearly 0.2% of the natural bacterial community.</p>Conclusions<p>Analysis of the isoprene degrading community associated with willow leaves using DNA-SIP and focused metagenomics techniques enabled recovery of the genome of an active isoprene-degradingMycobacteriumspecies and provided valuable insight into bacteria involved in degradation of isoprene on the leaves of a key species of isoprene-emitting tree in the northern hemisphere.</p>", "keywords": ["Salix fragilis", "2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "0303 health sciences", "isoprene monooxygenase", "Isoprene", "Climate", "isoA", "15. Life on land", "Microbiology", "630", "QR1-502", "6. Clean water", "Environmental sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Willow tree", "13. Climate action", "Isoprene monooxygenase", "GE1-350", "willow tree", "isoprene", "climate", "DNA stable isotope probing", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/81258/1/Published_Version.pdf"}, {"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40793-021-00386-x.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-021-00386-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Microbiome", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1186/s40793-021-00386-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1186/s40793-021-00386-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1186/s40793-021-00386-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.15376/biores.13.3.5976-6002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:19:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-21", "title": "Effects of Biomass Type, Carbonization Process, and Activation Method on the Properties of Bio-Based Activated Carbons", "description": "<p>Activated carbons (AC) serve as adsorbents in various applications requiring specific functionalities. In this study, the effects of biomass type, pre-carbonization process, and activation method on the properties of ACs were investigated. Chemical (KOH and H3PO4) and physical (CO2) activations were performed on slow pyrolyzed and hydrothermally carbonized (HTC) biochars produced from two feedstocks, willow and Scots pine bark (SPB). In addition, the adsorption capacities of the ACs were tested with two dyes and zinc metal. Distinct differences were found between the biochars and ACs regarding pore size distributions, surface area (238 \uffe2\uff80\uff93 3505 m2 g-1), and surface chemistry. KOH activation produced highly microporous ACs from all biochars, whereas with H3PO4 and CO2 there was also increase in the meso- and macroporosity with the HTC biochars. Adsorption capacity for dyes was dependent on the surface area, while for zinc it depended on AC\uffe2\uff80\uff99s pH. The results provide interesting insights into tailoring ACs for specific applications.</p>", "keywords": ["bark", "willow", "biohiili", "330", "Willow", "Activated carbon", "Activated carbon;", "pine bark", "pajut", "Pinus sylvestris", "tomography", "bio-based activated carbon", "620", "Biochar", "tomografia", "Pine bark", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Bio-based activated carbon", "activated carbon", "biochar", "ta219", "SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "X-ray tomography"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/BioRes_13_3_5976_Siipola_Effects_Biomass_Type_Carbonizat_Process_Activat_Method_Activ_C_13985.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.3.5976-6002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BioResources", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.15376/biores.13.3.5976-6002", "name": "item", "description": "10.15376/biores.13.3.5976-6002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.15376/biores.13.3.5976-6002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-06-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/f12121810", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:20:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-12-21", "title": "Climate Benefit of Different Tree Species on Former Agricultural Land in Northern Europe", "description": "<p>The new European Union Forest Strategy for 2030 aims to plant an additional 3 billion trees on non-forest land to mitigate climate change. However, the choice of tree species for afforestation to achieve the maximum climate benefit is unclear. We compared the climate benefit of six different species in terms of carbon (C) sequestration in biomass and the harvested wood substitution in products to avoid carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil-based materials over the 100-year period by afforesting about \uffc2\uffbc of the available area in northern Europe. The highest climate benefit was observed for larch, both at a stand scale (1626 Mg CO2 eqv. ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and at the landscape level for the studied scenario (579 million Mg CO2 eqv.). Larch was followed by Norway spruce, poplar, hybrid aspen and birch, showing a climate benefit about 40\uffe2\uff80\uff9350% lower than that for larch. The climate benefit of willow was about 70% lower than larch. Willow showed 6\uffe2\uff80\uff9314-fold lower C stocks at the landscape level after 100 years than other tree species. The major climate benefit over the 100-year period comes from wood substitution and avoided emissions, but C stock buildup at the landscape level also removes significant amounts of CO2 already present in the atmosphere. The choice of tree species is important to maximize climate change mitigation.</p>", "keywords": ["Climate Research", "forest carbon; climate change; carbon substitution; willow; poplar; hybrid aspen; Norway spruce; silver birch; larch", "Forest Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/12/1810/pdf"}, {"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/26950/1/lutter_r_et_al_220124.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/12/1810/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/f12121810"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forests", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/f12121810", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/f12121810", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/f12121810"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-20T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=willow&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=willow&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=willow&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=willow&offset=10", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 10, "numberReturned": 10, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-28T20:09:57.619932Z"}